hassan khojasteh

This study aimed to compare macular vascular changes one and three months after treatment with either panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) or intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB).

A total of 62 eyes with very severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy or early proliferative diabetic retinopathy without center-involved diabetic macular edema, were included in this retrospective study. Thirty-nine eyes were allocated to the PRP group, while 23 eyes were treated with IVB. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed to measure foveal avascular zone (FAZ) characteristics as well as the densities of superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP and DCP).

In the IVB group, the FAZ area and perimeter expanded at month one but returned to baseline level after three months. In the PRP group, however, the FAZ area and perimeter were rather steady. Changes in the FAZ area were significantly different between the treatment groups at month one (P = 0.02), but not at month three (P = 0.31). There was no significant difference in the change in FAZ circularity index between the two groups at each time point (P = 0.55 and P = 0.31). Similarly, changes in SCP density were not statistically significant between the two groups at both time points (all Ps > 0.05). A comparison of the two treatment arms based on the mean change in DCP density revealed a significant difference at month one, but not at month three (P = 0.01 and P = 0.49, respectively).

Although bevacizumab and PRP have different short-term macular vascular responses, both therapies have the ability to normalize or stabilize vascular measures over time.

To evaluate the safety of intravitreal injection of Stivant, a biosimilar to bevacizumab, in rabbits using electrophysiological and histological analysis.

Both eyes of 41 New Zealand albino rabbits were injected with 0.1 mL (2.5 mg) of Stivant. The rabbits were scheduled to be sacrificed 1, 2, 7, 14, and 28 days after injection for histopathological evaluations. Clinical examinations and electroretinography (ERG) were performed at baseline and just before sacrificing the rabbits. Fourteen separate rabbits received a reference drug (Avastin) and were considered as the control group. Furthermore, three other rabbits received the same volume of saline (saline control group). Rabbits of both control groups were sacrificed four weeks after injection. ERG was performed 1, 2, 7, 14, and 28 days after injections.

No significant difference was observed in a- and b-wave amplitudes and latency after intravitreal Stivant injection between baseline and different time points. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in wave amplitudes and latency between the Stivant and control groups. The histology of rabbit eyes of the Stivant and control groups after intravitreal injections was not distinguishable.

The biosimilar Stivant, up to a dose of 2.5 mg, did not appear to be toxic to the retina in albino rabbits. These results suggest that this drug could be a safe and inexpensive alternative to intravitreal bevacizumab. The efficacy of these injections was not investigated in this study and needs to be evaluated in future studies.

To report a case of refractory ocular hypotony due to chronic Behcet’s disease with good response to high-dose topical latanoprost.

We present a 26-year-old man with a known history of Behcet’s disease who developed decreasing vision and severe ocular hypotony that was refractory to multiple treatment modalities including subtenon triamcinolone acetonide, ibopamine, pars plana vitrectomy, and silicone oil injection. We decided to try high-dose topical latanoprost for the management of ocular hypotony based on recent reports. After six months, intraocular pressure (IOP) increased by 5 mm Hg, became stable at 7 mm Hg, and remained unchanged at month 24.

High-dose topical latanoprost could lead to significant increase in IOP in uveitis-induced refractory ocular hypotony.

Professional organizations in the present age need a set of ethical principles related to the profession and the field of their mission and activity to improve their performance. According to researchers and experts in the field of communications and media, the lack of a code of conduct and professional ethics is one of the significant shortcomings in the media system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present article seeks to provide an indigenous model and theory in the field of "media professional ethics" and "media norm" and to enrich the relevant literature in this field. The method of the present study is classified as a part of qualitative methods in the paradigm of interpretiveness and in terms of data collection, group interviews, focused and in-depth, as well as a questionnaire have been used used at different levels of headquarters and staff of media performance areas (managers, programmers and experts) with targeted sampling. In this article, an attempt has been made by using the theoretical and methodological foundations of research and by reviewing theories, patterns, five principles in ethics, and six theories of media norm and by referring to the principles and teachings of Islam, the "Principles of professional ethics of the media in the Islamic Republic of Iran" will be elaborated

Iran is a country that is constantly threatened by natural disasters. The clear of main policy of media activities in these situations can lead to better control and management of the crisis. Because, Lack of media policies, The crisis will lead to more costs and delay in management. The Flood Experience of Nowruz 98 made it even more necessary to define these policies. This research has been examined by the content-quality analysis methodology, the minutes of the Committee for the Coordination of Flood Information, based at the Ministry of the Interior. The results of this study are presented as six main policies that have been reviewed and verified by expert judgment.

The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the social media users' literacy by telegraphic case study. Research data was gathered among users in social media using a researcher-made questionnaire with twenty four classes in the field of media literacy. Data analysis is done on two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study showed that the average media literacy of media literacy indexes from the 20th rank was equal to the analysis of the message (355.12), the truth of the message (12.29), self-regulation (11.667), the interpretation of the message (535/11), curiosity (146/10), explanation (131/10), which in total media literacy of social media users equals (11357/11). Media literacy was not the same in the users' gender. In addition, there was a significant difference between education and field of study and the type of university users with their media literacy rate. Other results showed a direct (positive) relation between the age of their media literate users and the negative (negative) relation between the use of telegram and media literacy among users. Also, according to the regression test, two variables of education were (0.217) and telegram usage (586.0) was the explanatory factor for media literacy. Finally, the level of media literacy in social media (social media telegram) among users is moderate to high of about 567%

The media sphere* is full of opportunities and challenges. A proper understanding and recognition of them provides the chance for confrontation or utilization. All of these stem from the existence of drives, which affect interaction between the internal and external environments of the sphere. Some of these drives are common throughout the world and some might belong to a specific media sphere. As in our sphere, ideas and narrations different from the globally dominant ones are among important factors or drives in developments of this sphere and existence of opportunities and challenge ensuring from it. There are several challenges in our media sphere that can be considered from a strategic approach. From this point of view, each of them is a strategic problem preventing the media from performing their duties competently, national media in particular. This paper intends to remind challenges of the media sphere as strategic problems or plights, the solution of which is explainable within this same framework.

The present paper tries to show how Western media through promoting a kind ofWestern feminism has potential for changing cultural patterns in Iranian society.Considering the master force role of the mass media, one can argue that IRIB can alsoworks as a role model for changing cultural pattern in Iranian society according toIslamic values.