interpretive structural modeling(ism)

The increasing demand for groundwater in recent decades has sparked conflicts over the exploitation of this vital resource. Excessive extraction has led water experts to introduce the "water bankruptcy" concept, as many regions, including the Mahidasht Plain in Kermanshah Province, face severe water depletion. Understanding the factors contributing to water bankruptcy has thus become crucial. This qualitative study aims to model the factors influencing water bankruptcy. The research population comprised 25 participants, including experts from the Regional Water Company, water experts in the Agricultural Jihad Organization, faculty members from the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources at Razi University, and farmers from the Mahidasht Plain. The study employed purposive sampling through the critical case method. Using interpretive structural modeling (ISM), researchers first identified 13 key factors. They then analyzed the relationships between these factors affecting water bankruptcy. Finally, they employed the MICMAC analysis to evaluate the influence of these factors. The resulting research model consists of six levels. At the sixth level, two factors emerged as the most influential on water bankruptcy in the Mahidasht Plain: "sanctions and economic instability" and "lack of awareness and traditional farmers' beliefs regarding water harvesting". This study offers significant implications for policymakers. By understanding the factors contributing to water bankruptcy in the Mahidasht Plain, they can develop operational solutions to address the current situation and preventive measures for similar scenarios in other regions.

The aim of this research is to present a socio-technical transition model from the tradi- tional judicial system to the electronic judicial system in Iran. The methodology of this research is mixed; the qualitative part of the research includes identifying factors influ- encing this technological transition at the levels of technological niches, socio-technical regimes, and the landscape through theoretical foundations and interviews with experts. The quantitative part of the research also uses Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) to determine and analyze the relationships between the factors affecting this technological transition. The results of this research indicate that the themes at the landscape lev- el include technological developments and emerging criminal behaviors, socio-cultural anomalies, the digital divide, the need for private and public sector involvement, gov- ernment and judicial technology policies and laws, and the lack of digital governance in the country. The themes at the regime level include financial and budgetary resources, complexities of the judicial structure, organizational changes, investment, changes in user habits, application domain issues, privacy, information security, specialized human resources, weaknesses in network governance of the judiciary, and insufficient maturity of digital court technology. Additionally, the themes at the niche level include pioneering legal and judicial technology companies, technological infrastructure, the connection be- tween legal experts and technologists, the attractiveness of legal and judicial technology fields, innovation, and the legal services market.

This study was conducted with the aim of designing and explaining the role of artificial intelligence in factories and examining its impact on innovative management. Thematic analysis was used to identify the main indicators and components related to artificial intelligence and interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was used to classify and analyze the relationships between variables. Data were collected and analyzed from 15 expert interviews. In thematic analysis, 39 initial codes were extracted from 170 open codes and categorized into 10 organizing themes, leading to an overarching theme titled "Artificial Intelligence in the Factory and Its Impact on Innovative Management". The identified components included industrial artificial intelligence tools, cognitive supply chain, customer service, production process robotization, data management, quality management, productivity optimization, improving production sustainability, increasing flexibility, and workforce development. Structural self-interaction matrix (SSIM) for ISM analysis and variable ranking showed that variables such as industrial AI tools and data management as independent variables had the greatest impact and productivity and improved production sustainability as dependent variables had the greatest impact. Also, cognitive supply chain and quality management were identified as linked variables, and MICMAC analysis introduced independent variables as key factors and linked variables as essential interfaces in system interactions. Intelligent use of AI-based technologies can lead to improved quality, productivity, cost reduction, supply chain optimization, and increased flexibility in factory production processes. The model presented in this study can be the basis for decision-making by manufacturing industry managers for the effective implementation of related technologies.

