mohammadjavad tarrahi

Marital satisfaction is the objective emotion of satisfaction and pleasure experienced by couples. This study aimed to determine the prediction of marital satisfaction of couples on the eve of divorce based on sexual functions in Isfahan. 

Methods and Materials:

The research method was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population of the study included all couples on the threshold of divorce in Isfahan who referred to the city's legal medicine in 2020. The sample size was obtained using a formula of 374 (187 couples), and finally, 369 persons were selected by convenience sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Research instruments included the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Forz & Olson, 1993), Male Sexual Function Assessment Questionnaire (Rosen et al., 1997), Female Sexual Function Questionnaire (Rosen et al., 1997), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Inventory (Sigmund and Sneith, 1983). Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and linear regression test by SPSS.22.

The findings of the study showed that among the variables of female sexual dysfunction, all variables except pain and humidity had the power to predict marital satisfaction (P<0.01). In multiple regression, only the variablesof satisfaction and sexual desire could predict marital satisfaction(P<0.01). Also, among male sexual dysfunction variables, all variables had the power to predict marital satisfaction (P<0.01). In multiple regression, only the sexual function satisfactory could predict marital satisfaction (P<0.01).

It can be concluded that satisfaction and sexual desire in females and sexual function satisfactory for males can predict marital satisfaction in couples on the threshold of divorce.

 Ageism can marginalize and discriminate against the elderly in healthcare services, and ageism among nurses and healthcare providers leads to unfavorable services. This study investigates the relationship between nurses’ attitudes about old age and age discrimination in caring for hospitalized patients in hospitals in Kashan City, Iran.

 This study is a descriptive-analytical research conducted on 600 nurses working in Kashan University of Medical Sciences teaching hospitals. All the nurses of Shahid Beheshti and Naqvi hospitals were surveyed. This research includes two questionnaires that measure attitudes about old age, namely the Kogan attitudes toward older people scale and measures of discriminatory practices against the elderly. To analyze the results using descriptive statistics (prevalence and average) and inferential statistical tests, including the Chi-square test, independent t test, and variance analysis with the Pearson correlation coefficient or the Spearman correlation coefficient, were employed. Meanwhile, the SPSS software, version 25 was used. The significance level was considered 0.05 in this research.

 The mean and standard deviation of age were 31.78±6.34 years. The results show no significant relationship between gender, type of employment, job satisfaction, caring for the elderly with COVID-19, and nurses’ attitudes (P>0.05). Also, among the mentioned variables, only the mean job satisfaction score significantly correlates with nurses’ discriminatory actions (P=0.004). In addition, age (t=-2.485, P=0.013), attitude (t=-8.613, P<0.001), job satisfaction (t=2.133, P=0.036), and caring for elderly patients with COVID-19 (t=2.308, P=0.021) could predict the score of discriminatory actions in the regression model.

 The positive attitude of nurses towards the elderly can play an important role in reducing age discrimination in providing care. Therefore, it is important to address the factors affecting attitudes, such as nurses’ training, and factors related to the work environment, such as job satisfaction by managers and health policymakers, to ensure the provision of high-quality care services without discrimination against the elderly.

Indoor air quality is a critical factor influencing the health and well-being of individuals in society, as polluted indoor air can lead to various diseases. Consequently, this study examined the awareness, attitudes, and performance of health workers in Khorramabad City, Iran, concerning indoor air pollution, as well as the correlation of these factors with demographic variables.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 using a researcher-developed questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and performance of health workers in the health centers of Khorramabad City. A total of 149 individuals from the Khorramabad health center participated in the study, and after receiving education, 140 of them agreed to complete the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using independent t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson's correlation coefficient via SPSS software.

Health workers' performance regarding indoor air quality had the highest score of 60.50, while the scores for attitude and knowledge were 51.85 and 17.82, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the scores of knowledge, attitude, and performance between men and women (P > 0.05). The level of education had a significant relationship with the average scores of knowledge and performance. Consequently, the highest scores in knowledge, attitude, and performance were observed among individuals with a bachelor's degree or higher. In contrast, no significant relationship was found between the scores of knowledge, attitude, and performance with age or work experience.

