نشریه ذهن، حرکت و رفتار
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 3، زمستان 1402)

Lack of movement or immobility is considered one of the main causes of depression and decrease in quality of life and anxiety in children, by designing targeted movement programs, children's movement and mental health can be helped. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Spark movement program on reducing children's anxiety. The current research strategy was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of female students in one district of Tehran, with an age range of 8 to 12 years, 24 of whom were selected using the available sampling method and after completing the pre-test (completion of the Spence anxiety questionnaire by parents) randomly in Two experimental and control groups were replaced. The experimental group participated in the Spark movement program for 16 sessions, the control group did not do any activity. Finally, the post-test was performed and the results were recorded, and multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data using SPSS version 24 software. The results showed that the level of anxiety of children in the experimental group, compared to the control group, significantly decreased in all 6 scales (obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic / agora phobia, social anxiety, generalized anxiety, separation anxiety and fear of physical injuries). According to the findings of the present study, it seems that Spark movement program as a method of controlling and improving performance can have a significant effect in reducing children's anxiety symptoms.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of motor fitness factors in predicting the performance of gymnasts in low and high psychological pressure conditions. The statistical sample of the research included 40 skilled gymnasts aged 10 to 12 years old in Tabriz, who were selected through random sampling. For this purpose, the motor fitness factors of gymnasts were measured and their performance was evaluated in low-pressure and high-pressure psychological conditions. In order to create high-pressure conditions, the presence of performance evaluators and spectators was used. Data analysis was done using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (correlation and linear regression) statistical methods in SPSS software. The findings of the research showed that movement readiness factors predict the performance of athletes in high pressure conditions (P≤0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the factors of movement preparation may change the response of a person to stressful conditions and affect the athlete's performance in stressful psychological conditions.

The aim of the current research was to investigate the difference in the effect of different types of Nidfer's model of attention on balance and walking of patients with Parkinson's. The present research was conducted as a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design in the field and with a practical purpose. The statistical population of the current research consists of 60-70-year-old elderly male Parkinson patients of Tabriz city, who are diagnosed with Parkinson's degree 3 by a neurologist and the samples of this research are the criteria of entering and exiting the research in an available and voluntary manner from the aformentioned statistical population. A number of 25 people were selected and divided by simple random method into 4 experimental groups including external attention, narrow external attention, internal attention and narrow internal attention and a control group of 5 people. After registering the demographic information of the candidates, the pre-test of the static and dynamic tests and walking were measured and recorded. The Kistler force plate device was used to measure the static balance and the star test was used for dynamic balance. Also the time measurement test (TUG) was used for walking. The results showed that the four attention styles based on the Nidfer model have no significant effect on the static balance of Parkinson's patients. But the four changing styles of Nidfer's model have a significant effect on dynamic balance and walking in Parkinson's. From the general results of this study, it can be concluded that the four attention styles of the Nidfer model have been significant effect on the dynamic balance and walking of the patients. The special style of wide and narrow external attention causes improvement in the dynamic health status and an increase in walking speed in these patients.

The goal of current survey is to study deference of performance of mental rotation into groups of elite and non-elite athletes with considering of gender differences. Current survey is a semi-experimental type and models are chosen from elite athletes of swimming clubs and volleyball clubs of Tabriz and also athlete students of Tabriz Azad University in an objective matter models which include 100 people; that which is consisting of 50 elite athletes (professional) and 50 athlete students of Tabriz Azad University. Each group consists of 25 male and 25 female models. For measuring the performance of mental rotation peters examination of mental rotation was applied. The test of kolmogorov smirnov is used to investigate the naturalness of data and two-way variance analysis test was used for comparison of averages. The findings were showing that the performance of mental rotation in elite and professional athletes had meaningful difference in comparison with student athletes of Tabriz Azad University (p=0.0001) also performance of mental rotation in male models has meaningful deference in comparison with female models (p=0.008).In general the results were showing superiority of elite athletes and male models in abilities of mental rotation. Since the physical activities increase mental rotation it can be assumed that physical activities will increase other cognitive areas and this case is worth executing in education and nourishment and also in club levels.

Educational methods in physical education have a long history, and due to that, they have always been of interest in the academic and psychological life of people. Self-efficacy is one of the important variables in sports, there is little empirical evidence about the effectiveness of different training models. The purpose of this research was to compare the effect of traditional educational model and TGFU educational model on self-efficacy in adolescent girls.

In this cross-sectional, semi-experimental study, 40 first-year high school girls with no history of playing badminton were randomly divided into two groups of 20 each. To measure the self-efficacy questionnaire of children and adolescents by Morris (2001) and adapted from the self-efficacy questionnaire of Bandura, Barbaranelli, Capara, Pastorelli (1996). Performance measurement of badminton long serve training of each group was performed in the acquisition period and after 48 hours in the memorization phase. In the recall phase, the self-efficacy questionnaire was completed by each of the participants. To analyze self-efficacy data, univariate and multivariate covariance analysis was used at a significance level of 0.05.

The findings showed a significant superiority in the TGFU group compared to the traditional group in the self-efficacy performance of the acquisition period and the memorization test. In addition, the total score of self-efficacy as well as social self-efficacy of the TGFU group in memory was significantly higher than the traditional education group.

According to the obtained results, it seems that if students are trained using the TGFU educational model approach, they show better self-efficacy in different aspects.

The aim of this study was to examine the role of gender, age, and body mass index on the perceived motor competence of 7-9-year-old children.

The research method was descriptive and causal-comparative. A total of 270 male and female students aged 7 to 9 years, with underweight, normal, and overweight body mass indexes, were selected using purposive sampling. The pictorial scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence was used to measure perceived motor competence.

