nayere jafarifar

The management of digital resources in national libraries involves significant challenges, particularly in selecting, maintaining, and ensuring long-term accessibility. A crucial element in this process is the storage format of digital resources, which directly affects both the preservation of materials and their usability over time. Below are key reasons why the choice of resource storage formats is important for national libraries:Long-Term Preservation: National libraries manage vast collections of digital materials, from texts to multimedia resources. Choosing a storage format that ensures long-term preservation is essential to prevent data loss over time due to format obsolescence. National Libraries often face challenges of format obsolescence. The right choice of format can minimize the need for complex emulation or migration strategies, which are resource-intensive.Interoperability and Accessibility: Digital collections in national libraries need to be accessible across various platforms, devices, and operating systems. International standards and guidelines, such as those from the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), guide the choice of formats that facilitate interoperability. Adopting these standards ensures that digital resources are accessible not only to national users but also internationally. This is especially important for cultural heritage materials that may be used globally.Efficiency in Storage and Retrieval: When dealing with large-scale collections, efficient storage formats help minimize infrastructure costs. The speed at which data can be retrieved from a storage system is influenced by the format of the resources. Formats that are optimized for efficient access improve search and retrieval times, facilitating quick access to resources for users.Metadata Preservation and Integration: National libraries depend heavily on metadata to ensure that digital objects are easily discoverable and appropriately categorized. Standardized formats are crucial for integrating digital collections with national library cataloging systems and facilitating interoperability between different systems. National libraries must ensure that thedigital resources they store are secure and protected from corruption.User Experience and Engagement: National libraries serve diverse audiences, ranging from academic researchers to the general public. Formats that are easily navigable (e.g., HTML or EPUB for e-books) improve user engagement and accessibility. Interactive or multimedia content (e.g., video, audio) in open formats can provide richer, more engaging experiences. Formats like Unicode-based text formats (e.g., UTF-8) allow for the preservation of multiple languages and scripts, making national library collections accessible to diverse communities, including those with specific linguistic or cultural needs.Legal and Copyright Considerations: Formats may also play a role in how digital rights and licensing information are embedded and protected. Open formats allow for the inclusion of rights management information without reliance on proprietary systems, ensuring proper management of copyrighted materials. The use of appropriate formats for the digital storage of copyrighted content can aid in enforcing digital rights management (DRM) policies. Formats like encrypted PDF or DRM-protected EPUB help libraries protect content according to legal guidelines.Cost-Effectiveness: Choosing the right storage formats can have a significant impact on cost management for national libraries. Open-source and standardized formats tend to be cost-effective compared to proprietary systems that may involve licensing fees, additional maintenance costs, or vendor lock-in. National Libraries must invest in ensuring the longevity and accessibility of their digital collections. By choosing widely accepted formats with strong community support, national libraries can reduce ongoing maintenance and conversion costs associated with less popular or proprietary formats.So, the importance of selecting the right resource storage formats in national libraries cannot be overstated. A well-chosen format ensures the long-term preservation, accessibility, and efficient management of digital collections. It also contributes to the overall mission of national libraries to serve as custodians of cultural heritage, making materials accessible to a global audience while protecting them for future generations. Standardized, open, and widely supported formats are crucial in meeting these objectives, enabling national libraries to optimize their digital storage solutions while maintaining flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and long-term sustainability.

Literature Review:

The results of Sullivan (2006), Thomas & Martin (2006), Hodge & Anderson (2007), Rog & Van Wijk (2008), Van der Knijff (2011), Barabucci & et al (2011), Morrissey (2012), Hajtnik (2012), Jackson (2012), Koo & Chou(2013), Rimkus & et al(2014), Uherek & et al (2015), Termens & et al (2015), Delaney & De Jong(2015), Baratè & et al (2015), Rimkus & Witmer (2016), Anyim (2021), Trianggoro & Prasetyadi (2022) research showed selecting the right format and storage standard for digital collections is a multi-faceted decision that balances accessibility, preservation, interoperability, and user experience. Ensuring that digital collections are presented in a way that aligns with these standards maximizes their utility and longevity. It highlights that while digital libraries have evolved from physical spaces, the principles and practices of resource storage have undergone significant changes. Previous research has addressed these issues, but often as sub-components rather than focusing on them comprehensively. The review indicates that long-term preservation and storage have not been fully explored in the literature.This research aims to identify successful national solutions for preserving and storing resources effectively in digital libraries. In essence, the study seeks to provide a more integrated approach to addressing storage and preservation issues in digital libraries, taking into account both the technological and organizational practices in use today. This effort is important for ensuring that digital resources remain accessible and usable over time, despite the challenges posed by rapid technological change and shifting formats.

