hamidreza mohammadi

Handicraft value chain is an economic system that includes a set of actors and business activities that trade with each other to evolve and trade the product from the primary producer to the final consumer and create economic value for each actor in the network. . . . In this research, the position of the value chain of handicrafts in the indicators of rural development and the state of tourism, as well as the preservation and revival of the rural identity of Ashrestaq village, Behshahr city, has been investigated. This research was conducted by distributing 210 sample questionnaires among local people and local experts related to research variables in the form of 3 questions and hypotheses, and the results were analyzed in SPSS software and with t-test. The results of the surveys show that the structure of the value chain of handicrafts has not had a great impact on the rural development of the studied area, but among the indicators, it has had the greatest relative impact on migration from village to village. This city also has a handicraft value chain that leads to the promotion of rural tourism indicators, but due to the relatively low average, its impact is not high. The value chain structure of handicrafts has also been effective in maintaining and revitalizing rural identity, but due to the relatively low average of some variables according to the respondents, it has had a negative impact on some indicators of rural identity preservation.

In recent years, with increasing application of electric vehicles, studies about fast-charging stations have received attention. One of the most important factors in the development of electric transportation is the availability of fast-charging stations. This paper examines the sizing and siting of fast-charging stations while taking into account how they will affect the traffic flow of urban transportation networks and the power quality indexes of the distribution network. On the other hand, the optimal usage of the reactive power compensation and active filtering capabilities of fast-charging station have been considered. In the proposed method, the harmonic power flow, staircase cost facility location model (SCFLM), and user-equilibrium traffic assignment for modeling constraints of distribution and transportation networks are used. The proposed model aims to reduce traveling time in the transportation network by considering a penalty cost for incremental road traffic congestion in the objective function. Also, the proposed model aims to improve the power quality of the distribution network. The proposed integer linear programming model is implemented in GAMS software and finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is shown using numerical results.

Hepatic cholestasis is a primary cause of liver failure and can lead to complications in other organs, including the kidneys. Kidney damage resulting from liver dysfunction is known as cholemic nephropathy. Oxidative stress is a key mechanism in causing this damage. Oxidative stress occurs when the ratio of free radicals to antioxidant enzymes is imbalanced, with free radicals prevailing. Medicinal plants are often used to treat and prevent diseases due to their antioxidant properties. Rutin (ROT), a bioflavonoid with antioxidant properties found in certain foods, may offer protective effects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of rutin on kidney damage following hepatic cholestasis in rats.

This experimental study included 50 Wistar rats, randomly divided into 5 experimental groups (n=10). Cholestasis was induced by ligating the common bile duct. Rutin was administered daily via gavage in different doses (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg) to the affected rats for 14 days. At the end of the intervention, the animals were anesthetized, tissue samples were collected, and serum and urine samples were obtained for further testing. Antioxidant enzyme activities, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were measured in kidney tissue homogenates using an ELISA kit, following the manufacturer’s instructions. For assessing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, 500 mg of kidney tissue was homogenized in 5 ml of cooled KCl solution. The protective effects of rutin were evaluated by analyzing serum biochemical factors (BUN and creatinine), urine parameters (glucose and protein), oxidative stress markers (ROS and MDA), and antioxidant enzyme activities (GPx, SOD, and CAT). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad software, with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test.

The study results showed that, following cholestasis induction, urinary biochemical factors (glucose and protein) significantly increased. However, rutin treatment significantly reduced urinary glucose and protein excretion (P<0.05). Additionally, in cholestatic animals, serum biochemical factors (BUN and creatinine) increased markedly compared to the control group, but following rutin administration, these biomarker levels significantly decreased compared to the cholestatic group (P<0.05). Oxidative stress marker analysis revealed that ROS and MDA levels were significantly elevated in the kidney tissues of cholestatic animals compared to controls; rutin treatment significantly reduced these levels in the treated group compared to the cholestatic group (P<0.05). Furthermore, GPx, CAT, and SOD enzyme activities were significantly reduced in the cholestatic group, but after rutin administration, these enzyme activities significantly increased compared to the cholestatic group (P<0.05).

The present study demonstrates that rutin administration, at various doses, had a beneficial effect in reducing serum and urinary factors and oxidative stress markers while enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity in kidney damage resulting from chronic liver failure.