The results showed that the groups of 8 and 9-year-old children had higher perceived motor competence scores than the 7-year-old children in ball skills and total skills. However, this difference was not significant between the groups of 8 and 9-year-olds. Moreover, both the overweight and normal weight groups exhibited higher perceived motor competence than the underweight group across all three skills (locomotor, ball, and total skills). Further, the overweight male group demonstrated even higher perceived competence than the normal weight group in ball skills and total skills.

Gender, age, and body mass index are influential factors in the perceived motor development of children aged 7 to 9 years. It is recommended to consider these factors when designing and implementing motor development interventions for children.

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Brytonic exercises on depression and resilience of female coronary therapists in hospitals.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study and was conducted as a pre test-post test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all female medical staff in the corona ward of Parsabad hospitals in Esfand 1400, 20 of whom were selected as the available sample. Beck Depression Inventory and Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale were used to collect data. The subjects in the experimental group participated in Brytonic exercises for 8 weeks. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to test the hypotheses.

The results showed that Brytonic exercises reduced depression and increased resilience in the post test phase (P<0.01).

According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that Brytonic exercises can be used to reduce depression and increase resilience and, consequently, improve the mental health of female coronary therapists.

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in executive functions and the ability to regulate emotions in active and inactive individuals, considering gender differences. The present study was a comparative study and the samples were selected purposefully from among the students of Payame Noor University in Tabriz, with a total of 80 participants divided into two groups: active (20 females, 20 males) and inactive (20 females, 20 males). The identification of active and inactive individuals was done using the Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ). The assessment of the ability to regulate emotions and executive functions was performed using the Gross and John Emotion Regulation Scale (2003) and the Flanker and Wisconsin Card Sorting tests, respectively. The results of the two-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between executive functions and emotional regulation abilities of active and inactive students. However, there was no significant difference in performance between boys and girls (p>0.05). Based on the results, physical and sports exercises are suggested as one of the strategies for emotional regulation and the development of executive functions for the general population.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the mental Toughness, grit and motivational differences among individual and team athletes.

The present study is a descriptive post-event study with a causal-comparative design according to the purpose of the applied studies and in terms of the nature of the subject. The statistical population of the study included all athletes in Gorgan in individual and team disciplines. Research samples were accessible and selected by stepwise method. The research sample consisted of 116 people including 57 team athletes and 59 individual athletes who were selected by available sampling method and stage. Platter’s sports motivation questionnaire, abortive mental toughness and Duckworth steadfastness questionnaire were used to collect data.

Data analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that individual athletes are steadfast than athletes in the lower level. Subjective hardiness and components of assurance, stability and control of individual athletes are lower than team athletes. Also, the amount of motivation and components of internal motivation, mixing regulation and self-regulating individual athletes are less than team athletes.

Therefore, it can be concluded that individual athletes are steadfast, mentally stiff and motivational differences are lower than team-mates athletes.

The present study was conducted with the aim of compiling a model of the relationship between psychological pressure and perceived social support, with the leisure time of managers and employees . The research method was descriptive-correlation, . The statistical population of the research consisted of 320 people, managers and employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Kermanshah Province, who were selected as a statistical sample using simple random method . The research tool was the use of three standard questionnaires: psychological stress (SOSS), Norbek Social Support Questionnaire (NSSQ), and a researcher-made free time questionnaire. In this research, SmartPLS statistical software, structural equation model and confirmatory factor analysis method were used for data analysis. The results of the research showed that psychological pressure on perceived social support with an impact factor of 0.699 and a critical value of 11.86, psychological pressure on leisure time with an impact factor of 0.27 and a critical value of 3.16 and perceived social support. It has had an impact on leisure time with an impact factor of 0.57 and a critical value of 6.94. Also, the results of the Sobel test showed that the Z-value is 11.92, which is more than 1.96, and the effect of the perceived social support variable on the relationship between mental stress and leisure time is confirmed. According to the findings of the research, it is suggested to the managers of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Kermanshah Province, that by creating strong support systems in the work environment, and outside of it, including perceived social support, the field of reducing serious quantitative and qualitative complications of stress create morale among the personnel, and as a result achieve their organizational goals.

Researches in the field of physical education have shown that sports as a physical activity, both at the general level and at the championship level, has an important and impressive role in the perceived physical fitness of people. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived physical fitness and motor competence of students.

For this purpose, 196 female undergraduate students from Yazd University in the age group of 19-22 years participated in this research and completed the perceived physical fitness questionnaire. Then physical fitness tests were performed on the participants. Data analysis was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression with spss software version 23 and at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that there is no significant correlation between the perceived physical fitness and motor competence of students, and the perceived physical fitness cann,t predict any of the components of motor competence.

Due to the low coefficient of determination, perceived physical fitness does not explain students' motor competence and does not have the ability to predict it. Therefore, perceived physical fitness is not an effective factor for improving physical condition and motor skills.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of selected chess training programs on working memory, inhibition and attention of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: with emphasis on inhibition and non-inhibition. In this study, 30 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were randomly divided into three groups of chess training with inhibition (10 people), chess training without inhibition (10 people) and control (10 people). The training program of the subjects was three sessions a week for four weeks of chess training with and without inhibition, respectively, for the groups of chess training with inhibition and chess training without inhibition. Data were analyzed through one-way analysis of variance at a significance level of P≤0.05. In all three components, chess training groups (with and without inhibition) showed a significant difference (P≤0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the two chess training groups (with and without inhibition) (P≤0.05). It was shown that both methods of teaching chess (with and without inhibition) had a significant effect on working memory, inhibition and attention of children with hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit disorder. It seems that chess training can improve the performance of these children and also the inhibition approach can be considered as a new approach to be used as an intervention for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.