This article identifies the use of a variety of standard formats for storing video, text, multimedia, and audio resources in the digital collections of 20 selected national libraries around the world. This study is applied, based on the descriptive-analytical method. For data collection, we used a researcher-made questionnaire. After collecting data, a variety of descriptive statistical techniques such as frequency distribution and frequency percentage and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data.

Based on the results, it was found that image sources were used in all studied collections and cultural objects were less popular with a share of 41%, for TIFF image sources (94%); HTML and XML text sources (75%); WAV audio sources (65%) and AVI multimedia sources (65%) were the most common. Switzerland had the greatest variety in the use of a variety of standards. Also, among the research community, Iran, Britain, the United States, Scotland, Qatar, the Netherlands, France, and Spain had the greatest diversity in storing a variety of digital resources. The statistical community was consistent in using standard formats for a variety of visual, textual, and multimedia resources and followed a similar pattern in selecting storage formats.

The research community had the least amount of diversity of use in the field of multimedia resource storage. Research findings emphasize the use of EPUB for ease of reading books on e-readers, and GP3 was recommended to increase the usability of the mobile version of the digital library, WARC as a special format for web archiving, for long-term protection of digital content of national libraries, because these three formats had the lowest usage in the statistical community.

 The pillars of national security based on Iran’s 20-Year Vision Document may be achieved in the dimensions of social, economic, political, cultural, military, defense, and environmental security. The present article aims to identify and introduce the top research in each area by monitoring the scientific output in this field in the country. 

 The present research is an applied research with a scientometric approach conducted cross-sectionally between 2001 and 2023. A total of 6,554 indexed articles on national security in the ISC database were quantitatively reviewed to identify the top scientific outputs and important research topics in national security in Iran. Scientific maps were drawn using bibliometrics in R and VOSviewer software.    

 The trend of scientific production was upward, and the highest number of publications in all fields was between 2013 and 2018. The analysis of the statistical population showed that most of the research was conducted on social security, accounting for 42.05% of all national security outputs. Economic security with 19.49% and political security with 14.82% respectively ranked second and third. The journal “Studies of Social Security” was recognized as the leading journal with 460 articles in the field of social security and 26 articles in the field of cultural security. The scientific monthly “Economic Security” in the field of economic security; “Strategic Studies” in the fields of military security, political security, and environmental security published the most articles, and the journal “Defense Policy” was recognized as the superior in the field of defense security. The research journal “Law and Order Security” had the highest impact factor (1.96) and the journal “Environmental Science and Technology” had the highest accumulative citation (467).

 Geopolitical issues and the orientation of Iran’s foreign policy in the international system, legitimizing the system, cyber threats, and governance of media and social networks require further research to achieve scientific maturity in the field of national security.

The article analyzed and illustrated scientific works in the field of digital business in the WOS citation database based on scientometrics indicators.

The study employed a quantitative approach to examine scientific works in the field of digital business published between 1985 and 2022 in the Web of Science (WOS). Using scientific indicators such as co-word analysis and network analysis, the results of a subject search conducted in the advanced search section of the Web of Science (WOS) were initially saved in .xlsx format to eliminate unrelated items and overlaps. The search was then performed again, disabling unrelated results and overlaps. The refined search results were exported from WOS and saved in plain text format using Bibexcel to ensure uniformity. UciNet and VOSviewer were utilized to create scientific maps and assess density. The statistical population consists of 1,076 articles.

Over the past 37 years, from 1985 to 2005, the production of scientific works remained below five. A significant increase in the production of scientific works occurred in 2007, with a total of 42 works produced. The trend in scientific publications has been steadily increasing. The highest number of works was published in 2022, with a total of 182 publications. This was followed by 2021, which saw the publication of 165 works, 2020 with 136 works, and 2019 with 126 works. These years were among the most productive for publishing scientific research in the field of digital business. Therefore, it was concluded that the field of digital business has gained significant importance globally. The results of the survey on the most prevalent topics within digital business indicatedthat researchers in business economics, computer science, engineering, information science, and telecommunications have devoted considerable attention to this area. By examining the scientific map of digital business, it was determined that it consists of five clusters. The first cluster contains 27 keywords, the second cluster has 20 keywords, the third cluster includes 17 keywords, the fourth cluster comprises 16 keywords, and the fifth cluster contains 13 keywords. In total, these clusters encompass 93 key topics in the field of digital business. Therefore, the scientific landscape of digital business exhibits strong subject coherence and visibility, while the structure of the co-word network in this field demonstrates significant continuity.

