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فهرست مطالب نویسنده:

iraj mohammad-pour

  • Akbar Noorbakhsh, Iraj Mohammadpour, Meisam Khazaei, Gholamreza Ghazipour, Ali Soleimani, Mohammadhossein Motazedian *
    Background

    Intestinal parasitic infections pose a significant public health challenge in developing countries, with children being particularly susceptible. The prevalence of these infections varies across communities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among students in 12 primary schools on Kish Island, Iran, and to evaluate the infection status of family members of infected students.

    Methods

    A cross-sectional study was conducted on 443 students aged 7‒12 years in Kish Island, southern Iran, from May 2016 to 2017. Stool samples from 179 boys (40.4%) and 264 girls (40.4%) across 12 primary schools were examined for evidence of parasitic infections using direct wet mount, formalin ethyl acetate, and trichrome stain methods. Modified Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining was used to detect coccidian parasites. Conventional PCR was also employed to identify the genotype of Giardia lamblia. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.

    Results

    The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 5.2%. The highest incidence rate was found in Entamoeba coli (2.0%), followed by Giardia lamblia (1.6%). The prevalence rate of infection was significantly correlated with the type of drinking water (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections between males and females (P>0.05). In this study, the genotypes of Giardia lamblia were molecularly characterized by studying the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene. This study represents the first molecular characterization of G. lamblia in children on Kish Island, with sequence analysis revealing assemblage B (BIII 100.0%).

    Conclusion

    This study indicates a low prevalence of parasitic infections in a sensitive population (children) on Kish Island. The prevalence of Giardia lamblia, a more pathogenic parasite, was quite low in our study. This cross-sectional study was conducted on all island residents; no significant difference was observed among them.

    Keywords: Intestinal Parasites, Kish Island, Primary School Students
  • Nasir AREFKHAH, Bahador SARKARI*, Qasem ASGARI, Abdolali MOSHFE, MohammadHasan KHALAFI, Iraj MOHAMMADPOUR
    Background

    We aimed to detect Toxoplasma gondii in ovine aborted fetuses and evaluate its genetic variations in the southwest of Iran.

    Methods

    This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 aborted ovine fetuses collected from the different region of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran, in lambing season during 2017 and 2018. DNA was extracted from the brain samples of all of the aborted fetuses and PCR amplified, targeting a 529 bp repetitive element gene of T. gondii. Moreover, to find out the heterogeneity of the positive samples, PCR-DNA amplification of the two main genetic markers, B1 and GRA6, of T. gondii were performed. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed, using the BLAST program and MEGA-X software.

    Results

    The 529 bp gene of T. gondii was detected in 2 out of 100 (2%) of the ovine aborted samples. The sequences analysis of GRA6 and B1 genes revealed that both isolates from the aborted fetuses of sheep belonged to type I of T. gondii. Intra-divergence was more seen in GRA6 gene whereas less divergence was observed in B1 gene.

    Conclusion

    Congenital infection with Type I of T. gondii during the neonatal period is associated with abortion in ovine. Evaluation of more aborted samples from broader geographical areas is needed to elucidate the molecular epidemiology and also the genotypes of T. gondii associated with abortion.

    Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Ovine aborted fetuses, Sequence analysis, Iran
  • Mohsen Kalantari, Qasem Asgari, Khadijeh Rostami, Shahrbano Naderi, Iraj Mohammadpour, Masoud Yousefi, Mohammad Hassan Davami, Kourosh Azizi *
    Background
    Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were identified in female university students referred to Valie-Asr hospital of Mamasani from Azad and Payame-Noor Universities, using serological and molecular methods.
    Methods
    Based on the prevalence and characteristics method, 504 serum samples were collected from female university students, during 2015, and evaluated by Enzyme-Linked Immun-Sorbent Assay (ELISA), Modified Agglutination Test (MAT), and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based on B1 gene for detection of Toxoplasma gondii. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software.
    Results
    Out of 504 studied female students, 27 (5.36%) and 36 (7.14%)  cases were found to be positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies by MAT and ELISA, respectively. Moreover, 5 (0.99%) cases were found to be positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgM. PCR detected the Toxoplasma DNA in 58 out of 504 (11.51%) samples.
    Conclusions
    Findings of the current study revealed that Toxoplasma was a common infection among female university students in Mamasani district in Fars province. Seronegative individuals are at risk for the disease, as well as congenital toxoplasmosis in later stages of their life. Preventive measures should be taken to reduce the rate of infection.
    Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, PCR, ELISA, MAT, Iran
  • Qasem ASGARI, Iraj MOHAMMADPOUR *, Razieh PIRZAD, Mohsen KALANTARI, Mohammad Hossein MOTAZEDIAN, Shahrbanou NADERI
    Background
    Toxoplasmosis is a global zoonotic disease that causes critical medical complications in neonates and immunocompromised persons. Infection rates in cats, specifically stray cats, are believed to be the best sentry of the level of Toxoplasma gondii in the environment. Therefore, in this study, we surveyed T. gondii infection in stray cats of Shiraz, one of the metropolises of Iran.
    Methods
    The appearance of antibodies and DNA of T. gondii in samples from 145 stray cats was determined in order to appraise the prevalence of T. gondii infection, by MAT and Nested-PCR.
    Results
    The rate of T. gondii infection in the cats was 69% by PCR and 82.8% by MAT. Besides, the highest rate of infection was discerned in diaphragm (37.9%) and intercostal muscle (34.5%), while the lowest rate was related to ileum (6.9%). Moreover, the similarity between MAT with titers 1:20, 1:40 and PCR were 79.2% and 86.2%, respectively (P=0.02 and P=0.0001).
    Conclusion
    Nested-PCR and MAT are valuable techniques for molecular and serological detection of T. gondii. The prevalence of T. gondii infection in stray cats in Shiraz is high.
    Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Stray cats, MAT, Nested-PCR, Iran
  • Behnam Mohammadi- Ghalehbin, GholamReza Hatam *, Iraj Mohammad-Pour, Nafise Ghobakhloo, Faeze Foroughi- Parvar
    Background

    There are many genera of free-living amoeba in the environment, but members of only four genera (Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia and Sappinia) have an association with human infection. Water, soil and air are main sources of infective types of these pathogenic organisms for human.

    Methods

    Totally, 30 samples were collected from the surface water sources of Shiraz city, the capital of Fars province, during July and August 2009. The samples were filtered and their sediments were cultured on non-nutrient agar medium and seeded with non-pathogen Escherichia coli. Then, they were incubated at three different temperatures, 22˚C, 37˚C, and 44˚C. The media were checked with invert microscopy and amoebae were recognized by phase–contrast microscopy and observed by light microscopy after Trichrome staining. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for molecular detection.

    Results

    Of the 30 samples, 29 were recognized morphologically as Acanthamoeba, the characteristics of 20 of which were confirmed by PCR. The growth rate of amoeba in 22˚C was more than 37˚C. Eight of the samples grew at 44˚C, but flagellate forming test and PCR were negative for Naegleria fowleri. Two of them were identified morphologically as Balamuthia and Sappinia.

    Conclusion

    Since Fars province is located in the subtropical region where there are a lot of parks and green areas with surface water, the potential risk of diseases caused by free-living amoebae should be considered. Further investigations about various aspects of these important opportunistic protozoa are recommended especially for establishment of appropriate prevention tools.

