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The quality of the parent-child interaction plays a major role in children’s normal development. Social skill acquisition is also part of children’s socialization process which can lead to an ideal emotional relationships. The purpose of the present study then was to determine the role of attachment styles in the prediction of social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder and to examin the mediating role of emotion regulation in this relation.

In a descriptive-analytical study, among Tehran clinics and autism schools 420 children (315 boys, 105 girls) with Autism Spectrum Disorder were assessed in the 2022 year by the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ), and the Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM). A sample of 102 children (24 girls and 78 boys) was selected with a ≥19 score in ASSQ and >70 in RCPM. All children’s parents completed the Autism Social Skills Profile (ASSP), Middle Childhood Attachment Scale (MCAS), and Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) as well. Path Analysis analyzed the data in SPSS Macro version 24.

The Spearman correlation matrix showed that attachment style has a negative and direct correlation with social skills (r= -0.42) and by moving from a secure to an insecure attachment style it is possible to predict a weakness in social skills. In addition, emotion regulation showed a positive correlation with social skills (r= 0.57). Path analysis showed that one unit increase in emotion regulation could add 0.89 units to social skills. Although no direct effect was observed on social skills by attachment styles, emotional regulation could significantly mediate the relationship between attachment styles and social skills.

Considering the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship between attachment styles and social skills in children with autism, it can be concluded that parents play an important role in creating a secure attachment style and help children acquire social skills with emotional regulation.

The aim of this study was to provide a valid Persian version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, in order to compensate the lack of developmental screening tools in Iran. Forward and backward translation, face and content validity determination, and cultural and linguistic adaptation of the questionnaires were performed, consecutively. Next, a pilot study was carried out on 100 Iranian parents of 4- to 60-month-old children, recruited by consecutive sampling in Tehran, Iran during the year 2006 to determine the degree of clarity for each item and explore cultural adaptations. In order to determine inter-rater reliability, we had parents of 38 children complete the questionnaires. For determining the psychometric properties of the tests, we later recruited a representative sample of 555, 4- to 6-year-old children by consecutive sampling from health care centers in five main geographical areas in Tehran. Performing cultural and lingual adaptations, our expert team made some inevitable changes to the questionnaires. Almost in all age groups older than 10 months, cultural or linguistic changes were made in items in the “communication” domain. Overall, the questionnaires’ Cronbach alpha was 0.79. The constructive validity of the tests was also satisfactory. Another important finding was determination of the children’s developmental mean scores. The culturally adapted Persian copies of the Ages and Stages Questionnai-res have proper validity and reliability for being used as developmental screening tools for children in Tehran.

Introduction & Human beings, depending on their inner needs and desires perform social activities. They try to fulfill those needs that are important to them in specific times. Therefore in an organization, pay attention to the personnel needs is very important and necessary. An organization trains and guides its employees in many different skills so that if their basic needs dont satisfy, their motivation will decrease and it causes depression and despondency. These results, have negative effects on their efficiency. The present survey is a descriptive study done in order to determine opinion of Hamadan educational hospitals operation room staffs about basic needs satisfaction. The subjects were all of operation room personnel in Hamadan educational hospital. The units of survey included eighty one operation room personnel selected Through convenient sampling. The instrument for gathering data was a questionnaire consists of two parts. The first part were included questions about phsychological and social needs. The results showed the psychological needs of most samples(76.5%) were satisfied Low, in 22.5% of samples were average, and in 1.3% were high. Regarding the personnel social needs satisfaction, findings showed 80.3 percent was low, 24.8 percent was average, and 4.9 percent was high. The results of this survey also showed that There was a significant relationship between number of children and duration of work in a week with the satisfaction of the personnel basic needs. The findings of present survey indicated that basic needs satisfaction of operation room staff were very low. But, managers of health care facilities can enhanced satisfaction of these needs with fulfils many appropriate services.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and the most common risk factors of motor developmental delay in infants.Following ethical approval, a study was carried out on the prevalence and risk factors of infants with motor developmental delay. The first stage was conducted through a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of motor developmental delay on 7500 infants and the second stage was an analytic case - control survey to identify the most common risk factors on 140 infants, aged one month to three years with motor developmental delay. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status questionnaire, the Denver Developmental Screening Test II, a neurological assessment form, and the movement and tone assessment form.The prevalence of motor developmental delay in 7500 infants was 18.7/1000. The most common risk factors in infants with motor developmental delay were prematurity (25.6%), low birth weight (19.2%), neonatal seizures (7.5%), hyaline membrane disease (6.7%), systemic infections of mothers during pregnancy (5.9%), severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (5%) in sequence. Motor developmental delay was significantly correlated with consanguinity of parents (p=0.001), prematurity (p=0.046), abnormal head circumference at birth (p=0.038), and low birth weight (p=0.026).The prevalence of motor developmental delay appears to be high and further studies should focus on different preventive strategies, controlling the most common risk factors and emphasizing on early detection and treatment of high risk infants.

Introduction & Considering the importance of nutrition in early years and mother’s prominent role, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of nutritional education to mothers on 12-30 months toddlers food pattern. In this quasi-exprimental study subjects were consisted of 242 mothers with their 12-30 months toddlers who were referring to health-care centers in Tehran, Iran, in 2006. After defining the number of the samples, allocation of each health-care center was done by PPS1 method and then sequentially distributed into two groups, intervention and control. Data collection was done in two stages: at the beginning of the study and one month after intervention by three tools 1)questionnaire 2)scale 3)tape meter. During three months, mothers who participated in nutrition education program completed the FFQ. The researcher gave adequate comments to intervention group by face to face teaching. Data analysing was done by chi-squre, paired t.test & analysis of variance of repeated measures. Before intervention, condition of food score was 6.859 and Z score was 2.789. After intervention, the conditionof food score was 7.983 and Z score was found to be 1.722. Before the intervention, in both groups, meat, fat, and sugar consumption was higher than normal ranges. After the intervention, fruit and vegetable consumption was increased. Before intervention, the condition of food questionnaire score was in middle range in two groups while the condition in intervention group was increased after intervention. Z score before intervention in two groups shows overwieght, but after the intervention lossing of wieght was seen.