t. adibi

In this paper, forced, free, and mixed convections in incompressible flow were studied numerically. Nano-sized Al2O3, TiO2, MgO, and ZnO ceramics with water were considered as nano-fluids. Simulations were carried out for cavity flow with different boundary conditions and aspect ratios, as well as flow over stationary and rotating cylinders. The mean Nusselt number ((Nu) ̅) and friction factor for cavity flow and (Nu) ̅ for flow over a cylinder were compared for different nano-fluids. A new code was developed in FORTRAN 95 for numerical simulations. A fifth-order Runge-Kutta method for time discretization and a characteristic-based scheme for convective terms were used in this code. The averaging scheme on the secondary cells is used to obtain viscous fluxes. Primary results are validated with other researcher's outputs. Results showed that MgO-water and ZnO-water had maximum and minimum heat transfer rates, respectively. Moreover, maximum and minimum shear stresses were recorded for the Al2O3-water and TiO2-water, respectively. Using nanofluid increases the heat transfer rate between 15 and 37 percent depending on the Richardson number and selected nano-particles.

Natural gas must be preheated to prevent phase change and gas hydrate in pressure reduction stations. This paper aims to investigate the effect of the fins of gas tubes and their configuration, arrangement, and shape on the heat transfer and thermal efficiency of gas. To conduct a parametric study, two tube cases with fins and without fins, and in the finned case for the fin’s configuration, two longitudinal and circular arrangements, and the formation of the fins, two solid and interrupted forms were analyzed. Also, three types of cross-sections, including rectangular, convergent parabolic, and divergent parabolic, for the shape of the fins have been studied. For this simulation, the three-dimensional, incompressible, and steady flow was considered, and for analysis and discretization of convective heat equations, the characteristic-based method was applied. FORTRAN software was also used to implement and solve the equations. The results show that in solid and interrupted fins and increasing the number of fins in parallel, the dimensionless heat transfer coefficient increases. Also, the dimensional heat transfer coefficient decreases with increasing the ratio of fin height to the tube’s diameter. Also, the most significant heat transfer improvement was related to the divergent parabolic cross-section.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of concurrent training on serum leptin levels, body composition, and lipid profiles of inactive men with overweight. Thirty young men with an average age of 19 to 25 years old and an average body mass index of 25 to 28 kg / m2 were randomly divided into three groups: Concurrent, intermittent aerobics - sauna, continuous aerobic - sauna and exercise strength- sauna (each group was 10). The subjects performed 3 sessions of aerobic and strength training per week on individual days, and then 2 sessions per week, supplementing the sauna program on twenty days for 20 -30 minutes in a dry bath with a temperature of 80 degrees Celsius. Blood samples were taken from subjects in fasting mode in two stages, 72 hours before and after 8 weeks of training. Serum lipid profiles, leptin and body composition were evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test The results showed a significant decrease after exercise aerobic exercise, continuous aerobic exercise and baseline strength training, serum levels of leptin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a and body fat percent (p≤0.05). And high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p <0.05). These changes were more frequent in the aerobic exercise group, continuity and strength, but this difference was not significant between the groups (p≤0.05). The results of this study indicated that continuous aerobic exercise, continuation and strength training simultaneously with the sauna had a favorable effect on lipid profile and body composition and serum leptin concentrations. These changes were more common in the aerobic training group.

Problems associated with decreased muscle strength and subsequently diminished quality of life, will be increased by aging. Therefore, elderly people will expose to serious injuries. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks aquatic therapy exercises with and without Jacuzzi on lower limb strength and quality of life in elderly women.
This study was performed with a pretest-post-test randomized-group design. Thirty six women aged 65-74 years old, participated in the study voluntarily. Participants randomly assigned into 3 groups that each of themcontained12 elderly women, including control, aquatic therapy, and aquatic therapy with Jacuzzi groups. The 30 sec chair stand test and Sf-36 Questionnaire were used to measure lower limb strength and Quality of Life, respectively. ANOVA with repeated measures, independent t-test, and paired-t test were used to statistical analysis with SPSS software version 22.
After the interventions, strength of the lower limbs had significant increases in the aquatic therapy groups without (p=.000) and with Jacuzzi (p=.000), However there was no significant change in the control group (p=.724). Physical health improved significantly in the aquatic therapy groups without (p=.000) and with Jacuzzi (p=.000), but not in the control group (p=.066). Also mental health increased significantly in the aquatic therapy groups without (p=.000) and with Jacuzzi (p=.000), and decreased significantly in the control group (p=.005).
Performing three sessions of aquatic therapy per week for 8 weeks with or without the use of Jacuzzi, have a positive and significant effect on the muscular strength of the lower limbs and the quality of life in the elderly women.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between physical activity with quality of life and life satisfaction among middle-aged female teachers in Kermanshah. The research design was a correlation. For this purpose 396 women (aged 35-55) were selected using cluster sampling method. Perceived quality of life, life satisfaction and physical activity were assessed using the SF-36 health survey (SF-36), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), respectively. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), in significance level of P <0/05. Results Pearson correlation coefficient showed that physical activity had significant positive correlation with mental health (r = 0.20), physical health) r = 0.36) and life satisfaction (r= 0.18). Also between mental health (r = 0.49) and physical health (r = 0.38) had positive correlation with life satisfaction. Analyses indicated that relationship between physical activity and life satisfaction was indirect. Specifically, physical activity influenced life satisfaction through physical and mental health status, which in turn influenced life satisfaction. Path analysis results offered support for the proposed model. Our findings of middle -aged female indicates that physical activity level promotes dimensions physical and mental health and life satisfaction. Therefore, interventions to increase physical activity would be recommend for enhancement health status in middle- aged female.

The aim of this study was to compare the satisfaction from body areas and social - physique anxiety in Islamic Azad university students. For this purpose, 424 athlete and non-athlete undergraduate students completed body areas satisfaction scale (BASS) and seven-item social - physique anxiety scale (7-SPAS). Results of multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that while sport (individual / team) participation has a significant effect on the scores obtained by body areas satisfaction scale and social - physique anxiety scale, but gender, interaction of gender and sport had no significant effect on the scores obtained by body areas satisfaction scale and social – physique anxiety scale. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed that male and female athlete students were more satisfied from their body areas and they experienced less social - physique anxiety when compared to male and female non-athlete students.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 10-week physical therapy regimen on motor function in people with parkinson's disease. Twenty-four male parkinson's disease patients voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects were randomized into the experimental (n=1 2) or control group (n= 1 2). Before and after the intervention in both groups, subject's motor function was assessed using Short Parkinson Evaluation Scale/ Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson Disease (SPESISCOPA) questionnaire, under supervision of physiotherapist. During the 10-week physical therapy subjects in the control group were treated only by their pharmacological therapy, while subjects in the experimental group in conjunction with their standard medical therapy, participated in 1-hour physical therapy sessions four times a week. Data analysis demonstrated that, regarding motor function of subjects, there were no significant differences between two groups at the beginning; however after the treatment, all subscales of motor function between two groups were significantly different. In the experimental group, the intervention improved all subscales of motor function significantly; though, no significant changes observed within the control group. In conclusion, physical therapy in conjunction with standard medical therapy, could have a positive effect on motor function of people with parkinson's disease, and therefore can be beneficial for them.