mojgan bayat

The visual stories of the child should be such that they simultaneously familiarize the child with the two linguistic and visual structures, eliminating his focus from text to image and vice versa and assisting him in understanding the information of the story and contributing effectively and purposefully. Perry Nodelman, a theorist in the field, argues that the correct relationship between image and text is that they both share or extend each other with specific characteristics. Otherwise, the relationship between image and text is incorrect. In order to provide a suitable context for the child's involvement with the text, he introduces certain characteristics in the analysis and critique of the correct and incorrect relation between the image and the text. The present study attempts to evaluate and critique the descriptive-analytic method of several selected child stories by Mohammad al-Abd on the basis of these characteristics. The results show that most of these stories (94%) have a correct relation between text and image. Also, the image and text extension index plays a large role (61%) in the correct relation between text and image. Accordingly, the storyteller and painter became aware of the child's world and his or her interests and desires and provided a deep link between the image and the context of the stories and the child's understanding of the story's information correctly, providing the context for the child's involvement with the image and the text.

According to the Politeness theory, in an oral communication a message sendercan use a direct or indirect strategies but the one who has used the indirect strategies more is closer to the situation of Politeness. Children literature that aims at learning children, should be closer to the polite structuresof language, in the process of transformation of message to themessage receivers.Then the author in this field should be aware of expression strategies. This article, based on a descriptive analytical method aims at understand the level of Politeness in the children literature of the contemporary Egyptian novelist, Shadi Faqih (1966). As a result, it is concluded that in 353 dialogs which are narrated in Faqih’s stories at all, the indirect strategy has the most presence (75%) and indirect one is in the lowest rank by (25 %). These statistics indicates that all stories have a desirable level of Politeness, so the author has succeeded in teaching a polite language to the children.