Foreign policy is the use of political influence to persuade other countries to exercise their legislative power in the manner desired by the respective government. Geopolitics is a branch of geography and political science that deals with the planning of a country's security policy based on geographical factors. By analyzing these factors, geopolitics assesses the existing spheres of power and tries to relate a country's policy to them. Therefore, knowing these factors is essential in explaining the foreign policy of a country. In this article, with the analytical-descriptive method and the fuzzy Delphi technique, 11 academic and political elites have been selected in a snowball method to identify the fundamental geopolitical variables effective in foreign policy. The results of this research indicate that the geopolitical components affecting foreign policy are classified into two main categories, tangible and intangible. The tangible indicators are: (1) geographical location (2) population and manpower (3) natural resources (4) industrial and agricultural production capacity (5) military power. Intangible indicators are: (1) political, economic and social structure (2) educational and technical level (3) national spirit (4) international strategic position. Therefore, as long as there is politics in the world, geopolitics will remain an important consideration and influence in foreign policy.

Several investigations have reported the advantages and antioxidant properties of Carvacrol in neutralizing free radicals and mitigating oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of Carvacrol on liver damage induced by rifampin (Rif) in Wistar rats.

We employed a rat model to induce acute liver damage through the administration of Rif (100 mg/kg). Subsequently, varying doses of Carvacrol at 10, 50, or 100 mg/kg were orally administered to the rats for 28 days. Following this period, the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, and total protein in the rats’ serum samples were assessed. Further, the liver enzymes of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), as indicators of oxidative stress, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were quantified in the sera.

The Rif administration led to a significant elevation in the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and MDA and a reduction in tissue levels of antioxidant enzymes. Conversely, the administration of varying doses of Carvacrol resulted in a significant reduction in the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and MDA, while they significantly increased the tissue levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT in rats with Rif-induced liver lesions.

This study is a preliminary investigation of the hepatoprotective properties of Carvacrol against the harmful effects of Rif. A thorough understanding of this compound, the precise determination of its activity, and the pharmacological mechanisms involved require continued future research.

This paper aims to analyze and evaluate the objections raised by Ibn Taymiyya to the Hadith of Knowing the Imam (Ḥadīth al-Maʿrifa). In his work Minhāj al-Sunna, Ibn Taymiyya adopts a critical approach to Shiite beliefs and raises various objections to the chain of transmission and the interpretation of this hadith. For instance, he argues that the hadith, "He who dies without knowing the Imam of his time dies a death of ignorance," is not authoritative, that it refers only to those who fight against the Imam, that knowing the Imam is not a matter of faith, and that knowing a hidden or occulted Imam is of no benefit. This article adopts a descriptive-analytic method with a critical approach, examining Sunni sources and the views of scholars concerning the Hadith of Knowing the Imam to address Ibn Taymiyya’s claims. It concludes that his objections are unfounded, as religious doctrines establish that knowing the Imam is a religious matter, and an occulted Imam holds significance, such as the mediation of divine grace.

Cholemic nephropathy is one of the important and serious complications associated with chronic liver damage and bile duct obstruction. Finding drug solutions to alleviate this complication or prevent its occurrence can be of clinical importance. Since luteolin is an antioxidant and one of the mechanisms of cholemic nephropathy is the induction of oxidative stress, this study was designed to investigate the protective effect of luteolin (LUT) on cholemic nephropathy in cholestatic rats.

In this experimental study, 50 male Wistar rats were used. Cholestasis was induced by common bile duct ligation (BDL). Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 as follows: a control group, a BDL group, and groups that received different doses of LUT (15, 5, and 30 mg/kg/day) daily by gavage for 14 days in addition to BDL. After the end of this intervention, the effect of cholestasis induction and the protective effects of LUT on serum, urine, and kidney tissue oxidative stress indices were examined.

The present study showed that the levels of serum BUN and Cr, oxidative stress (MDA and ROS) indices in cholestatic rats were significantly increased compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Also, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx) in cholestatic rats was significantly decreased compared to the control group (P < 0.001).

It seems that LUT can be a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of renal damage caused by cholestasis by reducing oxidative stress and improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes.

Relations between Russia and the United States exemplify the geopolitical conflicts among international actors. The United States, guided by its national security strategy, has experienced significant fluctuations in its interactions with Russia across different presidential administrations. In recent decades, numerous governments have published strategic documents to articulate their country's position, role in the contemporary world, and the US government's approach to geopolitical challenges. These documents typically outline objectives, tools, and methods of implementation. The US national security strategy has consistently navigated between isolationist and internationalist perspectives, taking into account stable goals, economic capacity, geographical location, physical security, and the expansion of values. The most recent strategy document, released in 2022, illuminates the complex political, security, commercial, economic, technological, and geopolitical relationships between the US, Russia, and their allies during at least one presidential term. During the Biden administration, the US national security strategy has placed significant emphasis on Russia's geopolitical challenges, its conflict with Ukraine, and the ongoing geopolitical rivalry with the West. This study aims to explore and analyze these geopolitical challenges and competitions between the US and Russia across various dimensions from the perspective of the American national security strategy during the Biden administration. Consequently, the US's heightened concerns regarding Russia's behavior in geostrategic and geopolitical contexts necessitate their inclusion in the national security strategy.