    Keywords: Surface water, Acanthamoeba, Shiraz
  • Bahador Sarkari, Qasem Asgari *, Neda Bagherian, Soheil Ashkani Esfahani, Mohsen Kalantari, Iraj Mohammadpour, Majid Ashrafmansori, Maryam Amerinia, Fatemeh Sabet Sarvestani
    Background
    Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. This parasite infects most of warm-blooded animals, including birds. Turkeys are one of these animals which might be infected by this parasite. Little is known about the prevalence of T. gondii in turkeys in Iran..
    Objectives
    The current study aimed to evaluate the rate of Toxoplasma infection in turkeys in Fars Province, Southern Iran..
    Materials And Methods
    Sera and tissues (brain, neck and tongue) of 54 turkeys were collected from Shiraz slaughterhouse in Fars province. Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were assessed in the collected sera using modified agglutination test (MAT), while tissues were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bioassay methods..
    Results
    T. gondii antibodies (MAT titer: ≥ 1:40) were found in 89.8% of turkeys. T. gondii DNA was detected in 61.6% of turkey tissues and brain had the highest rate of infection. Brain tissues from each animal were bioassayed and Toxoplasma tissue cysts were found in 11.5% and Toxoplasma DNA in 62% of inoculated mice..
    Conclusions
    Results of this study validated a relatively high level of Toxoplasma infection in reared turkeys and turkey meat might be considered as an infection sources for human..
    Keywords: Toxoplasma, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Biological Assay, Turkeys
  • Mohammad Hassan Davami, Mohammad Hossein Motazedian, Mohsen Kalantari, Qasem Asgari, Iraj Mohammadpour, Abdolreza Sotoodeh, Jahromi, Kavous Solhjoo, Morteza Pourahmad
    Background
    Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) is endemic in many parts of Iran. Recently its incidence is considerable in different parts of Jahrom district, in Fars Province, southern Iran. The aims of our study were to in­vestigate the prevalence of leishmanial infection, and identify and characterize the Leishmania species present, among the rodents by molecular methods in a new endemic focus of ZCL, in an urban and rural area of the Jahrom district, Fars Province, southern Iran.
    Methods
    From May to November 2010), 55 rodents in four regions of Jahrom focus were caught and checked for leishmanial infection by the microscopical examination of liver, spleen, ears, and footpads’ smears.
    Results
    Overall 18 Meriones persicus, 15 Tatera indica, 14 Mus musculus, and 8 Rattus rattus were caught. Totally, four (16.5%) and two (13.3%) of the Me. persicus and Ta. indica, but only one of Mu. musculus and Ra. rattus were found smear-positive for leishmanial amastigotes, respectively. In the nested-PCR assay 8 (14.6%) smears were found positive for Leishmania major, none was found positive for any other Leishmania species. Sequencing based detection of Leishmania confirmed the microscopic and PCR findings. All positive specimens were shown 95–96% similarity with L. major Friedlin.
    Conclusion
    Tatera indica and Me. persicus are incriminated as the main ‘reservoir’ hosts of L. major in the rural area of Jahrom, moreover, Mu. musculus and Ra. rattus have the minor but remarkable role in the maintenance of the disease in the urban regions of Jahrom focus.
  • Qasem Asgari, Maysam Fekri, Ahmad Monabati, Mohsen Kalantary, Iraj Mohammadpour, Mohammad Hossein Motazedian, Bahador Sarkari
    Background
    Congenital toxoplasmosis is associated with variable complications including encephalitis, microcephaly, hydrocephaly, hepatitis, lymphadenopathy and even intrauterine death. Presence of Toxoplasma gondii in human placenta may induce congenital infection. The aim of this study was to determine the genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii infection in human spontaneous aborted fetuses in Shiraz, south of Iran.
    Methods
    Five hundred and forty two paraffin-embedded blocks of aborted placenta were collected, from two university-affiliated hospitals in Shiraz. Occurrence of spontaneous abortion was confirmed by examine of the slides. After re-cutting of the blocks and dewaxing, semi-nested PCR assay was used to detect the fragments of T. gondii B1 gene in the samples. Also direct molecular genotyping was performed on positive samples with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism-PCR analysis on the SAG2 gene.
    Results
    Among the 542 tissue samples, the B1 gene was amplified from 78 (14.4%) of cases with the semi nested PCR and typed by RFLP. The genotype of Toxoplasma strains of 65 (out of 78) PCR-positive samples were evaluated and 54 out of 65 (83.1%) were found to be type II and 11 out of 65 (16.9%) were type I.
    Conclusion
    Considering the high level of Toxoplasma infection in aborted fetuses in this study, Toxoplasma might largely contribute to spontaneous abortion in this area of Iran.
    Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Abortion, Genotype, Iran
  • Qasem Asgari, Bahador Sarkari *, Maryam Amerinia, Saed Panahi, Iraj Mohammadpour, Afrooz Sadeghi Sarvestani
    Background
    Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide parasite which infects animals and human. Infections with this zoonotic parasite are acquired mostly by consumption of undercooked or raw meat, which contains tissue cysts.
    Objectives
    The current study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection in farm animals in southern Iran.
    Materials And Methods
    Sera were obtained from 346 farm animals including 80 cows, 33 dogs, 35 horses, 95 sheep, 90 goats, 9 turkeys and 4 geese and evaluated by Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) to detect anti Toxoplasma antibodies.
    Results
    Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were detected in sera of 121 out of 346 (34.9%) animals. The highest rate of infection (55%) was found in the cattle, followed by dogs (51.5%), horses (40%), sheep (29.5%), goats 18.8%) and turkeys (11.1%). No antibody was detected in any sera of 4 geese. Most of animals (86%) had antibody titer of 1:20. Males consisted 34.3% and females 40% of seropositive animals but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Correlation between age of animals and Toxoplasma infection was also insignificant (P > 0.05).
    Conclusions
    High seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis observed in this region indicates that farm animals may play a major role in transmitting the infection to human through consumption of undercooked meats.
    Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Farm animal, seroprevalence, Iran
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