Given the limited awareness among health workers regarding indoor air pollution, coupled with their significant role in disseminating health information to the community, it is essential to conduct training courses on this topic to enhance the knowledge of health workers.

Health-promoting behaviors encompass a range of behaviors that empower individuals to take charge of their health and other members of society. Considering that many high-risk behaviors are formed early in life, this study aimed to investigate health-promoting behaviors and the factors influencing them among sixth-grade elementary school students in Isfahan City, Iran, in 2023.

This cross-sectional study was conducted with participation of 201 boy and girl elementary school students selected through two-stage cluster random sampling. Health-promoting behaviors were assessed using a standard questionnaire, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP), and a demographic characteristics questionnaire also was used. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests with SPSS software.

The average score for health-promoting behaviors was 137.33 ± 18.97. The highest average score was observed in the self-actualization dimension, which was 31.89 ± 4.35, while the lowest average score was in the stress management dimension, at 12.98 ± 3.12. Overall, 5.5% of students were classified as having good health, 73.5% were at an average health level, and 22.7% were categorized as having undesirable health. A significant difference was found between girls and boys only in the dimension of self-actualization; no significant differences were observed in the other dimensions.

Considering that few students were in good health, it is necessary to develop a health promotion behavior training program for this age group to enhance their physical and mental health.

Thalassemia screening instructions in Iran consider couples with MCV = 75-80, MCH = 26-27, HbA2<3.5, and HbF<3 indices as low-risk couples, and therefore further genetic testing is not obligatory. If the blood indices of alpha thalassemia carriers (One alpha gene deletion or two alpha gene deletions) fall within the parameters of low-risk couples, the identification of such couples within the beta thalassemia screening program will not be feasible. However, if the blood indicators of alpha thalassemia carriers fall within the range of the suspected high-risk couple, these couples can be identified through beta thalassemia screening instructions.

In this cross-sectional study, information was extracted from 2359 individuals diagnosed with alpha thalassemia, identified between 2018 and 2021, in 22 marriage counseling centers in Isfahan province using the results of the PND test. The blood indices MCV and MCH of alpha thalassemia carriers were compared with the low-risk and high-risk values of beta thalassemia carrier couples.

The average MCH and MCV of couples affected by alpha thalassemia gene deletions 1 and 2 are respectively within the low-risk and high-risk ranges for beta-thalassemia.

Beta thalassemia screening guidelines can effectively identify individuals with two alpha thalassemia gene deletions, although they have no effect in identifying those with one alpha gene deletion. Current guidelines indicate that it is possible to prevent the occurrence and complications of pregnancy in mothers with Bart's hemoglobin infants; however, the identification of H hemoglobin disease remains unfeasible.

The increase in high-risk behaviors (HRBs) is recognized as a serious threat to the health of societies. Self-expression is one of the social skills that can have a positive effect on controlling some risky behaviors.

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between self-expression and HRBs among newly arrived students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

In this cross-sectional study, 402 students (166 males and 236 females) were recruited from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2020. They were selected using a multi-stage random sample and answered questions from the self-expression questionnaire and the high-risk behavior questionnaire. Various statistical indicators were utilized, such as mean, standard deviation (SD), t -test for comparison between the two gender groups, ANOVA for the mean difference between three age groups, and a Pearson correlation matrix to examine the correlations between all components of HRBs. Additionally, the Pearson test and regression analysis were employed.

A significant negative correlation was found between the self-expression score and HRBs (r = -0.56, P < 0.001). The mean score of HRBs was 15.33 ± 18.047. The mean score of self-expressions in male students was significantly lower than that of female students (74.51 ± 16.33 vs. 80.36 ± 14.30). The most common HRBs were related to smoking, hookah use (mean = 7.53 ± 8.75), and suicidal ideation (mean = 3.11 ± 3.93).