This paper tries to analyze the national security strategy of the United States of America during the presidency of Joseph Robin Biden Jr. (known as Joe Biden 2020-2024) with the focus on Russia's geopolitical behavior in the face of geopolitical challenges and competitions in Russia. The research data gathering procedure is based on library findings including American National Security Strategy, 2022, as the focus of research and the American Defense Strategy, 2022, and the NATO Strategy 2022, the Russian National Security Strategy 2021. The method of analysis is based on logic, thinking, and geopolitical arguments. This research benefits from the opinions of experts and experts in the field of geopolitics, national security, and think tanks of the US about strategic documents regarding the geopolitical behavior of this country in the form of the challenger and geopolitical competition of the Russian Federation.

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has underscored the pivotal role of geopolitics in shaping global dynamics. This war, rooted in the strategic imperative of safeguarding Russia's territorial integrity and securing its western borders, has persisted, presenting a formidable geopolitical quandary for both the United States and Russia. The ongoing crisis in Ukraine has not only intensified existing geopolitical tensions but has also eroded Russia's influence over the Central Asian ex-Soviet states. Russia's interventionist foreign policy, characterized by geopolitical maneuvering and power plays, has raised concerns among key global players such as the United States, the European Union, and Asia. Central to Russia's geopolitical strategy is its adept utilization of energy geopolitics as a tool of influence, particularly in the European economic domain. As the world's leading exporter of oil and gas, Russia maintains significant energy ties with various European nations, as well as countries like China, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, and India when considering coal exports. This energy leverage has positioned Russia as a dominant player in the global energy landscape, granting it substantial geopolitical clout. The strategic documents of both the United States and NATO in 2022 unequivocally identify Russia as a primary threat to Western security and advocate for concerted action against Russian encroachment. According to NATO's strategic assessment, Russia poses a grave danger to the security and stability of the Atlantic region, with ambitions to disrupt the Eastern, Southern, and Northern NATO member states. One of the important challenges that have been addressed in the national security strategy of the United States is the interference of Russia and other countries opposed to the United States in the internal affairs of this country. American Democrats believe that Russia and its supporters have interfered in the presidential elections of this country in favor of Trump. In this regard, numerous researches and reports have followed for 4 years until 2020. Finally, this issue became clear to the American Congress, and the fact was that through cyber intrusions and assistance to WikiLeaks and various social networks, the Russians were able to have a negative effect. A part of the American national security strategy that is dedicated to supporting Ukraine in the war and after the warm issues such as aid in the continuation of the war, aid in post-war reconstruction, and cooperation with Ukraine to join the European Union are among them. The US National Security Strategy document puts: while some aspects of our approach will depend on the trajectory of the war in Ukraine, a number of elements are already known. First, the United States will continue to support Ukraine in its struggle for freedom, we will help Ukraine to recover economically, and we will encourage its regional integration with the EU.

The American National Security Strategy document presents Russia as an important geopolitical threat that is engaged in the geopolitical challenge, competition, and conflict with the Western bloc led by the United States and seeks to disrupt the international order and rules based on the realization of its geopolitical interests. According to different geopolitics experts, specialists in international relations, and regional studies, Russia's geopolitical behavior in Europe, Eurasia, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and in many geopolitical regions of the world depends on how the Russia’s war in Ukraine ends. This war and its end can shape the structure of the global and regional geopolitical system for coming decades and bring the geopolitical competition of the transitioning world closer to relative geopolitical stability. In this document, America's deep concern about Russia's geopolitical behavior in geostrategic territories and geopolitical regions of the world, especially in Europe and Eurasia, is evident. “The geopolitical imperative to reduce our collective dependence on countries like Russia that seek to use energy to threaten and coerce is intensifying,” this document states. The document argues that America and its allies have experienced a global energy crisis caused by the politicization of oil and gas resources controlled by Russia, which has been exacerbated by OPEC. In this strategic document, Russia is considered an immediate and continuous threat and challenge to the regional security order in Europe and is a source of disruption and instability in the geopolitics of the world system. The US national security strategy document and NATO Strategic document and the US defense security document which were written in 2022, Russia is considered a serious threat, challenge, and competitor for the Western bloc and the need to fight against Russia is inevitable.

Cancer occurs in 83% of liver diseases. Other risk factors for liver cancer include viral hepatitis, alcohol consumption, industrial chemicals, and a number of toxins. Another major disease that occurs following liver damage is hepatic encephalopathy. This condition arises primarily due to increased blood ammonia levels. Carvacrol, with antioxidant properties, reduces oxidative stress on the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of carvacrol on the improvement of hepatic encephalopathy in rats.

