rasool khansari

The economic value added of banks is a new approach to assessing the performance of banks that, while not having accounting problems in profit and loss statements, can predict the financial health of banks. Unlike developed countries, the most important measure of financial performance in Iranian banks is net profit, but modern financial theory seeks to maximize value rather than maximize profit. The lack of a culture of using value-based financial performance metrics has neglected important and irrefutable concepts such as capital expenditures and opportunity costs. In addition, this criterion is influenced by various factors that can have a positive or negative effect on it. Therefore, it is important to measure this criterion and examine the effect of various factors on it in the Iranian banking network.

In this paper, the effect of various financial and non-financial factors on the economic value added of banks, during the period 2006-2018, is investigated using panel data approach. Experimental literature has been used to identify the factors affecting banks' economic value added.

The results show the distinct behavior of economic value added in different cycle periods. In addition, improving risk management in the banks and improving banks' financial health has a positive effect on the economic value added of the Iranian banks. An examination of the combination of banks' asset and debt portfolio indicates that banks' approach to raising earning assets can help improve banks' economic value added.

The financial ratios approach in evaluating the performance of the Iranian banking network, while having accounting problems, cannot adequately express the health status of a bank. Therefore, in addition to applying the financial ratios approach, it is also important to measure the economic value added of banks as a new financial approach to evaluate the performance of banks and to evaluate the most important factors affecting it.

As a mechanism to enhance financial system stability and a process that allows banks to change their role from traditional lenders to originators and distributors of loans, securitization reduces the dependence on customer deposits. Also, it expands lending capacity, manages banks credit risk, and transforms illiquid assets into saleable securities. In this research, GMM method in three formats is used for the 16 selected Iranian banks. Results show that real sector growth positively and significantly increase financial stability in the Iranian economy. This is because of the economic scale augmentation and its impact on creating new financial resources. Meanwhile, the non-performing loans ratio significantly diminishes banking stability as well as it lowers banks' capacity to generate revenues from intermediary activities. Moreover, return is affected by the inflationary conditions which heightens revenue making and equity factors in banks' balance sheets. In order to generate higher revenues and gain upper profits, banking resources are occasionally withdrawn to enter other financial markets. Loans to deposits ratio, representing the credit risk in banking systems, denotes that higher risk in credit areas exacerbates financial stability due to the higher probability of risk appetite in generating loans to the general public. Also, security size highlights that although it is expected that securitization augments the financial stability in the banking system, other indicators would also be influential on financial stability. In other words, the higher the security size, the bigger its impact on banking stability. Furthermore, Lending capacity augments as a result of risk management and transforming illiquid assets into saleable securities.

In the last two decades, the microfinance industry has grown exponentially both in terms of the number and types of customers and service providers and in terms of methods and processes, with the goal of empowering the poorest people. Today, conventional microfinance is mainly based on a loan agreement with interest. Considering the prohibition of Riba in Islamic economics, it is necessary to use the Islamic contracts for microfinancing. Profit-making contracts, including Mubadala (exchange) and Musharakah (participation) because of their specific characteristics, can be used in this regard. However, the question to be asked here is which of the various types of these contracts are more appropriate for the development of Islamic microfinance activities? To answer this question first needs identifying the criteria for desirable contracts in microcredit system. In this paper, first we study the most important criteria and then we use them to ranking profit-making contracts according to applicability in Islamic microfinance system using fuzzy TOPSIS as one of the MCDM techniques. According to results there are 9 important criteria for this issue in microcredit system. Also the results show that, Murabaha, Jua'ala and Ijara are the most sutibale contracts for microcredit, respectively.

Economic Value Added, or EVA is one of the popular tools that bankers can use to measure the financial performance of their bank. EVA helps management to conduct internal goal-setting. The long-term goal is preferred than short-term implications. It measures the company’s financial performance based on the residual wealth calculated by deducting its cost of capital from its operating profit, adjusted for taxes on a cash basis. It helps to capture the real economic profit of a company. The main objective of this study is to examine the Iranian banks' financial performance based on EVA which is the modern concept introduced to evaluate the performance of banks. Data are collected for the study, which consisted annual reports of the banks from 2006 to 2017 (12 years). Private banks selected in this study were associated with increased non-performing loan to total loan, reduced capital adequacy, reduced profits and increased inefficiencies. All of these factors have led to reduction not only in the economic value of banks but also the negative EVA of selected banks. Banks are encouraged to identify unnecessary activities and reduce the cost of providing services to improve the economic value added of banks.