It accentuates the significance of incorporating self-expression interventions in educational and health programs to foster healthier behaviors and promote mental health among this vulnerable population. Further research is warranted to explore additional factors influencing the link between self-expression and HRBs among university students.

Infertility is one of the major crises in couples' lives, affecting both mental and physical health. One of the most significant consequences of infertility is stigma; moreover, emotional intelligence and women's coping style with these consequences can affect the quality of this disorder.

This study aimed to investigate emotional intelligence, infertility stigma, quality of life, and the relationship between these variables in infertile women.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted from April 2023 to February 2024 on 349 infertile women referred to “Hazrat Maryam Infertility Center in Shahid Beheshti hospital” and “Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center” in Isfahan, Iran. Sampling was done using a convenience sampling method, and tools included 4 questionnaires, a demographic and midwifery information form, the quality of life questionnaire, the female-infertility-stigma-questionnaire, and the Schutte-Emotional-Intelligence scale. 

The results showed that the women’s mean age was 35.08 ± 7.60 yr. The mean score for emotional intelligence was 109.06 ± 6.12, and the infertility stigma’s was 56.1 ± 14.73. The results indicated a positive correlation between emotional intelligence and infertility stigma (r = 0.13, p < 0.001). Only the mean score of social well-being and general health dimensions had a significant relationship with the total score of emotional intelligence (r = 0.037, p < 0.02).

Infertile women have a lower quality of life and experience higher stigma. Since the quality of life and overall mental health affect the treatment process, also emotional intelligence plays an important role in human life, educational sessions and counseling should be considered in the treatment programs to improve the quality of life, thereby facilitating the treatment process with greater ease and speed.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and diseases with respiratory symptoms in gatherings such as schools have the potential to escalate into an epidemic. Given the absence of any approved specific treatment for these diseases, prevention remains the only viable approach. This study aimed to investigate the impact of messages rooted in the extended parallel process model (EPPM) on the perceptual dimensions and preventive behaviors related to COVID-19 among girl students in primary schools in Borkhar City, Iran, in 2021.

This randomized controlled educational trial was conducted on 300 elementary students in Borkhar City using a random sampling method. The data collection tool utilized was a researcher-made questionnaire. Students were divided into two intervention groups (intervention through posters and based on the EPPM for teaching prevention behaviors against infectious respiratory diseases such as COVID-19) and one control group.

In the first group of intervention (threat group), after the intervention, the mean scores of attitude (P = 0.030), behavior (P = 0.001), and intention (P = 0.007) variables showed a significant increase compared to before the intervention. In the second group (efficiency group), after the intervention, the mean scores of variables related to denying the authenticity or value of the message (P = 0.001), defensive avoidance (P = 0.027), self-efficacy (P = 0.017), and fear (P = 0.042) also showed a significant increase compared to before the intervention.

In general, posters containing information about threats based on the EPPM had a greater impact on perceptual dimensions and preventive behaviors against infectious respiratory diseases like COVID-19. The application of the EPPM was effective in creating perceived intensity and sensitivity towards performing preventive behaviors, as well as in enhancing the attitude, intention, and behaviors of the group studied.

The evidence shows that prehypertension is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. This study aims to determine the effect of lavender inhalation aromatherapy on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP) in people with prehypertension in Isfahan.

Methods & Materials:

 This two-group quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2023, involving 70 prehypertensive patients selected from comprehensive health service centers in Isfahan. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The intervention included inhalation aromatherapy using two drops of 100% pure lavender essential oil for 20 minutes in a single session. Blood pressure measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 10 and 20 minutes post-intervention under standardized conditions. The control group received routine health center training. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26, employing descriptive and inferential statistics, including repeated measures analysis of variance (RMA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with a significance level set at 0.05.