In this experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of 10 each. Liver damage and induction of oxidative stress were caused in the rats by administering thioacetamide (100 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for three consecutive days. Carvacrol was administered by gavage at 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day after thioacetamide treatment. We investigated the biomarkers of liver damage in the blood, such as alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, and bilirubin. We also assessed the effect of oxidative stress, as the key inducer of hepatic encephalopathy, on the liver by measuring the lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, reactive oxygen species, glutathione reserves, and ammonium levels in the serum and brain.

Thioacetamide significantly increased the biochemical markers in the rat sera, reflecting ammonium release and the development of oxidative stress (P<0.05). Conversely, the various doses of carvacrol significantly reduced the levels of biomarkers that are indicative of liver damage (P<0.05).

The study findings provided experimental evidence in favor of the therapeutic effects of carvacrol and against liver injury induced by thioacetamide, leading to encephalopathy.

Privacy is the circle and range in which the personal characteristics of people are protected and kept hidden. With the expansion of communication in the field of health, the issue of patients' image rights in media information has gained special importance. The purpose of this research is the jurisprudential study of the patient's image right in the mass media and to analyze the extent to which this right is observed in the news reports of Islamic Republic of Iran News Network. In this study, using the quantitative content analysis method, all the news reports related to patients in the period of 01/01 1402 until 06/31/1402 were broadcasted on the News Network and were reviewed. The results showed that the image rights of the patients were not respected in these reports and the most violations occurred in the intensive care unit (ICU) and during anesthesia of the patients. Also, the analysis of jurisprudential evidence indicates that it is forbidden to publish pictures of patients without their permission, based on rules such as sovereignty, preservation of honor and dignity, prohibition of surveillance and commitment to secrecy. On the other hand, according to articles 76, 87, and 88 of the general guide of professional ethics for medical professionals, information related to patients, including taking pictures and filming the patient and publishing it at the public level, is subject to the patient's permission. Therefore, the national media should consider it obligatory to obtain their direct permission to publish pictures of the patients.

As one of the key countries in the Middle East and home to two of the most important cities in the Islamic world, developments in Saudi Arabia inevitably impact the broader Muslim world. However, the nature of political legitimacy, acceptance, and the challenges faced by the government remain uncertain. Moreover, understanding the relationship between the people, religion, and the state in this monarchy is crucial. Approximately 50% of Saudi Arabia's population consists of young people. Managing this segment of society presents a significant political, economic, social, and cultural challenge for the Al Saud regime. If the government fails to control the energy and frustration of these youths, it seems likely that the foundations of the regime could become unstable. This could potentially lead to the rise of social movements in Saudi Arabia. As witnessed during the Arab uprisings of 2011, the possibility of a domino effect in the region exists. Additionally, given the secular behaviors the government is employing to manage this situation, it appears that the relationship between religion and the state in Saudi Arabia is changing. Should this phenomenon continue, the social contract itself may also evolve. Even if social movements emerge in the country, analyzing and predicting their nature from local, national, regional, and even global perspectives is of great importance.

The present research adopts a qualitative methodology with a descriptive-analytical and historical approach. Data collection involved documentary-library research and interviews. The study also utilizes books, academic and research articles, both domestic and international, as well as online resources to answer the research questions. The data analysis strategy is inductive.

The government of Saudi Arabia was established in 1932 based on the ideology of Wahhabism and the Al Saud tribe, and these two pillars have remained the foundation of the state until today. The rise to power of Mohammad bin Salman can be seen as the pinnacle of the liberal movement's ascension against the Wahhabis and the Muslim Brotherhood. With the changes introduced by Mohammad bin Salman in recent years, it appears that Wahhabism and the monarchy may no longer continue. The alteration of this alliance poses a significant threat to the future of the Al Saud regime. Therefore, these changes are being implemented cautiously and gradually. Distancing from religion is a major risk that could lead to challenges for the future of Saudi Arabia. The underlying framework of Saudi Arabia's political and social order is based on Sharia, specifically Wahhabism. This is an inseparable part of the country's character and the foundation of the legitimacy of its political and social order. The Saudi government neither created nor inherited religious institutions. In this country, religious elites and politicians have cooperated for many years to establish and protect the state. This explains the overlap between religious and political discourses and also highlights the reason behind the opposition of religious clerics to certain secular actions taken by the government. The Saudi regime derives its legitimacy from Islam.The king, as the ruler, is responsible for enforcing Islamic laws, and the constitution repeatedly emphasizes the implementation of Islam. Saudi Arabia is known for three things: its unique position in the Middle East, being the world's largest oil exporter, and hosting pilgrims to the Holy Kaaba and the Prophet's Mosque. The religious role remains a high priority for the people. However, with the rise of bin Salman, Wahhabi institutions and movements have become isolated, gradually losing their power, and government policies have leaned towards secularism. Examples of this include the decline of the religious police, changes in the role of women in society, shifts in academic institutions, and the organization of events and festivals where Islamic symbols are absent, such as the Riyadh Season.