Based on the density map of digital business topics created using VOSviewer. The result indicated that "innovation" is a prominent research topic in this field. Additionally, the subjects of "digital transformation, "digital business, and "digitalization" have emerged as core areas of focus in the realm of digital business research. Other subjects related to performance include business models, information technology, digital business strategy, big data, digital business models, and the digital business ecosystem. These topics were identified as central themes in the scientific landscape of digital business. Consequently, the resulting density map effectively highlights the key research areas that are prioritized by researchers. The analysis of thematic clusters examined the use of digital technologies, such as the Internet of Things, blockchain, and digital platforms, as essential components of the digital business ecosystem. It emphasized their significant role in the future of this ecosystem. The strategic diagram derived from the research indicated that the digital business transformation cluster has reached maturity. The e-commerce and Internet of Things clusters are developed but remain distinct. The digital business strategy is situated within the peripheral (growing) clusters, while the digital transformation cluster is located in the central but underdeveloped areas. Therefore, it is concluded that conducting research on these topics is essential. This research offers valuable insights into the process of knowledge production within the realm of digital businesses, benefiting researchers, decision-makers, and industry professionals. By analyzing and illustrating the scientific literature on digital business indexed in the Web of Science (WOS), it became possible to identify the topics that interest digital business scholars, as well as those that have garnered more attention and produced a greater volume of research. This analysis also highlights emerging and expanding areas of interest.

The article examines the scientific production of artificial intelligence (AI) in Iran and identifies the top scientific productions of AI in the field of macro-research topics at the national level.
The research method was descriptive-applied with a Scientometrics approach. The paper reviewed 804 Persian works on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC) between 2002 and 2024. To index thematic articles with a quantitative approach, Scientometrics techniques were used to define thematic terms through semi-automatic indexing. A total of 357 keywords, repeated 2807 times, represented the research topic.
Scientific productions have been done in six subject areas: Humanities (285 articles), Engineering (182 articles), Agriculture (125 articles), Medical (102 articles), Environment and Natural Resources (62 articles), Science (48 articles). The most frequent topics in Humanities include stock market, economic development and planning, money and financial institutions, financial management, accounting, auditing and law, economics, information management, and human resources management. In Engineering, topics such as structure, hydraulic structures, transportation, water resources, information technology, marine structures, data processing, earthquake, control, and identification technology were prevalent. In Agriculture, topics covered include agriculture management, water resources, irrigation, soil science, drainage, waste management, environment, soil protection, and mechanization and mechanics of agricultural machines. Medical topics encompass general medicine, diseases, medical science, health, biotechnology, psychiatry, clinical psychology, pathology, physiology, and neuroscience. Environment and natural resources topics include watershed management, natural resources management, watersheds, environment, ecology, soil protection, forest and forestry, environment management, desert, and environment pollution. Science topics cover geology generalities, geochemistry, stratigraphy, sedimentology, applied mathematics, social aspects of sciences, geophysics, science and technology, and applied geology, which were identified as the most important topics emphasized by AI scientific productions in Iran. Humanities and Engineering were among the first fields to have scientific works in the field of AI in ISC since 2002. Since 2008, Science and Agriculture in ISC have published works in the field of AI, environment, and natural resources, succeeding in producing valid scientific works in the field of AI since 2009. Compared to other major research fields, the medical field entered the AI field with a delay, and its first productions are from 2011. In all major research areas of Iran, the trend of scientific production of AI has been growing. Humanities, as the oldest field, and Medical, as the youngest field, have shown a better growth chart than others. Water Resources Engineering Journal and Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering, with the most published articles in the field of AI (12 articles), were recognized as the best in this field in Iran. Signal and Data Processing and Water and Soil Science ranked second by publishing 11 articles, and the Journal of Water and Soil Conservation ranked third by publishing 10 articles in the field of AI. The University of Tehran was recognized as the most prominent university in Iran with the most AI scientific productions in Humanities, Environment, Natural Resources, and Science, while the University of Tabriz won the first rank in AI scientific productions in Engineering and Agriculture. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences achieved the highest position of AI scientific products in Medical. Roya Darabi, a prominent figure in the field of Humanities, published 8 articles; Vahid Nourani, with the publication of 8 articles, is a prominent figure in the field of Engineering; Kiyoumars Roushangar, with the publication of 4 articles, is a prominent figure in the field of Agriculture; Javad Haddadnia, with the publication of 3 articles, is a prominent figure in the medical field; Jamshid Piri, with the publication of 3 articles, is a prominent figure in the field of environment and natural resources; Ata Allah Nadiri was recognized as a prominent figure in the field of basic science in AI scientific productions by publishing 5 articles.
The findings of the current research offer insights from Iran's research perspective in the field of artificial intelligence, providing valuable information for the scientific community, technology, and innovation policy makers. The analysis, derived from observing Iran's artificial intelligence scientific productions at ISC, is of interest not only to artificial intelligence experts but also to other researchers and the general public. By identifying notable cases in the field of artificial intelligence in Iran, a strategy can be developed to facilitate further cooperation and interaction, aiming to achieve optimal results.

