rashidzadeh

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Licorice) is a perennial shrub growing in Mediterranean region and Asia and is widespread in Turkey, Italy and specially Iran. Licorice is a favorable herb used in food and medicinal remedies for thousands of years. This herb contains a variety of substances, among which glycyrrhizin is the most effective substance, giving a sweet taste to the root (30 to 50 times sweeter than sucrose). The roots of the study species were collected from the Kurdistan Agricultural Research and Education Center. All samples were dried and then powdered to extract the glycyrrhizin with different methods including modified Rosen, pre ultrasonic and post ultrasonic methods at 30 and 60 minutes, ultrasound frequencies of 35 and 100 kHz and a constant temperature of 60⁰C. The results showed that there were significant differences among the study treatments (P

The most common methods of extraction of oil from oils seeds are pressing and solvent methods that the most effective method of extracting sunflower oil, like other seeds with high oil content such as rapeseed, is mechanical press and then solvent extraction. In this research, to model the process of oil extraction from sunflower seeds on an industrial scale, three levels cooking temperature (70, 80 and 90 ° C) and three levels of moisture of the output seeds from the cooker (7, 7.5 and 8 %) was used and the amount of oil acidity, the contentt of oil, protein and moisture of meal and the percentage of insoluble fine partical in oil were studied. To predict the change's trend the artificial neural network in MATLAB R2013a software was used. By studying the various networks of back propagation feed forward network with topologies 2-10-5 with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.999 and the mean squared error of less than 0.003 and with using sigmoid hyperbolic of tangent activation function, the Levenberg–Marquardt learning algorithm and learning cycle of 1000 were specified as the best neural model. The results of the optimized and selected models were evaluated and these models with high correlation coefficients (over 0.96), were able to predict the change's trend.

Titanium dioxide-nickel oxide porous coatings were synthesized by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO)/ ElectroPhoretic Deposition (EPD) in one step and within a short time. The main purpose of this research was to increase photocatalytic activity of titanium oxide by increasing surface area and coupling of titanium oxide with nickel oxide. Applied voltage effects on phase structure, surface morphology and photocatalytic efficiency of coatings were studied. Phase structure and surface morphology of the synthesized catalysts were investigated by XRD and SEM, respectively. Photocatalytic efficiency of the samples was studied through measuring the decomposition rate of 4-chlorophenol. The results showed that the coatings mainly consisted of anatase and nickel oxide phases whose amounts in coatings increased with the voltage. There was an enhancement of the photocatalytic efficiency in TiO2/NiO composite coatings compared with TiO2 coatings. Besides, there was an optimum amount of NiO to reach maximum photocatalytic efficiently.

In this study, geometrical properties (length, width, thickness, arithmetic & geometric diameter, surface area, picture area and sphericity), gravitational properties (thousand kernel weight, bulk and kernel densities, volume and porosity) and frictional properties (emptying, filling angles and friction coefficients against different surfaces) of three varieties of chickpea (Arman, Hashem and 93-93 varieties)were evaluated within 4 levels of moisture. The results showed that chickpea length, width, arithmetic mean diameter, geometrical mean diameter and picture area of 93-93 variety were 10.6 and 9.3; 2.5 and 0.4; 5.3 and 3.5; 4.7 and 2.5; 18.3 and 15% higher than Arman and Hashem varieties, respectively. Moisture content had a significant effect (p<0.01) on gravitational properties (thousand kernel weight, bulk and kernel densities, volume and porosity). To indicate physical properties of variations of chickpeas, results were represented by first-degree regression equations and R2.

Core-shell 12-tungstophosphoric acid/TiO2 (HPW/TiO2) nanoparticles at 10 and 20% of HPW have been synthesized by simple in-situ sol- gel method. Characterization of the samples was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The X-ray diffraction patterns of as prepared solid samples, indicated characteristic peaks of titania with additional peaks concerning to HPW in a very low intensities. This result in addition to the FTIR and SEM - EDX analysis data confirmed incorporation of HPW / TiO2 nanostructure in spherical morphology with a particle size of around 25 nm.

The purpose of this study was to consider the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy on the marital satisfaction and intimacy of chemical patient couples in Sardasht. The sample consisted of 30 patients which were selected accessibility. Cognitive-behavioral therapy was carried out on the experimental group in 10 sessions over a period of 1/5 hours. The questionnaires were ENRICH martial inventory and Intimacy Scale (IS) which were completed by participants before and after intervention. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that cognitivebehavior therapy increased marital satisfaction and intimacy in experimental group significantly in comparison with the control group (p<00.1). In general, this method modified marital satisfaction and intimacy of couples.

Catalyst deactivation is usually indispensable, although the rate at which it occurs varies greatly. At first, this article discusses the causes of deactivation in a commercial hydrocracking unit called Isomax. Then, a 5-lump kinetic model including catalyst decay function for hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil in a commercial plant is proposed. The model considers vacuum gas oil (VGO) having boiling point higher than 380oC (380+°C), diesel (260-380°C), kerosene (150-260°C), naphtha (IBP:150°C), and gas as products. By using selective catalyst decay function in the kinetic model, the effect of the catalyst deactivation on the yield of products over time is studied. The prediction of the model during 1.5 years is in good agreement with the actual commercial data. The average absolute deviation (AAD%) of the model for the strategic products like naphtha, kerosene and diesel are about 1.784%, 1.983% and 1.971%, respectively. Also it is observed that the estimated parameters are consistent with the reported characteristics of amorphous catalysts.