Iconography, as a spiritual factor and a force gravitating toward the center, is most prominently represented in Saudi Arabia by religion (Wahhabism), which has solidified the state's current structure. However, the government, through its recent actions, has sought to change its relationship with religion, opting for a different narrative of Wahhabism, which it refers to as "moderate Islam." Given the historical background of the Saudi people and the importance of religion and tradition in this country, this shift will likely lead to centrifugal tendencies among the citizens. Initially, it will create dissatisfaction among the people, and secondly, it will integrate citizens into the global context. This will result in a form of dislocation that has not been experienced in Saudi Arabia until now. With the new policies adopted by the Al Saud regime, religion's ability to serve as a unifying force is weakened, turning it into a centrifugal factor. In reality, the iconographic factor has transformed into circulation. Now, with the new religious policies, the government intends to no longer accept Wahhabism as the source of its legitimacy and instead seeks to adopt moderate Islam as its legitimacy factor. Until now, Saudi Arabia has positioned itself as the standard-bearer of Islam, as evidenced by the first article of the country's constitution. Therefore, neither bin Salman nor any other ruler in this country can govern outside the framework of Islamic laws or norms. Bin Salman is aware that he cannot change the country's constitution, or if such a change were to occur, it would come at a high cost with an uncertain future. Therefore, he is seeking to construct a new narrative of Islam, called moderate Islam, to govern based on the same Islamic laws created by himself and his allies. It seems that if bin Salman fails in this endeavor, the legitimacy of the state will face challenges, particularly in the eyes of various social groups and especially the religious elite.

Otocephaly is a rare, congenital, fatal defect and the result of the abnormal formation of the first brachial arch, which is introduced by hypoplasia or aplasia in the three structures of the mouth, lower jaw, tongue, and deviation of the ears towards the midline. There is limited information on the origin of this defect in animals, which indicates the existence of a relationship between the occurrence of the said defect and the PRRX1 andOTX2 genes. In a semi-intensive sheep farm in Bastam city (Semnan, Iran), a live mixed-breed lamb was examined immediately after birth. The studied lamb had mouth hypoplasia, lower jaw aplasia, tongue aplasia, anophthalmia, and cleft palate. In the mentioned lamb, there was no deviation of the ears towards the middle line of the body. The studied lamb died 10 minutes after birth. According to the findings recorded during the examination, it seems that the studied lamb had an autocephaly defect.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred treatment for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI); however, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) remains a critical issue post-PCI. Serum uric acid (SUA) has emerged as a biomarker linked to cardiovascular events and may be associated with LVEF. This study aims to investigate the relationship between SUA levels and LVEF in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI and identify potential biomarkers for predicting patient outcomes.  This prospective study was conducted at Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences of Yazd, from September 2019 to March 2021. Participants included 254 consecutive ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary PCI. Exclusion criteria were contraindications for angiography, history of myocardial infarction, PCI, CABG, NSTEMI, thrombolytic treatment, kidney diseases, gout, or alcoholism. Demographic data, clinical history, SUA levels, and echocardiographic parameters were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0, with significance at p<0.05.  81.49% of patients were male, with a mean age of 57.7±11.47 years. Hypertension was the most prevalent condition (42.9%). SUA levels did not significantly differ between patients with LVEF below and above 40% (p=0.39). However, smoking was significantly associated with reduced LVEF (p<0.001). A weak negative correlation between SUA and LVEF was observed in males (p=0.012) but not in females (p=0.097). Overall, a weak negative correlation between SUA and LVEF was statistically significant (p=0.05).  Our findings revealed a weak but statistically significant overall negative correlation between SUA and EF. Further research with larger, more diverse populations is necessary to elucidate the relationship between SUA and cardiac function in STEMI patients.

Paraquat is one of the chemical herbicides with high toxicity. In case of incorrect consumption, this chemical causes fatal poisoning in people, especially those active in the field of agriculture. Nowadays, using compounds of natural origin to improve or reduce the harmful effects of agricultural pesticides is one of the important issues that has attracted the attention of researchers in this field. Quercetin as a natural flavonoid is found in large quantities in fruits and vegetables. As a kind of natural antioxidant, this compound has great power in removing free radicals. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the protective effects of quercetin on ovarian toxicity caused by paraquat in rats.

