masoume maleki

Salinity stress is one of the most important environmental stresses limiting plant growth and performance. Salicornia persica is a species of Chenopodiaceae family; it is a halophyte and resistant to salinity. In addition, salicylic acid is known as an important molecule for the adaptation of plant responses to environmental stress. In the present study, the effect of salinity and salicylic acid on some morphophysiological traits of plants treated with three sodium chloride concentrations (zero, 200, and 500 ppm) and two salicylic acid concentrations (zero and 0.1 mM) and three harvest durations (1, 7, and 14 days) was investigated. This experiment was conducted as a factorial experimental design in the form of a completely randomized experimental design with three replicates. The initial results of the petridish trials showed that during salinity stress with increase in shoot length and decrease in the malondialdehyde levels compared to the control, the 0.1 mM salicylic acid treatment was more effective than other concentrations. The potting results showed that salinity stress caused a significant decrease in shoot and root dry weight. In addition, salt stress let to an increase in the amount of flavonoids and soluble sugars in most crops. The effect of salinity stress on the amount of pigments showed no particular trend. The amount of potassium increased at a salinity of 200 ppm and decreased at 500 ppm. The use of 0.1 mM salicylic acid increased the dry weight of the roots in all harvests. In addition, the use of salicylic acid increased the amount of chlorophyll b at salinity levels of 200 and 500 ppm. Also, the application of salicylic acid let to an increase in the amount of flavonoids at a salinity of 500 ppm, while the amount decreased at a salinity of 200 ppm. The application of 0.1 mM salicylic acid increased the content of potassium and soluble sugars in most harvests at 200 and 500 salinity levels. In general, the modulating effect of 0.1 mM salicylic acid on salinity stress was observed in Salicornia persica in most cases.

 With the increase in textual data generated on the internet and the limited time individuals have for reading, the need for automatic text summarization is more essential than ever. One application of summarization is title generation. The goal of this study, which falls within the field of digital humanities and interdisciplinary studies, is to provide a framework for title generation through extractive and abstractive summarization methods, focusing specifically on chapters of the Qur'an. For extractive summarization, eleven different methods have been examined, some of which are novel and innovative. For the abstractive part and title generation, several models have been trained to select the most effective one. In this research, the Persian translation of the Qur'an is used as the primary source, and a dataset was created based on the first ten parts (juz) of the Qur'an, including extractive summaries, abstractive summaries, and titles for various sections of the chapters. The results of this study indicate that the titles generated through summarization are close to human-generated titles, based on BERTScore, R-1, R-2, and R-l values of 21.03, 6.85, 20.73, and 52.51, respectively. It is important to note in the evaluation that a single fixed title does not exist for a document; multiple titles may also be valid. In human evaluation, we observed that the average score produced by the proposed approach is 0.59, while for the best results from other approaches, this value is 0.44.

Salinity is one of the environmental stresses that has a negative effect on the growth process and its causes oxidative stress in plants. A factorial experiment was carried out in the form of a completely randomized design, in order to investigate the effect of SNP on reducing the oxidative stress of Salicornia Persica, under salt stress, with three repetitions. In this research, the effect of two levels of SNP (0 and 0.2 mM), three levels of salinity (0, 200, 500 microgram/ml sodium chloride) and three stages of harvest (1, 7 and 14 days) were evaluated. The results showed that the dry weight of aerial parts decreased with increasing salinity. The exception was an increase in salinity of 200. The positive effect of SNP was observed in salinity of 200 and 500. The content of relative water decreased with increasing salinity concentration and SNP caused the content of relative water increased at three levels of salinity. The amount of anthocyanin decreased with increasing salinity and SNP caused an increase in the amount of anthocyanin. Malondialdehyde increased with increasing salinity, and the application of SNP caused its decrease. The amount of phenol decreased with increasing salinity and SNP did not have a significant effect on phenol. However, the amount of flavonoids increased at 200 salinity compared to control and it’s decreased at 500 salinity. Salinity stress caused an increase in the amount of sodium and the application of SNP caused it’s to decrease. The amount of potassium increased at 200 and 500 salinity. The treatment of SNP caused an increase in the amount of potassium at 0 and 500 salinity. In general, it can be concluded that the treatment of SNP can increase Salicornia Persica Salinity tolerance.

Use of drought tolerant grapevine rootstocks and application of garden management practices, such as the use of plant growth regulators, can be effective in achieving drought control methods. For this purpose, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design was conducted with three replications in greenhouse conditions in 2018 in order to study the effect of triacontanol on the physiological characteristics of grafted plantlet of grapevine on two native rootstocks of Iran under drought conditions. The treatments consisted of two rootstocks (Khoshnav, Sorkhak Ghouchan) and Bidaneh sefid (no grafting), three levels of drought stress including soil water potential of -0.2 (control), -0.7 and -1.5 MPa, and three concentrations of triacontanol (0, 50 and 100 μM). The measured traits included ratio dry weight to leaf area (LMA), membrane cell stability (MSI), total chlorophyll, proline, glycinebetaine, relative water content (RWC), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activity. Based on the results, drought stress reduced LMA (25%), MSI (5%), chlorophyll (20%) and RWC (5%) and triacontanol treatments increased LMA (20%), MSI (4.5%), chlorophyll (14%), RWC (2.5%), glycinebetaine (27%), proline (22%), and antioxidant activity of catalase (23%) and peroxidase (8%). plantlet with Khoshnav rootstock showed better results than the control plantlet, and triacontanol improves drought tolerance in plantlets.

The topic of changes in meaning and its causes has always been one of the interests to linguists and semantic scholars. Semantic studies examine this changes in different ways. One of the ways of approaching the reason for the diversity and meaning of vocabulary is to study the semantic lexical process. The present study is intended to explain the process of the semantic transformation of the word "Buruj" with the approach of historical semantics, by exploring the vocabulary, interpretations, ancient poems, translators of Qoran and the etymology in Semitic languages. The analysis of the semantics of the word ”Buruj” indicates that the meaning of this word is limited in Semitic, and when the word is entered in Arabic, its semantic circle has expanded. This process of development has continued in the sensory meaning , abstract meaning and ideological meaning.