zahra salami

New interpretive approaches to the Holy Quran became more intense in the middle of the 19th century, one of the reasons for which was the direct influence of Arab thinkers from the current of European modernism and the serious criticism of Islamic heritage. Muhammad Abed Al-Jabari is one of the most prominent Egyptian neo-Mu'tazili scholars who, in the name of creating change and evolution in human knowledge of religion, seriously criticized the Islamic heritage and tried to present a new and contemporary interpretation of the Holy Quran based on the order of revelation of the verses. In this research, while briefly introducing Jabri and his intellectual foundations in understanding the Holy Quran, some of his Quranic thoughts have been criticized and evaluated. Criticism of his interpretive and historiographical method regarding Quranic subjects, criticism of his view regarding the realism of stories and the meaning of the words and appearances of the Quran along with the analysis of the term "Qur'anic phenomenon" are among the issues raised and shown in this research. It is unfortunate that in most cases, Jabri has weakened the evidenced and documented Islamic heritage by extremism in the interpretive ijtihad and has opened the way for deviant ideas to enter religious teachings.

Believing the appearance of a savior and awaiting the rise of Hazrat Mahdi (a.s) is one of the most important beliefs which all Islamic sects unanimously agree upon. Among the several Shiite sects, Zaidiyyah sect is one of the main branches which is considered noticeable and important due to its commonalities with the Imamate Shiite in the issue of Imamate and the origin of Mahdism. According to the narrations related to the name and lineage of Hazrat Mahdi (a.s) in Zaidiyyah sources, a typology is presented and propounded views in this regard are explained. In the second section, using a comparative study in the Imamate sources in this regard, we address the investigation and criticisms of these hadiths. The findings of this research show that most of Mahdavi narration in Zaidiyyah sources are related to the name and cognomen of Imam Mahdi (a.s) and the only difference in Zaidiyyah and Imamate sources is related to the lineage of Imam; although in Zaydi sources, the Fatemi lineage of Imam has been approved.

on the one hand, very limited studies were performed on identifying the active regions during swallowing among healthy individuals and those with dementia. On the other hand, to the best of our knowledge, no research has yet compared the injured areas in the brain of patients with dementia with and without dysphagia, such that damage to specific regions in dementia causes dysphagia may be found using this approach. The present study was performed to evaluate the atrophic changes in the internal temporal lobe (hippocampus), frontal (anterior cingulate cortex), and parietal (posterior cingulate cortex), and insula cortex in these patients. the present study is a retrospective cross-sectional study. 54 patients with dementia were investigated. The data were collected using a checklist, including information related to the dysphagia, and the brain MRI findings to determine atrophy. The extent of atrophic changes was recorded in the checklist using the median temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) score, Koedem score scale, and the global cortical atrophy (GCA) scale. To present the results, descriptive statistics, and data comparison, chi-square tests were used. The mean age of the examined patients was 72.01 with a standard deviation of 10.64 years, and range of 50-95 years. Out of them, 32 (59.3%) were male, and 22 (40.7%) were female. The degree atrophy of hippocampus (p=0.12), frontal lobe (P=0.46), parietal lobe (P=0.83), and insular cortex (P=0.91) in the patients with and without dysphagia did not show significant differences. The frequency distribution of the degree of atrophy based on the site of the development of atrophy was significant in the patients with dysphagia (P=0.033). In general, the findings showed that individuals with dementia who had dysphagia had more hippocampal and frontal lobe (and anterior cingulate) atrophy than dementia patients who did not have this impairment.

Mohammad Abed Jaberi is a contemporary follower of neo- Mu'tazila who stresses understanding Qur'an by presenting a novel interpretation of the Qur'an consistent with the requiremnts of today’s world besides adopting traditional methods. Drawing on new achievements and considering social contexts, he analyzes the text of Qur'an and seeks to link contemporary understanding of the Qur'an to historical attitude for figuring out the date of the Qur'an's revelation. In this study, Jaberi's perspective is explored from the standpoint of historicism to Quran along with a discussion of the age of revelation and the order of Quran revelation. By distinguishing the issue of Qur'anic historicism and the role of historicism in understanding Quranic verses, Jaberi strives to elucidate verses and appreciate the purposes of Qur'anic expression through the study of conditions and the order of revelation in order to identify the audience of these verses and understand the objectives of Quranic expression with an attempt to develop a methodology for a novel interpretation of the Qur'an consistent with his age’s conditions as well as today’s requirements.

Atopic dermatitis is an inherited, chronic and relapsing skin disease. Although it is generally believed that breast-feeding has a protective effect on developing asthma and atopic dermatitis, nowadays, some researchers question this idea and suggest that breast feeding may be a risk factor for atopic dermatitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exclusive breast feeding in the first 6 month of life on development of atopic dermatitis in infants till one year of age. Subjects and In this retrospective cohort study, parents of infants who visited four health centers in ahvaz, the capital of Khozestan province, Iran, for MMR vaccination at 12 months of age were questioned about the kind of their infants feeding till 6 months age. Infants were divided to two groups, exclusive and non-exclusive breast- fed. The number of cases for each group was followed till 511 infants were reached. Frequency of atopic dermatitis in each group was investigated. Atopic dermatitis was noted in 22.3% of them. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in non-exclusive breast fed infants was higher (P<0.001). The frequency of atopic dermatitis in exclusively and non-exclusively breast-fed infants was 15.35 and 29.25 % respectively. Odds ratio for exclusively breast fed infants was 19.36%, 95%CI (11.35%-19.58%) and for non-exclusively breast fed infants was 29.64%, 95%CI (25.26-34.07). Exclusive breast feeding not only decrease the frequency of atopic dermatitis in infants, but also decrease the risk of development of atopic dermatitis in infants with positive family history for atopia.

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular junctioncharacterized by skeletal muscle weakness and fatigability. Different genes may controlthe induction and clinical presentation of this disease. Various HLA alleles are reportedas predisposing or protective genetic elements in myasthenia gravis. Theaim of this study was to investigate the probable association between HLA-DQ allelesand myasthenia gravis in southern Iranian patients. HLA-DQA1 and DQB1alleles were determined in 104 sporadic patients with myasthenia gravis using polymerasechain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism method and the resultswere compared to 816 healthy controls. HLA-DQA1*0101/2 (39.4%) andDQB1*0502 (21.6%) were the most frequent alleles in southern Iranian patients withmyasthenia gravis. These alleles revealed positive associations with the disease withrelative risks of 1.69 and 2.41, respectively. The most common haplotype wasDQA1*0101/2-DQB1*0502 in these patients. According to the results ofthis study, DQA1*0101/2 and DQB1*0502 alleles might be considered as predisposinggenetic factors to myasthenia gravis while DQA1*0501, DQB1*0301 and *0602/3show protective roles against this disease.