To conduct this experimental research, 30 adult Wistar rats with an average age of 6 to 8 months and a weight range of 160 to 180 gr were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups including 6 rats in each group. Paraquat (1.25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was injected into mice. Then quercetin was injected intraperitoneally in concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. The negative control group received only normal saline. After 24 hours, the animals were sacrificed and their ovaries were evaluated for changes in oxidative stress indices.

The results showed that paraquat significantly increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein carbonyl, and lipid peroxidation, and significantly decreased glutathione content and survival of ovarian tissue cells when compared with the control group (P<0.001). The results showed that different concentrations of quercetin could inhibit the lipid peroxidation reaction caused by paraquat toxicity, and the positive control group had a statistically significant difference compared to the negative control group (P<0.001). By administering quercetin in different concentrations, we saw a decrease in the production of lipid peroxidation. From a statistical point of view, quercetin at the concentration (mg/kg) of 50 had a significant difference with the positive control group (P<0.01) and this significant difference was also evident at the concentrations of (mg/kg) 100 and 200 (P<0.0001). Increasing the concentration of quercetin was associated with improved performance in inhibiting paraquat toxicity.

Results showed that quercetin can be useful as an effective antioxidant combination in improving oxidative stress indicators and ovarian tissue of mice. Quercetin can reduce paraquat-induced oxidative damage in rat ovarian tissues in a dose-dependent manner. Quercetin can potentially be used to control ovarian toxicity, modulate or inhibit oxidative factors, strengthen the immune system, and strengthen the antioxidant system in animal models. Probably, it can be used as a kind of safe supplement in combination with other drugs affecting the immune system. However, this hypothesis along with the effect of other drug interactions should be confirmed using appropriate in vivo studies. Understanding the process of cell death caused by paraquat and the inhibitory effect of natural antioxidants on it provides a new road map for future studies to develop new therapeutic strategies.

One of the rights of the accused based on articles 91 and 96 of the Criminal Procedure Code is not to disclose and publish his identity during the preliminary investigation of the crime. But sometimes, apart from the cases permitted by law, the media publish their pictures during the preliminary investigation stage by shading the faces of the accused. Now, the problem of the current research is that by making the image of the accused in the news reports, the ban on publishing their image in the mass media will be removed? Therefore, this research aims to identify or not identify the identity of the accused after blurring the image of the accused among the television audience, and next, the jurisprudence and legal feasibility of publishing these images in news reports has been examined. It should be mentioned that the information related to the background, jurisprudence and legal evidence and the research results section were collected using the library document method and the data related to the measurement of the identification rate of the accused among the target groups were collected using the experimental method and for the analysis of the statistical data, the statistical method was also used. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used. The results of the statistical analysis show that distorting the image of the defendants in news reports does not prevent their identification among the television audience, and based on jurisprudential evidence, including the principle of innocence, protection of privacy, the rule of law and the prohibition of surveillance, the publication of these images is prohibited and the publishers of these The images are subject to legal prosecution for the crime of revealing occupational and professional secrets.

Knee osteoarthritis is an important age-related public health issue characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage and as a result functional impairment, disability and reduced quality of life. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of an Orem-based self-care educative supportive nursing system on the quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

This semi-experimental study was conducted on 130 patients with knee osteoarthritis, who were selected as available samples and randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. In addition to demographic characteristics, information related to patients’ quality of life was collected using EQ-5D questionnaire. With the help of Oram’s health status checklist, first, self-care deficiencies were determined as nursing diagnoses. Then, based on that, the educational support system that includes education, consultation and follow-up of the patients were done for the patients of the intervention group. The interventions were carried out during 6 weeks (every week a session of 45-60 min). Data were collected before and three months after the intervention. The data were analysed using SPSS21 software through descriptive and inferential statistics (p=0.05).

The overall score of quality of life in the intervention and control groups before the intervention was 48.4±13.1 and 45.8±12.9, respectively; however, it increased to 70.2±19.4 and 61.8±17.6 after the intervention, respectively. In other words, there was a significant difference between the mean score of quality of life dimensions in the intervention and control groups after the intervention (p<0.05).

According to the results of this study, Orem’s self-care model has had a positive significant effect on subjects’ quality of life.

Arthralgia is the most common complaint of people with knee osteoarthritis. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilities on the pain intensity of people with knee osteoarthritis.

In this semi-experimental intervention research, 50 people suffering from knee osteoarthritis referred to the orthopedic centers of Darab City in 2021 were selected through convenience sampling. They were assigned to the intervention and control groups using random block allocation. In the intervention group, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilities exercises were performed over eight weeks and two sessions each week for 30-45 minutes. A visual analog scale was used to assess pain intensity three times before the intervention, during the fourth week, and at the end of the intervention. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 and the repeated measurement ANOVA test.

