h. r. pouretemad

The purpose of this study was to compare the functions of selective and shifting attention in children and adolescents with developmental stuttering with their normal peers.

A comparative – cross / sectional study was designed where 30 school students were selected based on accessibility. These were selected from 11 boys’ and girl’ high schools in the town of Shahriar in Alborz Province, west of Tehran. The population comprised of 10508 students. An expert speech therapist diagnosed students and participants were divided into two groups of developmental stuttering (n=15) and non-developmental stuttering (n=15). The Wisconsin Cards (Grant & Berg, 1948) and the Stroop Test (Macleod, 1996) were administered as neuropsychological assessment. Data was analyzed using t - test.

Findings showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in functions of selective and shifting attention. In comparison with the normal group, the stuttering group had deficits in attentional functions.

With a better understanding of attentional functions of stuttering individuals as an important cognitive variables, we can take a step toward recognizing cognitive vulnerability of disorder. These findings suggest that intervention programs for children with developmental stuttering should pay attention to cognitive deficits prior to speech interventions. Cognitive deficits should be eliminated using neuropsychological implements. With the advances made in the neurological basis of speech. It is suggested that intervention at this level will be most useful in reducing the severity of speech problems.

This research is based on attachment theory and designed to investigate one of the possible variables in attachment development. Meaures of Emotional Intelligence Questioner, and Strange Situation Process were recorded. A hundred of mothers of one-year old children were divided into two groups: securely attached and insecurely attached children who participated in the strange situation process and then answered to the Bar-On questioner. The findings revealed: 1) mother EQ of secure children was higher than the other group, 2) EQ total scale score, indicated highly significant difference between two groups, 3) on sub-scales, empathy, self-awareness, reality testing, happiness, and tolerating stress showed highest difference between two groups of mothers. Proposed hypothesis on flexibility sub-scale did not receive support. Built on the findings, mother ability to recognise child attachment needs, and her responsibility, empathy, and adjustment with these needs, together with her ability in understantding emotions make them more likely to tolerate stress which impacts forming and developing the child attachment system.

The goal of this study was investigate coping strategies and mental health in autistic children mothers. 40 mothers with autistic child were selected from autism center consecutively. Information collected with SCL-90-R and Karror coping strategies checklist. The result showed that 27.5% of the mothers according to SCL-90-R had mental disease. Furthermore, there were not significant relations between problem solving and emotional coping strategies with mental health. However, there was significant relation between less sufficient and none effective coping strategies with mental health.