The results of the RMA indicated a significant interaction between time and group for both SBP (P<0.001) and DBP (P<0.001). Also, the intergroup effect for SBP was significant (P<0.001), demonstrating that the intervention group experienced a significantly greater reduction in average SBP compared to the control group. Intra-group analysis revealed a significant decrease in SBP before and after aromatherapy in the intervention group (P<0.001). In contrast, the control group did not show a significant change (P=0.068). Unlike SBP, the intergroup analysis for DBP did not yield significant results (P=0.141).

Considering the rising trend of high blood pressure and its widespread complications, along with the positive effects of aromatherapy as a cost-effective and accessible intervention, lavender inhalation aromatherapy is recommended as a complementary treatment strategy in conjunction with other methods.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, which ranks second in cancer deaths in Iran. This study was conducted with the aim of explaining the effective factors of non-participation in the colorectal cancer screening program in adults based on the health belief model in Iran. 

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 683 adults aged 50-70 years (338 women and 345 men) in the health centers of Daran City of Isfahan. The data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the health belief model in the summer of 1401. SPSS.23 statistical software was used for data analysis, mean, frequency for description, and correlation and Logistic regression tests were used for data analysis.

The mean age of the participants was 57.5 (standard deviation 8.7) and most of them were men (50.5%). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the demographic and cognitive variables based on the health belief model were significantly predicted non-participating in the screening of colorectal cancer in health centers (Adj R=0.46, P<0.01). Among the entered demographic variables, family history of colorectal cancer (OR: 7.69; 95% CI: 3.45-17.09) and among the cognitive variables, knowledge (OR=1.61, 95% CI:1.36-1.9) and Perceived barriers (OR=0.88, 95% CI:0.85-0.92) had the highest predictive power in non-participation.

The results of the present study emphasized the low-risk perception and low knowledge of adults who did not participate in the program. Therefore, it is recommended to use community-based programs to raise people's awareness of the perceived risk of colorectal cancer and the possibility of performing a fit test in health service centers. It is also recommended to create strategies to facilitate participation in the program (such as home screening or mailing) in adults.

Poor sleep quality (SQ) is a common problem in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), which may reduce the quality of life and mood state and cause neuropsychological issues. 

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on the SQ in women who suffer from MS. 

From the patients with MS diagnosed by neurologists, 48 were selected by convenient sampling and randomly assigned to MBSR and control groups. The participants of two groups filled out the Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire as a pre-test, 8 weeks later as a post-test, and 1 month later as a follow-up. The MBSR group received 8 sessions of group therapy, while the control group did not receive any psychotherapy. The data were analyzed using variance analysis.  

The results showed that the SQ of the MBSR group improved in all aspects significantly (P<0.01). 

Mindfulness-based stress reduction is helpful for improving the SQ in patients with MS.

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a noninvasive cardiovascular imaging procedure that visualizes coronary artery calcifications (CAC), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Due to different calcification patterns in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to the general population, this study aims to present diagnostic cut-off values for CAC to detect early coronary artery disease (CAD) in CKD patients.

This cross-sectional study included 807 patients: 407 with CKD and 400 controls with normal kidney function who underwent CCTA during 2019-2021. CAC score measurements were performed for all left main coronary arteries to investigate CAD. The Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) was used as the gold standard to determine the value of CAC, and diagnostic values were measured.

The number of female patients was 443 (54.9%), and 364 (45.1%) were male. The mean age in the case group was 63.95 ± 10.26 years, and in the control group, it was 53.80 ± 11.84 years. At the cut-off point of 85, the CAC score had a sensitivity and specificity of 84.7% and 83%, respectively, among patients with CKD to detect CAD (Area Under the Curve (AUC): 0.919, 95% CI: 0.89-0.94; P-value < 0.001). Considering a cut-point of 85 for CAC, the frequency of healthy subjects with CAD-RADS less than two was significantly higher than the cases (P-value = 0.012), while the two groups were similar regarding CAD-RADS 3-5 (P-value = 0.83).