There was no statistically significant difference in the mean pain intensity scores of the two groups Before the intervention(p<0.05). However, the patients receiving proprioceptive neuromuscular facilities reported significantly less pain intensity than those in the control group after the intervention (P=0.001).

The results could serve as a basis for further research on non-pharmacological interventions, such as Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation. If confirmed by additional studies, these exercises can be utilized as a non-pharmacological technique alongside pharmaceutical methods to alleviate the pain experienced by patients with knee osteoarthritis, which is one of their primary and common complaints.

In relation to the housing of the disadvantaged, the possibility of access to a suitable housing for every Iranian household in accordance with the household's needs in such a way that the housing concern does not exceed other areas of the household's life and stable and safe access to the household's housing is also guaranteed, showing the ideal vision of the housing sector in documentary studies, is related to disadvantaged groups. The purpose of this study is to achieve the set of strategies and the general form of realistic and effective programs in the field of housing support for the deprived and low-income groups, which, while determining the limits and type of government intervention in relation to housing and different economic groups, will make the target groups enjoy support programs faster. This study is based on the combined model of SWOT strategic analysis and QSPM strategic planning model and examines the findings of studies and the results of interviews with experts in the field of geography and urban planning. SWOT analysis showed that 1- Ignoring the lack of simultaneous use of the process of management and operation of low-income housing based on the participation of local social institutions and non-governmental organizations 2- Lack of necessary knowledge or disregard for the diversity of needs of the deprived and disregard for Special Characteristics of Target Groups 3. The imbalance between the benefits of different individuals in different groups in relation to support programs has led to the inefficiency of the policies of the deprived and the enjoyment of supportive housing for this group. "Empowerment programs" and "Attracting participation by exploiting local capacity and internal capacities by developing and diversifying empowerment", along with a general balancing policy to increase capacity in non-governmental sectors based on household participation. Faster households have support programs Provides housing and participation of all stakeholders in planning.

Gastric cancer, which is considered a main global health concern, is the sixth most frequent cancer and the second cancer-related death worldwide. This survey was designed to systematically review the anti-gastric cancer effect of all the organic and inorganic nanoparticles in in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. The investigation followed the PRISMA guidelines and the findings were recorded in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Facility (SyRF) database. We searched the publications in various English databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed and Google Scholar with no specified publication time frame to obtain papers regarding the anti-gastric cancer properties of nanoparticles. The following terms including: “nanoparticles”, “gastric cancer”, “anti-gastric cancer”, “metal nanoparticles”, “organic nanoparticles”, “inorganic nanoparticles “, in vitro”, clinical” and “in vivo” were applied in this study. Out of 11189 papers, 31 papers including 19 in vitro (45.5%), 3 in vivo (13.6%), 3 clinical trials (13.6%), and 6 in vitro / in vivo (27.3%) up to 2023 met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review. The most widely used nanoparticles were organic nanoparticles such as polylactic acid, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) (16, 80.0%), followed by inorganic nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles (13, 41.9.0%). This review study showed the high anti-gastric cancer potential of a wide range of organic and non-organic NPs through their activity through some mechanisms such as induction of apoptosis, gene therapy, drug delivery, etc. However, more studies, especially in a clinical setting, are needed to confirm their anti-gastric effects and accurate mechanisms.

"Islamic tradition" in the field of science is a valuable heritage of revelations, along with the achievements of Muslim thinkers, which are available to us today and have been given more attention and tools of analysis and analysis than in the past with the cultural approaches that require ecological perspective. This tradition is full of propositions and treasures that formed the "scientific culture" and can be revived and serve the movement of Islamic natural, social and human sciences. In order to identify and illustrate one of the fields of scientific design and bioculture, the present article analyzed the book of Tazkira al−Sami and al−Mutaklam Ibn Jama'ah, using the method of theme analysis, with 317 codes, 36 organizing themes (themes obtained by combining and summarizing the basic themes) and 4 themes. He has extracted the comprehensive (higher topics including the principles governing the text as a whole) and drawn the network of topics. The findings show that "value−oriented scientific culture" is the ruler and environment in the field of science and education in the Islamic approach, and with its establishment, there is a possibility and probability of producing natural sciences based on Islamic and Quranic teachings.

Ectopia cordis is a congenital anomaly. In this disorder, the heart is located completely or partly outside its original location in the chest. This deformity has three cervical, thoracic, and abdominal forms and the neck form is the most common form. Up to now, many factors such as genetic defects, the receipt of chemical products (mercury, cocaine, ethanol), the consumption of teratogenic plants, exposures to radiation, infectious agents (such as BVD virus), and the use of medications (calcium suppressants) have been known factors in Ectopia cordis occurrence. Immediately after birth, a female Holestein was referred to a veterinarian clinic in Semnan City Iran,. During the clinical examination, according to the location of the heart outside the body and under the sternum, ectopia cordis anomaly was detected.

