m. b. ghalibaf

There is a growing concern in countries around the world, including Iran, about the effects of extreme climate change, diversification, and events on food production, food security, and livelihoods. The link between climate change and food security in the Iranian food system is the subject of this article. This review, based on the available literature, used the food system approach to achieve a broader view on issues related to food security in Iran. To this end, this study investigated climatic challenges facing food security in Iran with a focus on two essential products in Iranians’ food basket, namely, wheat and rice: Decreased agricultural productivity, food losses along production and distribution chains, postharvest loss, low resilience of poor people in rural areas, and the prevalence of malnutrition among children. The results showed that in addition to measures, such as making food production systems resistant to climate change and the necessary changes in existing food systems to adapt to the consequences of climate change, achieving food security requires a long-term vision to transform the Iranian food system. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop a climate-smart agriculture system that encompasses all aspects of food system security. Except for investigating the productivity of some essential components of this food basket, the results showed that there are scant studies on the effects of climate change on the food system of Iran.

Since forming modern state in Iran، there has been an attempt to create and impose a homogeneous space on the national space and local elites also have tried to make a unique local identity but there is not any regard to the localism relationship. This paper proposes a new approach to the political manage the space in Iran. There is anti-sense approach to issues of geopolitics violent nationalism and localism divergent geographical on space/political territory of Iran. In fact، this approach provides a new and different understanding of space and politics. Any change in this area causes a change in the interpretation type and new forms of understanding and dialogue in various forms in space. This approach is based on responsibility for different cultural contexts. In this approach، the «other» is understood in the context of their own culture. Local/national ecological argument is based on the assumption that national and local spaces are not separated from each other، and space is an area for dialogue and understanding not confrontation. In ecological space، spatial ethical is based on multimodal communication، networking spaces، people and different regions of Iran. In the space، traditions and narratives of the divisions are not taken the form of competing divisions; spatial differences are not received absolutely; similarities and differences concepts are considered as comparative category; dichotomy and binary oppositions violence and people-centered in the policy and local/national space are avoided. Such social contexts are different from public administration and safety spaces. Local/national ecological in general terms is based on an ongoing relationship between different minds on both national and local levels. Continuous dialogue between national strategies، local and regional demands، national integration، understanding of local and regional narratives and stories are the findings of this approach.

Today, travel demand modeling techniques and use of new knowledge, an important part of transportation engineering and traffic planning in urban transportation within the accounts is, So that in recent years using modern scientific techniques and promising results have come at too. The key question now is the paper where the models of travel demand characteristics have what has been, and to obtain the actual amount of travel demand forecasting and its effect on traffic flow and reduce the necessary adjustment has? To answer this question of the scientific method combined Geographic Information System (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and multivariate linear regression analysis for spatial modeling of demand in the area 6 of Tehran has been used. The final results indicate that the variable (C3), i.e. 14.23 percent of the population of the region with the highest degree of correlation coefficient with the dependent variable in the model has been, fret the commercial user variables (C16) with 11.9-percent ratio and the number of employees working in the region 3.10 - percent respectively second and third parameters of the model are, Order through the multivariate linear regression equations obtained. The variable number of units Business region (C11) with a coefficient of -0.008930 per cent minimum impact on travel demand modeling has shown that spatial. So for testing, evaluation and final results of modeling spatial Validity travel demand, the criteria for test, The criteria for testing, fitness model results and comparison with results of existing models of multivariate regression analysis technique is derived. Final results were used criteria value (R2 = 0.73415936), ((MARE = 78.628), (RMSE = 1.43) percent is derived. According to the results, model where travel demand capabilities required for calculating the actual amount of travel demand for transportation within the city and its effect on traffic flow and decrease predicted in the study area has enjoyed.

Geographical study of Iran and feasibility of economic investment and opportunities in free trade zones, indicate that these zones can be regarded as exceptional investable economic resources. Hence this study considers the industrial, commercial and tourism potentials of Aras free zone, adopting a regional developmental approach by using descriptive-analytical method. Results show that Aras free zone enjoys comprehensive regional development potential because of its geostrategic position, neighboring C.I.S countries, being locating in international transportation corridors (6 corridors) as well as the Silk Road, the closest zone to Turkey as the Europe gateway, having capability of serving as the shortest road and rail link between Iran and other Persian Gulf countries, having Aras river as a natural link, enjoying the support of the metropolis of Tabriz, tourist attractions, etc.