According to this study, the CAC score is a valuable means to detect CAD among CKD subjects. There is no significant difference in CAC between patients with substantial CAD-RADS in CKD and non-CKD patients. The cut-point of 85 for the CAC score was found valuable to diagnose CAD with over 80% sensitivity and specificity.

Most people often complain of abdominal bloating. The present study was designed and conducted with the purpose of examining the effect of sequential treatment of Metronidazole and Probiotics, and Probiotics alone in reducing the severity of symptoms of functional bloating.

The present study was a randomized clinical trial that was carried out from March 2022 until June 2023 in Isfahan and Khurshid Hospital. The studied population were suffering from flatulence and were diagnosed with functional bloating by a gastroenterologist based on Rome III criteria. Then they entered one of the two study groups in a double-blind manner. The first group was treated with Metronidazole for two weeks and then with Probiotic for two weeks. The second group was treated with Probiotic for four weeks. The severity of patients' bloating was measured by a 4-question questionnaire in five stages: before the start of the study, two weeks after, four weeks after, six weeks after, eight weeks after and 12 weeks after the start of the study.  Finally, the obtained information was entered into SPSS software version 24 Repeated measures ANOVA was used to investigate the relationship between variables.

After collecting the data, 43 patients in the first group and 44 patients in the second group were examined. 72.1% of the first group were women and 27.9% were men. In group two, this ratio was 72.7% for women and 27.3% for men. In this intervention, it was seen that in the 1st group, the average severity of bloating decreased until the end of the eighth week and after the second week of drug treatment, and then increased. In the second group, the average intensity of bloating decreased until the end of the fourth week and at the same time as the end of drug treatment, and then increased.

It was shown that in the study, the effect of this combined treatment had a greater effect in reducing the severity of functional bloating among patients with functional bloating.

The COVID-19 pandemic presents an extreme threat to global health and stands as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Loss, as a broader theme, intertwines with various aspects of people’s lives during these challenging times. Failing to address the urgent needs of individuals experiencing loss and grief can result in poor mental and physical health.

Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) and compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on the grief and quality of life (QoL) of first-degree relatives who lost loved ones due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study was a randomized clinical trial. Participants who had lost a family member to COVID-19 between March 2019 and September 2020 and who visited the hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Forty participants were randomly assigned to either IPT or CFT, and each group underwent 6 weekly sessions. The Grief Experience Questionnaires and the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Questionnaires were administered to all individuals via phone interviews before commencing treatment and 1 month after completing the sessions.

The results indicated a significant improvement in both treatment groups individually (P < 0.001). However, when comparing the 2 groups while adjusting for the pre-test effects, there were no significant differences between them in any of the following areas: Physical response (P2 = 0.45), notoriety (P2 = 0.53), justification and coping (P2 = 0.59), guilt (P2 = 0.31), feelings of abandonment (P2 = 0.52), judgment by others (P2 = 0.78), and embarrassment and shame (P2 = 0.79).

The findings from our study demonstrate that both IPT and CFT resulted in improved QoL and reduced grief experiences. Therefore, these therapeutic approaches can be employed to alleviate grief symptoms and enhance overall QoL.

 Pneumothorax (PTX), pneumomediastinum (PM), and subcutaneous emphysema (SE) are complications associated with COVID-19. It is crucial to study these risk factors, complications, and their prognosis for early diagnosis amidst the rising number of cases today.

 We conducted a case-control study involving 81 pairs of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia complicated by Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, comparing them with patients who did not have these complications to assess the risk factors for and prognosis of pulmonary complications in COVID-19.

 The demographic data and medical history of comorbid diseases did not show an association with PTX, PM, and SE in COVID-19 pneumonia (all P-values > 0.05). However, laboratory data such as white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, troponin, and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in the group with complications (P < 0.05). Additionally, the length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the group with complications, and intubation further extended this duration. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the case group (70% vs. 14%, P < 0.0001), with a significant odds ratio in comparison to patients without complications in the regression model (B = 2.61, Exp(B) = 13.65 with a 95% CI of 6.28 - 29.69).