The Sukuk market has become the fastest growing segment of the Islamic financial services industry. Governments and other corporate entities have started tapping the local and international Sukuk markets in order to raise the required funds. The investor base is also expanding and Sukuk has now become a popular and obvious choice for retail investors in a number of jurisdictions. However, because of lack of suitable market conditions and some cross-border restrictions, the international Sukuk market is not developed enough in Iran. Using international Sukuk issuance data for 2001–2015, this study investigates the determinants of international Sukuk issuance and the capacity of issuing such securities in Iranian financial market. We use ANOVA analysis and PCA to explore main factors. Using the data of 34 indicators for 21 countries that have issued international Sukuk, we found that the main determinants of international Sukuk issuance are the ratios of bank deposits to GDP (%), Stock market capitalization to GDP (%), International debt issues to GDP (%) and outstanding international public debt securities to GDP (%). After determination of the basic factors for the countries, using the discriminant model, we estimated the Iranian financial market’s capacity for issuing international Sukuk.

The economic topics and transactions in Islamic doctrine are often of a confirmatory nature. The economic theorists develop transaction methods and instruments according to the society’s needs. Then the financial jurists examine those methods and instruments within the framework of Shariah’s principles and rules, and choose between them. The challenge faced by economic jurisprudence studies is that this topic is interdisciplinary and there is no valid research methodology in this field. On the one hand, the economic theorists don’t have sufficient proficiency in the jurisprudential complexities regarding financial instruments and they can’t infer the required Shariah-based rules, and on the other hand, these instruments are so complex that one can’t trust a simple fitwa (judgment) in which many of the aspects, details and applications of the issue have not been described.
This paper tries to provide a reliable method for inferring the economic jurisprudential issues. In this model, called multi-phase Ijtihad, after presenting a detailed analysis of the issue, the researcher examines its jurisprudential aspects. Then, after considering the views of economic jurisprudence experts on the issue and processing the information, the arguments will be summed up. In case of disagreement, the researcher exchanges views between the experts. When he gets confident, stating the critical points, he presents the issue to the Fiqh scholars in order for them to say their opinion about it, and if they approved, the final jurisprudential rule will be obtained.

After the recent financial crisis, liquidity risk management in banks has received more importance, as the result of many shortcomings in LRM, in a way that considerable portion of international organization's guidelines like Basel Committee has focused on it, and for implementing these guidelines, many countries have developed new guidelines on LRM. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the expected LRM structure in Iranian banks that should be implemented according to LRM guideline of Central Bank of Islamic Republic of Iran. This evaluation should be accomplished considering the aforementioned gaps and the coverage of new dimension in LRM. Hence, in this paper we evaluate LRM guideline in Iranian banking system and remark its shortcomings. Besides evaluating and criticizing this guideline that has been developed simultaneous with financial crisis and based on Basel Committee’s sound practices for managing liquidity in banking organizations (2000); identifying other regulatory shortcomings and introducing the necessity of developing regulation in LRM area can be considered as effective steps in setting a comprehensive regulatory framework for LRM and leading banks to apply them and finally enforce sound LRM in banking system.

This article is Intends to Introduce the method of liquidity risk management in international payment systems. It focuses on two different payment systems practiced in European Union and USA which settle high volume of large value transactions in the financial system. It has been observed that the liquidity risk management in these systems shows a tendency toward more reliance on collateral management. The variety of eligible collaterals in these systems (particularly after recent crisis) demonstrates more appropriate access of participants to required liquidity and more efficient management of liquidity risk in these payment systems. While examining accessible eligible collaterals in SATNA payment system in Iran, it demonstrates enormous gap with other systems in this area. Not only this matter can result in wide systemic risk in the financial system in normal conditions (by facing banks with intraday liquidity risk in the settlement process of transactions), but it can also cause systematic crisis in the financial system and hence in the economy during stress conditions. Hence in this article, it has been emphasized on the importance of applying new approach towards liquidity risk management in SATNA payment system, and introducing eligible assets for exerting this approach and the significance of using various eligible securities in the current approach. Moreover, the perquisites for successful functioning of this approach and the mentioned instruments in liquidity risk management of SATNA payment system have been taken into consideration.