samaneh sadat khalilirad

One of the important goals of human motor learning research is to identify the training conditions that bring the learning of motor skills to an optimal and ideal level. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate low-error and high-error learning on the accuracy and pattern of basketball penalty throws. The current research is semi-experimental and practical according to the purpose. The participants in this research were 20 female students from Azad University, in the age range of 20 to 22 years, who were selected as available and randomly placed in two groups with low error and high error. The stages of pre-test, acquisition, memorization, and failure (under the conditions of the secondary task) were held. In the acquisition test, 2x2 composite variance analysis was used to analyze the basketball penalty throw accuracy and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the throwing pattern. Data analysis was done with spss software version 23 and the significance level was p < 0.05. The results showed that, during the acquisition sessions between the two groups, there was a significant difference in the pattern and accuracy test. Also, in the transfer test, which was accompanied by the implementation of the secondary task, the findings showed that the low-error group reached the automatic stage of the skill faster than the high-error group due to its better performance. In general, it can be concluded that the low-error group performed better than the high-error group in learning basketball penalty throws, and it is suggested that this approach be used to improve the accuracy and consistency of execution in training.

Aging is associated with physical and cognitive changes that can affect people's quality of life and independence. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of combined progressive cognitive and Pilates exercises on structural and functional constrains in active elderly women.

The current research is semi-experimental and practical in terms of its purpose. The participants in this research were 50 active elderly people, with an age range of 60 to 80 years, who were selected as available, after completing the consent form, they were randomly assigned to two experimental groups, and Controls were divided. The experimental group did Pilates and cognitive exercises for 12 sessions, three days a week, while the control group did not participate in this exercise period. Data were evaluated using one-way analysis of covariance.

The results showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in the agility factor (p=0.001) from structural constraints, as well as in motivation to participate in physical activity (p=0.001) from functional constraints. However, no significant differences were observed between the groups in the balance factor (p>0.01) from structural constraints and in mental reinforcement (p>0.01) from functional constraints.

Combined Pilates and cognitive exercises can help improve agility (structural constrains) and increase motivation for physical activities (functional constrains) in the elderly. This type of exercise is suggested as an effective way to improve the physical and mental health of the elderly and improve their quality of life.

Researches in the field of physical education have shown that sports as a physical activity, both at the general level and at the championship level, has an important and impressive role in the perceived physical fitness of people. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived physical fitness and motor competence of students.

For this purpose, 196 female undergraduate students from Yazd University in the age group of 19-22 years participated in this research and completed the perceived physical fitness questionnaire. Then physical fitness tests were performed on the participants. Data analysis was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression with spss software version 23 and at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that there is no significant correlation between the perceived physical fitness and motor competence of students, and the perceived physical fitness cann,t predict any of the components of motor competence.

Due to the low coefficient of determination, perceived physical fitness does not explain students' motor competence and does not have the ability to predict it. Therefore, perceived physical fitness is not an effective factor for improving physical condition and motor skills.

The purpose of this research was to identify the factors affecting the development of championship swimming in Yazd, Iran from the perspective of coaches, experts, and managers. 123 experts in the field of swimming were randomly selected as the research sample, and a researcher-developed questionnaire was used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that all coaches, experts, and managers had a consensus on improving the level of scientific and technical knowledge of coaches, controlling and monitoring the activities of coaches, finding talent using scientific and specialized methods, and establishing swimming schools, facilities, and equipment. Therefore, these factors were found to be the most important and effective factors in developing the championship swimming in Yazd province.

Following the expansion of the Covid-19 Pandemic, many parts of the world have turned entirely too e-learning. In this regard, universities refused to hold face-to-face training classes and started creating virtual training classes. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between computer literacy and e-readiness among students. In this cross-sectional study, 100 eligible female students of Yazd University in Iran in age group of 19-21 years were selected by convenience sampling method. They were in the first semester of the academic year 2020-2021 that took the physical education subject and participated in the class through virtual education. Data collection tools were a standard computer literacy questionnaire based on seven ICDL standard skills and a Watkins standard questionnaire were used to measure students' e-readiness. Data were analysed in SPSS-23. Using descriptive statistics and the Spearman correlation coefficient. P-value There is a significant and strong relationship between computer literacy and e- readiness only in the subscale of skills and communication (0.04), But there is no significant relationship between computer literacy and other subscales of e-readiness, such as motivation (0.96), access to technology (0.68), learning ability (0.86), internet group chat (0.96), important issues for successful learning (0.6). The findings of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between computer literacy and e-readiness only in the subscales of skills and communication. There is no significant relationship between computer literacy and other subscales of e-readiness. Having these skills helps the learner to acquire information and knowledge. University policymakers and planners need to pay special attention to improving computer literacy skills and increasing students' e-readiness.