Military beliefs of the supreme commander-in-chief as one of the major sources and criteria of understanding the military orientation and nature of the army forces of the I.R. of Iran is of great significance from the supreme leader and jurisdiction perspectives. His Excellency the supreme commander-in-chief military beliefs can be approached from various perspectives. On one hand their religious foundations and on the other theoretical effects of H.E. Ideas as well as the jurisdiction initiatives in development and strengthening of military authority and H.E.'s military conduct playing a crucial role in the awareness and sustainability of the front of truth against that of falsehood are worthy of attention. It is, therefore, justified to launch a scientific investigation on H.E.'s military beliefs and understand, thereby, foundations of crusade in favor of Allah.The motive behind this study is an encouragement towards wisdom and rational education in favor of Allah's ideas, awareness, and sustainability. Materialization of this objective depends on an understanding of the belief system of H.E. Ayatollah Khamenee.The major question addressed here revolves around the nature of the belief system, especially H.E.'s military one, justification to elaborate it and necessity of development and strengthening them originated from the statements and approaches of the leader of Muslims all around the world.

The catalyst used for partial oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide is Ag/α-Al2O3 which its physicochemical properties، i. e.، surface area، pore volume، silver contents and their dispersion profoundly affect its catalytic performance. In this research، alpha alumina as catalyst support with surface area and pore volume of 0. 5- 1. 2 m2 g-1 and 0. 11– 0. 2 ml g-1، were prepared by physical mixing، grinding، extrusion and calcination. The deposition method of silver metal on catalyst support and the use of alkali metal during the catalyst preparation affect the silver particle dispersion on catalyst. In this work wetimpregnationmethod was used for catalyst preparation. Silver particles size، their percent dispersion and contents were determined using transmission electron microscope (TEM)، x-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic absorption (AA). Results showed that the catalyst prepared in this work with the same silver content had higher silver percent dispersion compare tothe commercial type catalyst. Silver content، silver percent dispersion and silver particles size for catalyst prepared in this work and the commercial catalyst were in the range of، 5. 25-14. 30، 14. 3 wt%; 34. 40-19. 61، 4. 31 % and 67. 3-112. 1، 90. 3 nm.

Military power and authority are strategic notions among the many other fundamental issues in international relations and international security and believed as a great accountability. As far as the Iranian military sector is concerned, the very existence of efficient, deterring and security founding military forces is taken as an evidence of national military authority. Such an authority and the insuring measures as well as commands originate from the jurisdiction and thereby subject to entrust of authority by the jurisdiction, they emanate from the senior hierarchy of commanding. Military forces are, thereby, bestowed to establish security for Islamic system of administration. Then, aimed at explaining the substance, justification and process of strengthening the military authority, this study attempts to answer the questions: "what brings about a dominant military power and authority? What are the native foundations, principles and measures of the military authority and what are the distinctive features of military power and authority? Findings of this study sustain that development and strengthening the military power and authority is positively correlated with the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom, science and technology and volunteer's military education as devoted followers of the jurisdiction. Realization of the military power and authority rests upon qualifications and capabilities of army forces elaboration of qualities scarifies transparency, public awareness and doing symbolic tasks.

In this paper five new amine salts of NTO have been prepared and characterized. Dimethyleguanidine, diethylegunidine, melamine, cyclohexamethylentetramine, and cemicarbazide are the amines that have been used in the preparation of the NTO salts. These NTO salts were characterized by 1HNMR, 13CNMR and IR spectroscopy. Some of the explosive properties such as impact and friction sensitivity of the NTO salts were investigated by standard methods. The results obtained indicated that these salts are less sensitive to impact than NTO while having the same friction sensitivity as NTO. The thermal analysis of these salts was done by DSC method, and the obtained temperature exotherm indicated that they are of suitable thermal stability.

Composites of polyaniline with calcium carbonate particles (PANI/CaCO3) with different CaCO3 content (0-40 %w/w) were prepared. Two different methods of in situ polymerization and solution mixing were used for PANI/CaCO3 composite preparation. The composite was characterized using FT-IR, SEM, electrical conductivity measurement and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The incorporation of CaCO3 particles in polyaniline matrix in both methods of composite preparation was confirmed by FT-IR results. Electrical conductivity measurements showed that the conductivity of the composite decreases by increasing the CaCO3 loading in polyaniline. Also, the anticorrosive property of the PANI/CaCO3 composite coating on iron samples was investigated in various corrosive environments. According to the results, the corrosion rate or corrosion current of PANI/CaCO3 composite coated iron coupons was much lower (96.75%) than polyaniline coated samples. Also, results showed that the corrosion current of composite coated samples varies with the variation of the CaCO3 content in composite coating, and the optimum CaCO3 content of composite coating to achieve the best anticorrosive performance on iron is 10 %w/w.