mohadeseh ghavamipoursereshkeh

The past four decades havewitnessed the convergence of disparate markets into aunified global market, at the same time as the rapid population growthThe emergenceof new media and Internet technologieshas catalyzed the acceleration and globalization of information disseminationand transcended traditional geopolitical boundariesThis paradigm shift has led to the emergence of social media platforms as the main sources ofjournalistic content production and distributionThe interactive nature of these platforms has facilitated unprecedented cross-cultural communicationHowever, this digital revolution has also created a series of ethical challengesThe integration of user-generated content from socialmedia into mainstream news media and the proliferation of hashtag use among journalists havecreated areas of ethical controversy that require careful scrutinyThese developments have resulted inissues such as violation of intellectual property, dissemination of false information and violation of privacyIn addition, the proliferation of social media has exacerbated ethical concerns, including content manipulation, the use of misleading headlines, and the promotion of hate speech.This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the ethics of new media and social networks, identifies existing ethical issues, and critically evaluates different ethical approaches in these digital ecosystems.Based on these analyses,the current research presents a comprehensive ethical framework based on principles suchas transparency,accountabilityand respect for individualrights and collective interests. It also suggests practical solutions to address the multifaceted challenges posed by thedigital media space,including developing media literacy,improving content authenticationsystems,and strengthening regulatory mechanisms.With the aim of helping to create a more ethical and responsible media environment, this research provides the basis for solving ethical dilemmas in the digital age.

Criminal investigation is a judicial process aimed at uncovering the facts in criminal cases, based on the collection of information. The effectiveness of this process plays a crucial role in the success of the criminal justice system and the preservation of human rights. This research aims to examine how artificial intelligence can be utilized in criminal investigations and its role in enhancing the effectiveness of this process. The research method is descriptive-analytical, focusing on identifying existing challenges and applications of artificial intelligence in this field. Key challenges that limit the effectiveness of criminal investigations include rising crime rates, an increasing number of cases under investigation, the complexity of crimes, issues related to managing large volumes of data, and time constraints. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence holds significant potential for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of criminal investigations. This technology can assist in addressing existing challenges by analyzing big data, identifying hidden patterns, and predicting criminal behavior. Additionally, artificial intelligence can facilitate decision-making processes through better information management and data integration. Consequently, the use of artificial intelligence in criminal investigations is essential, as it can enhance efficiency and reduce police response times. However, attention to legal and ethical frameworks is crucial to protect privacy and human rights in this area, preventing potential misuse.

Visual criminology is a branch of criminology that examines the role of images and visual media in shaping our perceptions of crime, criminals, and criminal justice. It analyzes how crime is represented in films, TV series, photographs, paintings, video games, and other forms of media, and examines the impact of these representations on public attitudes, criminal policies, and the functioning of the criminal justice system. Visual criminology helps us to: Critically examine images and information presented in the media. Understand the impact of these images and information on our own and others’ attitudes toward crime and criminal justice. Gain a better understanding of how public perceptions of crime and criminals are formed. Participate more effectively in discussions about crime policies. Ultimately, visual criminology helps us to view images and information about crime and criminal justice more consciously and responsibly, and to prevent their potential negative effects on society.

Artificial intelligence, as one of the advanced technologies of the digital era, plays an important role in improving efficiency and speeding up financial and economic processes. With the increasing use of this technology in the Islamic financial system, the study of its civil and criminal aspects has become more important, especially from the point of view of compliance with Sharia principles. The purpose of this study is to consider the applications of artificial intelligence in the Islamic financial system and to analyze its criminal and civil opportunities and challenges. This research shows that artificial intelligence can be a powerful tool for detecting and preventing crimes such as fraud, money laundering and terrorist financing, while its misuse can lead to legal challenges such as privacy violation, algorithmic fraud and financial market manipulation. Also, in order to prevent possible abuses, the necessity of strict regulation and formulation of laws that determine responsibilities and limitations within the framework of Sharia has been emphasized. The findings of this research can help Islamic financial institutions to avoid negative consequences and related financial crimes, while using artificial intelligence.