 Pulmonary complications worsen the prognosis of COVID-19. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 pneumonia can lead to mechanical barotrauma, regardless of intubation status. Ventilator settings should be adjusted below the confidence level. Acute phase reactants and certain inflammatory markers, except for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), are elevated in patients with complications, though they do not significantly predict outcomes.

Malta fever or brucellosis is still one of the most challenging issues related to health and economy in many countries such as Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiological situation and the trend of disease incidence during the years 2015 to 2018 in Lorestan Province, Iran.

This research was a retrospective analytical-descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted on people with brucellosis using the data available in the health centers of Lorestan Province. The disease incidence index was calculated by year for all years. The relationship between the incidence of disease with age, gender, employment status, place of residence, contact history, contact type, and livestock vaccination history by city was analyzed using chi-square test and SPSS software.

5841 cases of brucellosis patients were identified. The highest rate of incidence was in 2015 in Sepid Dasht City with 1783 cases and the lowest rate was in 2018 in Kuhdasht City with 30 cases per hundred thousand people. One of the reasons for the difference in the incidence of the disease at the province level was the different ratio of urban and rural population in each city. In all the studied years, there was a significant difference between the frequency of contact with livestock and the city of residence (P = 0.001).

According to the obtained results, it is possible to use the necessary training for high-risk groups and effective health behaviors to prevent and reduce the disease.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood and adolescence, which is associated with various psychological problems. This study aims to compare the effect of group internet-delivered self-management training (iSMT) and “patient child” play (PCP) on externalizing and internalizing problems in children with T1DM in Isfahan City, Iran.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted from January 2020 to October 2021. From all children aged 8 to 11 years with T1DM diagnosed by endocrinologists, 75 children were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly assigned into three groups, iSMT, PCP, and control (each group was 25). Their parents filled out the child behavior checklist (CBCL) for them in the pre and post-treatment stages. The iSMT group received 10 sessions of education via Skyroom and the playgroup performed PCP for 10 sessions. The control group did not receive any psychological intervention. All participants received routine diabetes medication. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 23 and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 59 children in 3 groups (iSMT=19, PCP=20, and control=20).

The results showed that the PCP group had more improvement in SP compared to the iSMT group as well as a significant improvement in rule-breaking behaviors (RB) compared to the control group.

PCP is effective in improving SP and RB of children with T1DM and can be used as a complementary treatment for them.

According to the report of the World Health Organization, mental disorders are one of the 10 most important causes of disability in the world. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the number and frequency of latent classes of depression and its determinants in Isfahan university of medical students.

A total of 1408 medical students from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, were enrolled in the study in 2017. The symptoms and severity of depression were assessed using the standard Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale questionnaire. Latent class analysis was applied to seven symptoms of depression, all of which had four levels. Latent class subgroups were compared using the Chi‑square test and analysis of variance test. The regression model was used to check the relationship between identified classes and related factors. Analyzes were done using SPSS‑21 and Mplus7 software.

In this study, three latent classes were identified, that is, the group of healthy people, the group of borderline people, and the group of people suspected of depression. The prevalence of identified latent classes among medical students is 0.52, 0.32, and 0.16%, respectively. The regression results showed that compared to the healthy group, the factors affecting depression in the borderline and suspicious group were increasing age, female gender, interest in the field of study, physical activity, history of depression, and history of anxiety.

The three classes that were identified based on the students’ answers to the depression symptoms questions differed only based on severity. The history of depression and anxiety were the strongest predictors of latent classes of depression.

Pregnancy and the transition to parenthood are periods in parents’ lives that require tremendous adjustment. The physical and mental health of mothers during these periods is significantly associated with maternal acceptance. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy and parental acceptance by primiparous mothers in Isfahan, Iran.