The purpose of this study is systematic reviewing of organizing metadata standards to find the status of researches in digital libraries. The research attempted to categorize them in terms of the functional area and role that they play in digital libraries. By identifying the statue studded standards, it is possible to determining the functional place of other standards that expanded in the digital library area and are functionally similar to covered standards in this research. In this way, systematic review used for study. By searching in databases, finally 42 research selected for final review. Findings showed that The organizing standards based on they role in digital library; could be classified in seven sections (include Resource description, Resource structure determination, Resource management, Resource content organization, Local format definition in digital library database management system, Semantic context and interoperability). Then a set of standards in each area identified (50 standards in total). The results finally showed that MARC with 60.5%, DC with 44.7% and OAI and MODS with 42.1% were the most known standards. Audio-MD, VIDEO-MD with 5.3% also were the most unknown.

The present study aimed to identify and prioritize the effective indicators on the development of Iranian digital libraries from the view point of the experts to provide a roadmap for the successful development of Iranian digital libraries.

This was an applied research method with descriptive approach. The research population consists of 15 Iranian digital library experts. Data collected by research made questionnaire. For data analysis, we used statistical methods like descriptive and inferential frequency, percentage, and Likert scale.

Digital Library Federation (DLF) defines digital libraries as organizations that provide the resources, including the specialized staff, to select, structure, offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute, preserve the integrity of, and ensure the persistence over time of collections of digital works so that they are readily available for use by a defined community or set of communities. As this defined showed, four major elements (human resources, collections, services, technology) have considerable effect on design and development of digital libraries and if a digital library is intended to be established and developed, each of these axes should be carefully examined according to research findings, Iranian digital library experts in order to develop  digital library  believe  a number of factors in four main areas included Human resources (15 components), Collection development (12 components), Services (18 components) and Technology (19 components). All 64 components were introduced as indicator for the development of Iranian digital libraries.

Based of the results, using of information science specialists and digital librarians with the highest score (4.87 from 5 on the Likert scale) was the most important components. Also, using of lawyers (in the field of copyright and Digital Library contracts) has earned the lowest rank (3.67 from 5) on the Likert scale). This research has been based on the opinions and views of the Iranian digital library experts. The capabilities and requirements of practical knowledge in this field do offer a comprehensive plan for the development of these systems. The results of this study will help all officials and administrators in the country take better decisions in theory and practice.

The purpose of this study is to identify and determine standards in Iranian digital libraries that most widely used. The research method is descriptive-analytic. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three parts storage standards, Meta data standards and interoperability protocols. Respondents reported that most commonly supported file formats are in storage standards part: in Text File Formats, PDF (With 95% usage); in Image File Formats, JPEG (With 63.7% usage); in Audio Formats, MP3 (With 63.7% usage) and in Video Formats, AVI (With 45.5% usage). Most commonly supported standards are in Meta data part: MARC (With 77.3% usage) and Dublin Core (With 59.1% usage), in Descriptive metadata; METS (With 22.7% usage), in Structural metadata; but PREMIS Administrative metadata standard (With 10% usage) Lowest usage. Z39.50 (With 77.3% usage) is most used in interoperability protocols. OAI (With 22.7% usage) and OAI-PMH (With 9.1% usage) in IRAN less are used. The results of this study showed that 95% of Iranian digital libraries use Digital Library software produced by Iranian companies. Software support from any standard has an effective role in using it by libraries. The result of the Chi- square test showed that university libraries are more likely to use standards than other libraries (national, professional / research, general).

The purpose of this study is Analysis of scientific publications produced in the field Digital library in Web of science Based on the indices scientometrics. This study is cross-sectional survey and applied. Research community is all indexed scientific production in the field of digital library, between the years 1992-2015 in Web of science. The results showed that America and England as two countries are leading the production of knowledge in the field of digital libraries and Iran ranks is 30 in the world. The highest number of branches in the field of computer science (information systems), and library and information science is placed at the second position. Premier author Digital library areas is Edward Fox with 26 work. Doctor Ali Shiri in between Iranian researchers most scientific works in the field of digital library has indexed in Web of science. Until 2006 with proportionate growth in the production of paper in Web of science and after it has been less. Digital libraries around the world are spreading, lack of strong scientific support, in the future Digital libraries will be adverse effects.