With the development of technology, artificially intelligent beings have been used in almost all areas of our daily lives. It is expected that these beings, which are currently at the service of humans and facilitate their work, will reach human level in the future and be able to perform some professions. These developments also bring with them numerous legal and criminal questions. What is the legal status of artificially intelligent beings, who is criminally liable in the crimes that arise from their use, and what is their role in the criminal proceedings, are among the questions that need to be answered. The purpose of this study is to provide a general assessment of these questions by considering legal regulations. The study methodology is descriptive-analytical. In this study, we have reached the conclusion that AIs are in the position of “property”, cannot be held liable for crimes resulting from their use, and although they have an important contribution to the criminal justice process, they cannot replace the subjects of the proceedings (judge, prosecutor, lawyer). In this context, the current legal regulations are largely capable of resolving the problems that have arisen. However, if AIs are to reach the status of “humans” as fully independent and self-aware entities, fundamental changes will be needed in our legal system. 

Law and mathematics have a common goal in achieving an ideal order. The only difference between law and mathematics is seen in the methods used in these two concepts to achieve this goal. Law and mathematics are essential in our daily lives and play an important role in our decisions and experiences. Laws can be explained mathematically by applying the universal language of mathematics to the law.

The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical.

Ethical Considerations:

 All ethical principles have been observed in the writing stages of this research.

Developments in the field of law can be easily followed in the international framework. Moreover, with the help of mathematics, long rules can be expressed in a shorter form and different perspectives can be developed. Both the mathematical analysis of cases and the mathematical expression of laws are thought to help judges make effective decisions; it also helps to enforce deterrent punishments. However, it is difficult to find a mathematical expression for any legal concept. Although this situation may be seen as a negative aspect of the mathematical expression of laws, it can be said that the positive aspects of this study prevail.

This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the interaction between police services and social work profession and investigating the role of social workers in improving the quality and effectiveness of security services. This interaction is especially important considering the increasing complexity of social and security issues in contemporary societies. In this research, by using the descriptive-analytical method and collecting data through library sources and scientific documents, interdisciplinary capacities to respond to security and social needs have been investigated.The results of the study show that the integration of social work skills in police processes, especially in the areas of crime prevention, crisis management, and victim support, can improve the effectiveness of police interventions and reduce secondary injuries in vulnerable groups. Focusing on empowering people and providing psychological and social support, social workers play a key role in completing police performance and strengthening relations between police and society. Therefore, the current research emphasizes the importance of the participation of policymakers and law enforcement in adopting integrated approaches; Approaches to use the skills of social workers effectively in improving the quality of security services and reducing social harm..

The advancement of new technologies has transformed the form of crime. Following these advances, criminal science is also seeking ways to prevent crimes from being committed. Therefore, criminological theories can play an important role in preventing cybercrimes. Using these theories, it is possible to identify the factors that contribute to the occurrence of these crimes and provide solutions to combat them. Increasing the likelihood of identifying and arresting cybercriminals, enacting stricter laws, and increasing penalties can be effective solutions in this regard. By increasing users' awareness of the dangers of cyberspace and fraud methods, they can be prevented from becoming victims, and as a result, the interests of criminals can be reduced. By applying criminological theories, it is possible to prevent the promotion of violence and crime in cyberspace and introduce positive models to users. By educating users about the dangers of cyberspace and methods for preventing cybercrime, they can be protected from these crimes and people who are facing various pressures such as financial, social, or psychological problems can be helped to cope with their pressures and find legal ways to solve their problems. By applying the theory of social control, social relationships can be strengthened and they can be encouraged to participate in positive activities in society. Also, by creating a sense of responsibility in people for their behavior in cyberspace, the occurrence of cybercrime can be prevented. In addition to these solutions, other factors such as weak laws and regulations, users' lack of awareness of the dangers of cyberspace, and lack of international cooperation can also be effective in the occurrence of cybercrime. In order to prevent these crimes, these factors must also be considered and appropriate solutions must be provided for them

