implicit theory

The study’s purpose is to design a model of wise managers based on the implicit theory of employees. In this research, the qualitative method of phenomenology has been used, which reveals the structure and implicit meaning of a phenomenon according to the implicit meaning that people have experienced in their lives. The statistical population included all employees of an industrial company, which continued by purposive sampling until theoretical saturation (26people). Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Reliability was examined using inter-rater reliability and validity was investigated and confirmed by subject-matter experts. The data were analyzed by qualitative analysis. The results showed the model consists of 7dimensions in which concern and awareness of others, organization and planning, problem-solving and decision making, and motivation had the highest frequencies. These results can be used in dimension-based selection and development of wise managers, as well as the design of simulated situations and assessment centers.

The aim of this study was to test a conceptual model for the mediating role of perfectionism in the effects ofimplicit theories of intelligence on general self-efficacy in university students. A sample of three hundred and eighty-two (20.40 ± 1.84 years, range: 18-23) girl students was selected randomly through multi-stage cluster sampling from University of Mazandaran, and filled the Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale (ITIS; Abd-El-Fattah & Yates, 2006), the Perfectionism Inventory (PI; Hill, et al., 2004), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer, et al., 1982). Using Maximum-Likelihood estimation and bootstrapping procedure, the results from structural equation modeling showed that the direct effects of incrementalimplicitbelieves on organization, planfulness, and striving for excellence, and entity implicit believes on concern over mistakes and need for approval were positive and statistically significant.Also, organization, planfulness, and striving for excellence (components of conscientious perfectionism) mediated the effect of incremental implicit believes on general self-efficacy components. Concern over mistakes and need for approval (components of self-evaluative perfectionism) mediated the effect of entity implicit believes on general self-efficacy components (p< 0.05).