A cross-sectional descriptive and correlational study was conducted from September 2021 to February 2022 in Isfahan, Iran. The target population was primiparous mothers in the postpartum period referred to nine different health centers across Isfahan. The participants (n=308) completed three questionnaires, namely demographic, Tabrizi intimate partner violence screening, and parental acceptance questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software (version 22.0). P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The mean score of total IPV was 40.45±28.94. Domestic violence during pregnancy was reported by 59 (19.2%) mothers. The most common types were psychological violence (74.4%), followed by financial abuse (35.1%), sexual violence (17.2%), and physical violence (14.9%). The mean score of parental acceptance was 115.77±12.58. There was a significant inverse correlation between parental acceptance and IPV score (r=-0.15, P=0.005). The number of siblings and birth order had a significant inverse correlation with parental acceptance (r=-0.13, P=0.002; r=-0.13, P=0.002, respectively). Moreover, the age difference between the mothers and their next siblings had a significant direct correlation with parental acceptance (r=0.12, P=0.003).

Primiparous mothers subjected to IPV during pregnancy had lower parental acceptance after delivery.

We aimed to assess the agreement between coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) to determine whether patients with a high coronary artery calcium score (CS) would benefit from CCTA.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients suspected of having coronary artery disease. The patients underwent calcium scoring. The total CS and the number of calcified foci were determined. The calcium score index (CSI) was defined, and coronary arteries were evaluated by CCTA. ICA was performed, and reports of ICA were extracted. All the abovementioned variables were compared. For data analysis, the κ coefficient and the ROC curve were used.

The study population consisted of 195 patients: 124 men (63.6%) and 71 women (36.4%). The median (IQR) value of CS was 529 (229-1042), ranging from 17 to 4717. In all 195 patients, the concordance between the final impression of CCTA and ICA was 90.2%, while the number and type of involved territories were similar at 57.9%. The highest agreement was seen in the left main and right coronary arteries, whereas the lowest agreement was detected in the left anterior descending and the left circumflex artery. The patients were categorized into different CS groups, and in those with a high CS (>1000), the agreement between CCTA and ICA concerning final impression and involved territories was similar to the whole group of patients.

CCTA in patients with a high CS, even exceeding 1000, remains beneficial as the noninvasive available method.

The misuse of opioids is one of the most important problems in today's world, directly affecting the quality sleep for individuals. This study sought to explore the effect of a nursing care program, based on Roy's adaptation model, on the sleep quality of patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.

Methods & Materials:

 This randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted between December 2022 and March 2023, involving 60 opioid abuse patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment at the Addiction Reduction Center in Isfahan. Convenience sampling was employed, with participants allocated randomly using random sequence generation software into the intervention group (n=30) and the control group (n=30). Data was collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire. The intervention comprised a three-month nursing care program based on Roy's adaptation model, while the control group received routine treatments. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 software, utilizing descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results showed a significant decrease in the total average score of sleep quality in the intervention group after the intervention, indicating an improvement in sleep quality (P<0.001). Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the total average score of sleep quality between the intervention and control groups (P>0.05); however, a significant difference was observed after the intervention (P<0.001).

The findings indicate that the nursing care program based on Roy's adaptation model is effective in improving the sleep quality of patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Therefore, this model can provide a promising framework for delivering care to such patients.

The aim of the present study was to compare dental indexes of pediatric Down syndrome (DS) patients to those who are healthy.

This study was carried out based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‑Analysis statement guidelines. The researchers searched title and abstract of major databases, including ProQuest (ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Full Text: Health and Medicine, ProQuest Nursing and Allie Health Source), PubMed, Google Scholar, clinical key, up to date, springer, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science (ISI), up to September 2020 with restriction to English and Persian language This meta‑analysis study had three outcomes: decay/miss/filled index, plaque index, and gingival index. Effect size, including mean difference and its 95% of confidence interval, was calculated. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale measured the quality of the selected studies. Heterogeneity was performed using the Q test and I 2 index, and reporting bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger and Begg’s tests.