The emergence of the metaverse undoubtedly brings many complications in the field of international law enforcement. Due to the inherently transnational nature of the metaverse, it is clear that applying national legal frameworks to virtual actions is a complex and challenging process. The very essence of the metaverse, with its ability to transcend traditional national boundaries, creates significant barriers to direct domestic law enforcement. The regulation of virtual activities requires the creation of a comprehensive and inclusive framework under the supervision of public international law. Another concern that arises is related to the possible replacement of laws by technological advances. In the field of metaverse, one can see the high speed of technological progress. The field of international law faces the great challenge of effectively regulating virtual activities in accordance with established international norms and principles, considering the dynamic nature of these developments. The necessity of adapting the international legal system to the field of virtual activities is undeniable, because it is vital to address the multifaceted concerns that arise in this field. The topic of this article deals with the contemporary process of updating international agreements and legal structures, forming international regulatory bodies and encouraging global cooperation and coordination. As the met averse goes through its evolutionary process, it is necessary that the international laws are adapted accordingly and effectively regulate the behavior in cyber space.

In today's world, cyber war is a reality and cyber-attacks are increasing. The ability of cyber-attacks to shut down computer systems of nuclear facilities, power grids and air control systems has made these attacks a serious threat to national security. Some scientists believe that cyber-attacks can be a reason to start a war. However, looking at the traditional laws of war, only a small fraction of cyber-attacks can be considered armed attacks. While the international legal system must adapt to this new battlefield, there is currently no stable and effective international law to deter cyber-attacks. In this article, how to apply the existing rules of international law regarding the "use of force" in the framework of the right to use force, against cyber-attacks. The analyzes are carried out within the framework of Article 2(4) of the United Nations Charter prohibiting the use of force, the seventh chapter of ensuring peace and security and the right to legitimate defense contained in Article 51.

A relationship can almost always be established between space and mass. Because spaces are multifaceted and complex elements that have economic, cultural and social dimensions in addition to physical dimensions. Social, cultural and economic analysis and location-specific characteristics reveal different types of crimes among people who congregate in different places. In this regard, it can be said that urban areas are considered as places where economic activities are different. There is a high level of division of labor and people living together, they also have their own unique crimes with their own unique structures, functions and organizations. Today, developments in the economic, cultural, technological and political fields have brought a series of changes that have also affected the physical areas of cities. This change can be related to the emergence of "undefended spaces" that can be connected on a mental level by separating from the historical, geographical, cultural and social ties of urban areas. This study focuses on understanding the effects of defenselessness on the emergence of urban crime and the formation of crime within the framework of radical criminology theory. The theory of "radical criminology" largely analyzes the formation of crime by considering the cultural, economic, political, demographic and social characteristics of the whole society. However, this theory has deepened this macro-framework, which is mainly used to analyze crime, with factors such as family breakdown, urban structure, density, learning and socialization. Here, the phenomenon of urban crime will be discussed from the perspective of radical criminology and the effects of defenseless space on the formation of urban crime will be analyzed.

The implementation of an ethical framework in the behavior of artificial intelligence (AI) systems requires not only abstract intelligence but also a particular form of human and artificial intelligence. Intelligent artificial agents exhibit distinctive characteristics such as individuality, complexity, specialization, stability, and autonomy. Human ethical codes are fundamentally flawed: they entail preferences, accountability (rather than responsibility), and a lack of freedom, which cannot be adequately compensated for by the creation of ethical systems, ideal value circulation, or moral education. However, such an incomplete ethical framework necessitates comprehensive tools that bestow not only intelligence but also conscience and even a spirit upon machines. In this paper, after outlining the problem and conceptualizing ethical intelligence while addressing the features of intelligent artificial agents, we discuss the difficulties of applying ethical rules for intelligent agents and the barriers to achieving ethical AI. The primary challenges of implementing ethical intelligence in AI systems are explored and analyzed.

