sadegh karimzadeh

Determining the source of moral judgment is one of the main concerns of moral philosophers. Some western thinkers have considered the collective agreement as the standard of value and basis for establishing moral rules. In Islamic thought, Usulists have used the rule of reason through jurisprudential inferences. In view of these apparent relationships, the present research tries to measure the feasibility of establishing or discovering moral judgment based on the foundation of reason in the view of Usulians, using a descriptive-analytical method. If the intrinsic validity is accepted and it is not possible to reject the rational foundations, it is possible to obtain a basis for discovering the moral judgment based on the rational foundations. However, the findings of the research show that the arguments of the defenders of the intrinsic validity of rational constructs, including their rationality, have a fundamental flaw and are ineffective in inferring moral judgment. The study shows that the use of rationality in the discovery of moral rules faces other theoretical and methodological difficulties. Differentiating the nature of authenticity and validity in rational constructions compared to moral values, the ontological distinction of value in relation to rational constructions, and criterain of values versus the rationality and rationality of rational constructions are among these difficulties.

Successful organizations in today's turbulent and competitive environment are those that institutionalize innovation in all their functional elements. Based on this, in the present research, a suitable model for evaluating the capacity of organizational innovation is presented.

The current research is applied based on its purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study included 28 experts of the studied organization. After identifying the innovation indicators based on the library study, the fuzzy Delphi technique was used to determine the final indicators. Also, fuzzy inference system was used to design the research model. So, 3 sub-FIS and 1 main FIS were designed in MATLAB software, which were used as the basis for innovation capacity evaluation.

The developed model includes 3 dimensions of input status (existence of culture of innovation, transformational leadership, innovation as part of strategy, mission, vision and teamwork), process  status (research and development capacity, open innovation, idea management and research collaborations) and output status (efficiency and effectiveness of innovative products and investment on producing innovative product). To implement the model, data from an military organization was used, which determined the value of organizational innovation capacity as 0.68. The little difference of the system output (0.68) with the average of experts judgements (0.65) about performance of the organizational innovation indicates the validity of the proposed model.

The presented model will provide a suitable tool and perspective for managers to analyze the innovation gap and create improvements in the organization.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of canola meal peptides (CP) produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of canola meal, antibiotic (Virginiamycin®), probiotic (Dipro®) and prebiotic (Agrimos®) on intestinal morphology and gut microflora of broiler chicks. A total of 200 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments with 4 replicates of 10 birds per each. Broiler chicks were fed with basal diets (Control), 250 mg CBP/kg, 200 mg antibiotic/kg, 1 g prebiotic/kg and 400 mg probiotic/kg for a 42 d feeding trial. Results indicated that villus height, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum, jejunum and ileumin in chicks fed by CP and probiotic increased and crypt depth significantly decreased (P

Sometimes، the deepest and most effective human life relationships، matrimony relationships، face with some anarchies and incompatibilities that if they were not considered، they would have some bad effects on individuals and society. Many components are related to these matrimony incompatibilities that one of them is wives'' traits. One of these traits is pudency which although has received more attention in Islamic teachings، there are a few quantitative studies about that. This study aims to investigate the relationship betweenwives'' pudency and matrimony incompatibilities. Among 140 people (65 married men and 75 married women) as the sample، matrimony conflict (MCQR) and pudency tests were performed. There is a correlation between these two tests. According to the results، there is a significant positive relationship between negative pudency (like shyness) and matrimony incompatibilities. In addition، there is a significant negative relationship between positive pudency (like God-pudency and self-pudency) and matrimony incompatibilities. The results showed that the women''s pudency has more relationship with matrimony incompatibilities that it is in consistence with Islamic teachings. In this study، the relationship between different aspects of pudency and matrimony incompatibilities was analyzed.

The aim of this research is to study the relation between self-understanding, moral judgment and moral behavior and compare them among two groups of normal adolescents and adolescents with conduct disorder. In this way, twenty normal adolescents (boys) and twenty adolescents with conduct disorder (boys), from middle and high schools in four educational regions in Qom, were randomly chosen by cluster sampling. The information needed for the research was gathered by clinical interview, and also by implementing the DSM/IV indicators of misconduct. Data analysis was performed using independent t, k2, and Mann Whitney U statistical tests, which demonstrated that among the two groups, based on the self-as-object scheme of self-understanding there is a meaningful difference. The normal group is more likely to use the social scheme and the group with conduct disorder is more likely to use the active scheme; also the normal group, with respect to the level of transformation of self-understanding with self-as-object, is in the third level and the other group is in the second level. With respect to the transformation levels of self-as-I factors, the normal group is in the second level and the other group in the first level. A comparison between the groups with respect to transformation levels of moral judgment also showed that the normal group is one level higher than the group with conduct disorder. Therefore, there is a meaningful difference between the mentioned groups. In conclusion, the hypothesis of the existence of a relation between moral judgment levels and moral behavior has gained some supporting evidence in this research. However, confirming potential relations between self-understanding and moral behavior, in other words intermediation of self-understanding between transformation of moral judgment and moral behavior, requires further research.