Fifteen studies conducted were included in the meta‑analysis process.

It showed that DS patients had a higher plaque index and gingival index than healthy individuals, which means that the oral health status of these patients is worse and needs more attention.

Medication errors are the most serious and common events threatening patient safety. Nursing interns make medication errors due to inexperience and inadequate supervision.

This study aimed to examine the effects of the clinical supervision model (CSM) on medication safety competency and knowledge of nursing interns.

This clinical trial was conducted in 2022 on 70 nursing interns. Data were collected using the Medication Safety Critical Element Checklist, the Medication Safety Knowledge Assessment, and the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale. The CSM and routine supervision were conducted in six sessions for the intervention and control groups, respectively. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, paired t-test, chi-square test, and repeated measures analysis of variance.

Between-group analysis showed that the difference between medication safety competence and knowledge scores in the control and intervention groups was not significant at baseline (P>0.05). Within-group analysis showed that medication safety scores in the intervention group increased significantly over time (P<0.001), in contrast to the control group (P=0.137). Within-group analysis revealed significant changes in medication safety knowledge scores in both the control and intervention groups before and after the intervention (P<0.05). However, between-group analysis showed that the increase was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.001). The mean Manchester Scale score for the intervention group was 127.2, indicating the significant effect of the CSM.

Implementation of the CSM improves the competence and knowledge of nursing interns in the area of medication safety.

Meat and meat products are introduced as one of the carriers of Clostridioides difficile. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of C. difficile isolates in meat and meat products using a systematic review and meta-analysis.

It was performed a literature search in the primary international and bibliographic databases such as MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science to achieve all articles related to the prevalence and antibiotic resistance rates with no time restriction. A total of 54 studies examined C. difficile in 15,010 samples and its resistance to 10 antibiotics.

The pooled prevalence of C. difficile was 3.4% in all samples. C. difficile pooled prevalence was detected in fish, poultry, and red meat samples with 6.9%, 5.2%, and 3.2%, respectively. Regarding antibiotic resistance, the highest pooled prevalence was for ciprofloxacin (86.6%), followed by clindamycin (42.6%) and erythromycin (34%). The lowest pooled prevalence was observed in metronidazole (7.6%), vancomycin (6.6%), and chloramphenicol (6%). We found low resistance to commonly used drugs for C. difficile infection treatment.

Every antibiotic can be a risk factor for CDI development, and drugs such as clindamycin, cephalosporins, and lately fluoroquinolones carry the highest risk. Therefore, we recommend the rational use of antibiotics in veterinary and human medicine

Physical disability caused by multiple sclerosis (MS) increases MS patients' need for support from others. Medication adherence is one of the main success factors in the treatment of chronic diseases, which is influenced by various factors. This study aimed to determine the relationship between perceived social support and medication adherence in patients with MS.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 110 patients (70 women and 40 men) aged 39±9 years with MS who visited the 2 medical training centers of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Kashani and Al-Zahra), Isfahan, Iran during 2021. After sampling by the systematic random method, the data were collected by interviews and using Zimmet's Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS) and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).

The mean and standard deviation of the scores of medication adherence and perceived social support were 6.10±1.72 and 62.83±14.97, respectively. According to the Pearson correlation coefficient, perceived social support did not show any significant relationship with medication adherence (r=0.185, P=0.053). Perceived social support showed a statistically significant relationship with income satisfaction (F=4.54, P=0.01), the pattern of clinical course (F=2.95, P=0.03), difficulty in accessing medical care (t=-2.29, P=0.02), and clinical symptoms, including motor (t=-3.72, P=0.001), balance (t=-3.23, P=0.002), and urinary disorders (t=-2.53, P=0.01).

Perceived social support in patients with MS did not cause medication adherence.