With the proliferation of cryptocurrencies, new opportunities have emerged for committing financial crimes, including money laundering, terrorist financing, and other illegal activities. The unique features of these currencies—such as anonymity, decentralization, and transnationality—have posed significant challenges to traditional legal and regulatory systems. This article provides a comprehensive review of legal frameworks and international efforts to address these crimes, emphasizing the pivotal role of international documents such as the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Merida Convention), Financial Action Task Force (FATF) standards, and Group of 20 (G20) recommendations in regulating and mitigating the risks associated with digital currencies.The present research employs a descriptive-analytical method to evaluate these frameworks and demonstrates that the Merida Convention, by establishing legal foundations to combat organized crimes and criminalizing money laundering, alongside the FATF, by developing specific standards and guidelines for preventing money laundering and terrorist financing, and the G20, by promoting regulatory recommendations and risk management related to digital currencies, have collectively contributed to fostering international coordination and cooperation in combating these crimes.The findings of this research indicate that, in order to effectively address emerging crimes related to digital currencies, it is essential to utilize existing frameworks while also fostering transnational cooperation and continuously updating laws and regulations. This article underscores the necessity of developing regulatory and legal frameworks at the global level, strengthening international cooperation, and enhancing supervisory capabilities through the application of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and data analysis to combat digital currency crimes.

In this article, the role of social control as a form of social capital in crime prevention is studied and these concepts are analyzed with emphasis on Islamic teachings. First, the concept of social capital and the main approaches related to it, especially in the field of crime prevention, are introduced and then they are adapted according to modern theories and Islamic teachings. In the following, referring to Islamic concepts such as enjoining good and forbidding evil, as well as the influence of religious institutions such as mosques and clerics in creating and strengthening social capital, a comparative analysis of these teachings with modern theories has been done. This research shows that Islamic teachings, in addition to being consistent with modern theories of social capital, can be used as an effective framework to prevent crime and strengthen social solidarity in Islamic societies. Finally, the results of this research are ended by presenting practical examples from Islamic societies such as Malaysia and Iran, where Islamic teachings have been used to reduce crime.

The US Congress, as one of the main governing forces in the US political system, plays a key and unique role. The main task of the Congress is to legislate based on the Constitution, which is extensively discussed in the text of the Constitution. This shows the importance and pivotal role of this institution from the point of view of the drafters of the Constitution. The Congress has a bicameral structure including the Senate and the House of Representatives, and the approval of both houses is necessary to pass laws. Legislation is exclusively in the power of Congress and even the President cannot interfere in this process. Congressional performance is monitored through the confirmation of senior government officials and the impeachment process. In addition to legislation, Congress has other duties; including approving the government budget, approving foreign treaties, approving ministers and judges of the Federal Supreme Court, declaring, war and impeaching the president. This research was done to investigate the position of Congress and the influence and authority of this institution in the policies of the United States of America using a descriptive and analytical method.

The advances of artificial intelligence have led to widespread developments in the social and religious dimensions of societies. This article examines the potential and actual effects of artificial intelligence on social structures and religious values. Given the unique features of artificial intelligence, such as the ability to learn and adaptability, this technology is rapidly integrating with different aspects of everyday life and has raised concerns and challenges in ethical and spiritual areas. In the first part of the article, the analysis of social challenges associated with artificial intelligence, including its impact on human identity and social relations. Then, the consequences of artificial intelligence for religious values ​​and ethics, such as rethinking traditional concepts such as authority and will, are examined. Also, the necessity of reviewing the role of religion in a society where artificial intelligence is gradually changing is referred to. The article concludes that despite the numerous benefits of artificial intelligence, the need for ethical supervision and strategies to guide this technology is felt to preserve social and religious values.

 This research examine advanced applications of mathematical methods in criminology and sheds light on their role in analyzing and modeling complex social phenomena such as crime. The main goal is to analyze the capabilities of mathematical models in identifying crime patterns, predicting future trends, and evaluating the effectiveness of preventive strategies.

The research was conducted in a theoretical and descriptive-analytical manner, using a literature review and analysis of mathematical models. Mathematical approaches including dynamical systems, network analysis, and game theory were examined, and empirical data were used to adapt these models.

The findings show that mathematical models are able to identify spatiotemporal patterns of crime, such as hot spots and revictimization, and predict future trends. They also provide tools for simulating criminal behavior and evaluating the effects of preventive policies. The potential of these methods in designing crime reduction strategies and developing operational tools is emphasized.