The prevalence of Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) varies from 0.3 to 5% in different countries. The prevalence of CAE has varied in different parts of the world and the study of risk factors can be effective in the process of diagnosis and treatment of patients, we reviewed patients who underwent coronary angiography for 5 years to determine the prevalence of isolated CAE and its associated risk factors.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 16600 patients who underwent coronary angiography at Shahid Sadoughi and Afshar hospitals between March 2015 to April 2020. Diagnosis and confirmation of CAE was defined as a vessel diameter greater than 1.5 times the normal diameter of the vessel, which must be confirmed by at least two cardiologists. Demographic variables, angiography and echocardiography reports were included in our final analysis.

Isolated CAE was diagnosed in 287 (1.7%) patients. After triple-vessel disease (53%), the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was the commonest affected vessel by ectasia 16% (46 cases). Diffuse isolated CAE was diagnosed in 52% of LAD, 76.6% of Right coronary artery (RCA), and 74.1% of left circumflex artery. A significant association was seen between the vessel involved and the nature of ectasia (p<0.001).

In our study, the occurrence of isolated CAE was similar to other studies. This condition often affects all three major vessels of the coronary arteries, and is commonly categorized as type 1, which involves diffuse involvement of the arteries based on the Markis and Harikrishnan Classification.

Releasing the picture of the accused during the preliminary investigation stage of the crime, according to articles 91 and 96 of the Criminal Procedure Code approved in 2012, is subject to criminal liability, in some cases it can also conform to the jurisprudentially unlawful titles. On the other hand, to fulfill the function of informing, the media needs to take pictures of the accused in the preliminary investigation stage of the crime and since it is legally and judicially forbidden to release the pictures, they pixelate and then release the picture of the accused. Therefore, this research investigated in the first step, the effect of blurring the face of the accused in recognizing their identity in the news reports of the 18.30 national media in the period of 1400-1401. In the next step, using the documentary-library method, the feasibility of application of the title of backbiting in the release of these pictures was investigated. The results of the statistical analysis showed that blurring the picture of the accused has no effect on not identifying their identity in the news reports. As a result, the release of these pictures results to revealing the attributive deficiencies of the accused to be revealed. If it is so, then it will be an instance of backbiting, if not, the sentence of accusation will follow.

 Cholemic nephropathy (CN), a renal dysfunction caused by bile acids, is a severe complication of chronic liver damage and bile duct ligation (BDL), which may lead to complete kidney failure.

 This study investigated the protective effect of ellagic acid on CN in cholestatic rats.

 Sixty male Wistar rats weighing about 180 - 200 g were randomly divided into 6 groups for in vivo investigation. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10. Cholestasis was induced in rats by closing the bile ducts; then, the animals were treated with different doses of ellagic acid (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg). Then, the induction effect of cholestasis and the protective effects of ellagic acid on serum and urinary factors, oxidative stress indices, and histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissue were investigated.

 Bile duct ligation in rats led to an increase in serum and urinary factors. It was also associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) oxide form, decrease in antioxidant systems, GSH and severe histopathological changes, and fibrosis of the liver and kidney tissues. Another finding of this research was the beneficial effect of ellagic acid in improving serum and urinary factors, oxidative stress indices, and histopathological changes.

 Due to its antioxidant properties, ellagic acid can potentially serve as a novel therapeutic approach for treating kidney damage caused by increased serum levels of bile acids.

Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including sudden cardiac death, especially in young people. A different prevalence has been reported based on the USED diagnostic modality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and type of these anomalies using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).

This single-center retrospective study was performed on 3016 consecutive cases who underwent CCTA for cardiac symptoms from March 2015 to August 2020 and the prevalence and types of CAAs were evaluated.

38 cases (overall prevalence of 1.26%) including 21 men (55.3%) and 17 women (44.7%) were retrospectively diagnosed with CAAs. The most common anomalies were the Anomalous origin of LCX from the right coronary sinus (11 cases, 28.9%), Anomalous origin of RCA from the left coronary sinus (11 cases, 28.9%), and Anomalous origin of LM from the right coronary sinus (6 cases, 15.8%). There was no difference in the prevalence of CAAs in terms of patient’s gender (P value=0.16) and age (P value=0.61).

The prevalence of CAAs among patients who underwent CCTA was 1.26%. The most common anomalies observed were the anomalous origin of the LCX arising from the right coronary sinus, the anomalous origin of the RCA arising from the left coronary sinus, and the anomalous origin of the LM arising from the right coronary sinus. These findings emphasize the importance of CCTA in detecting and characterizing coronary artery anomalies, which may have clinical implications for patient management and treatment decisions.