LGBTQ rights have increasingly gained importance in an era of globalization and cultural diversity. Human rights are founded on certain principles such as the inherent dignity of humans and the equality of all people. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and relevant international treaties prohibit all forms of discrimination, e.g., those based on sexual orientation, and emphasize equal rights for everyone. Therefore, the LGBTQ community should have equal rights like everyone else from the perspective of human rights. However, LGBTQ relationships are considered against human nature by Islamic law, which is founded on the ethical precepts and standards of Islam. Accordingly, Islamic law not only opposes such relationships but also rejects the possibility of granting the LGBTQ community equal rights. The discrepancy in the approaches and attitudes of these two legal schools has resulted in major national and international challenges and conflicts over LGBTQ rights. Therefore, this descriptive-analytical study aimed to address the challenges and conflicts between these two legal schools regarding LGBTQ rights. According to the findings, there are significant philosophical and conceptual gaps between Islamic law and human rights, which have led to serious obstacles in this area. Human rights are predicated on equality, whereas Islamic law is based on ethical and religious principles. As a result, Islamic law takes a more pragmatic and realistic view of LGBTQ rights.

In recent years, with the expansion of global activities and communications in cyberspace and the development of networks and platforms based on cyber and cloud space, we have seen an increase in the number and variety of internet and cyber crimes. It is obvious that in order to control crimes in a new platform such as the Internet and cyber space, we also need to formulate laws and norms with high enforcement guarantees to prevent, control and deal with cyber crimes. In this article, we have an overview of the activities carried out in the field of the adoption of cybercrime laws at the domestic and international level. It should be noted that the history of the adoption of cyber laws in the world goes back to 1978 in America and the last law passed in this field also goes back to the agreement approved in the Convention on Cybercrimes in 2009. Iran also passed the law of computer crimes in 2018 after investigations in different periods of time. With all these efforts, it seems that with the ever-increasing progress of technology and the increase in the variety and extent of use of cyber space, the laws related to this field, unlike traditional crimes, need constant and continuous review.

In criminal laws, the existence of material and spiritual elements alone is not sufficient for the realization of a crime, but their time and conformity are also necessary conditions. In order to prove this necessity, various solid reasons and foundations have been put forward, but in any case, accepting the "principle of symmetry of material and spiritual elements" despite having positive effects for the realization of justice, as the highest goal of criminal law, in some cases causes negative effects. And injustice is also punished in the criminal system. In this article, we are going to examine this point with a recommendation and analysis method, which legal solution can reduce the effects and consequences of the asymmetry of the material and spiritual element of the crime? It seems that the application of the concept of credit responsibility can solve these challenges. Therefore, credit responsibility sometimes makes people responsible for committing a crime, even if they do not have a complete mental element in relation to the material element. These crimes are called including credit responsibility.

Water and water resources are considered one of the most strategic issues for human beings. Water management, including legislation, is important for all governments. In Iran, numerous laws related to water have been enacted over the past century. The present study aims to investigate the evolution of water-related laws in Iran in order to identify the existing and revised laws in this area.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted by referring to library resources.

The findings show that numerous laws have been passed regarding water. However, these laws have been mostly case-specific and enacted without regard to previous laws, failing to meet international standards for water management.

The abundance of water laws in Iran does not necessarily imply their desirable quality. The existence of numerous, case-specific and inconsistent laws has led to practical problems. Therefore, reforming the existing laws and developing comprehensive and integrated statutes seems necessary.

This study was conducted with the purpose of examining the cultural elements involved in the incidence of serial murders, as well as the role of police in public culturalization and controlling it. Serial murders, being a social problem, pose a threat to the security and mental well-being of society. Given the detrimental and destructive effects that such murders can have on society and the security of the environment, the establishment of a positive cultural context with a normative role is a valuable tool for promoting awareness and community cohesion. Through a descriptive-analytical approach, this research has identified individual and environmental factors as the two primary causes of criminal behavior. Culture can play a pivotal role in reducing the factors that contribute to crime by providing a platform for the development of legal norms. Furthermore, police''s positive contribution to the growth and development of the cultural components of a good society can have a significant impact on cultural and social preventive measures. By understanding the causes and factors of criminal activity, the police can gain a degree of control over the environment and implement policies that promote decriminalization and reduce crime, using criminology as a tool.