The automotive industry is driven towards green innovations due to significant environmental impacts, but this transition is facing challenges in developing countries such as Iran. Identifying barriers to green innovation has become an important issue in sustainable development. This research presents a conceptual framework with a hybrid approach in order to identify and analyze the barriers to green innovation in Iran's automotive industry. For this purpose, by using the existing models and comparative qualitative content analysis method, obstacles were identified and adapted to the conditions of the country. In order to structure green innovation barriers, interpretive structural modeling method has been used. By conducting 18 semi-structured interviews with related experts and studying related literature, 19 sub-barriers were classified into 6 main categories (resources, behaviors, information, technology, organizational, and rules and regulations) and the relationships between them were analyzed. Finally, a model of green innovation barriers in the country's automobile industry has been presented, which has classified the barriers based on importance and impact criteria into 5 levels: "Isolation of the automobile industry from global trends", "Policy gap", "Complexity of laws" and " Deterrence system inefficiencies' have been identified as key barriers that have the greatest impact. Also, the analysis of influence-dependency diagram explained the relationships between obstacles.

This study aims to identify and analyze common mistakes in marketing research and provide a comprehensive framework to improve research processes. Common mistakes can significantly affect the quality of research outcomes and ultimately influence managerial decision-making. The research is applied in purpose and descriptive in nature, employing a survey method with a questionnaire as the data collection tool. A three-stage mixed approach was used: first, a systematic review of reputable scientific sources was conducted to identify the main components of common mistakes in marketing research. Next, semi-structured interviews with experts in marketing management and research were conducted to validate and refine these components. Finally, the relationships between the components and their levels of influence were analyzed using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). The findings indicate that ambiguity in problem definition is the most significant factor leading to errors in marketing research. Other factors include errors in selecting the research approach, weaknesses in questionnaire design, failure to conduct pilot studies, and human and non-human errors in data analysis. The final model illustrates the interactions between these components and provides a precise ranking of their impact and dependencies. This study offers a useful tool for researchers and marketing managers to enhance research quality by identifying and preventing common mistakes. Using this model in future projects can lead to better solutions and more reliable results in marketing research.

Developing new cities entails expanding and advancing cities in various economic, social, cultural, physical, and infrastructural realms. These cities are usually established to attract an overflow population and alleviate the pressure on the mother cities of the region, create new employment opportunities, develop infrastructure, improve the quality of life, and attract investment for construction and development. The present research aims to analyze the factors influencing the growth of the new city of Aalishahr. The study is descriptive-analytical in terms of objective and method. It utilizes survey-based data collection tools, such as a questionnaire. The desired variables were collected through the purposeful sampling of experts in urban engineering, urban planning, and regional planning and then examined using a structural interpretive model to analyze the complex relationships between the variables affecting the development of the new city of Aalishahr. Ultimately, using the MICMAC technique, the types of variables were identified based on their influence and susceptibility to other variables. The results indicate that the influential variables "local government policies" and "rural population migration" rank with a penetration power of 23 at the lowest level, namely the fifth level. It is evident that governments today, more than private enterprises, determine and implement their various policies and programs to develop new cities. However, these programs must be aligned with priorities, objectives, and standards to attract new populations. Additionally, "urban population growth" and "population density" are susceptible variables at the highest level, namely the first level, with a penetration power of 2 and 4, respectively.

One of the most significant topics discussed in management and leadership literature is the concept of self-sacrifice. Due to its numerous positive implications, organizations need to develop leadership styles based on self-sacrificial behaviors. Despite various examples and instances of self-sacrifice exhibited by managers and leaders, research on self-sacrifice and its leadership implications has been neglected. Therefore, further research in this area can illuminate the dimensions and aspects of self-sacrificial behaviors in organizations.

This study employs the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method. It is an applied research project that utilizes interviews as the primary data collection method.

The findings of the research indicate that the conceptual model of self-sacrificial behaviors in organizations consists of eleven components: "positive self-concept," "resilience," "social representation," "motivation to serve," "empathy and compassion," "awareness and knowledge," "goal orientation and idealism," "collective identity," "social learning and social contagion," "core values," and "crisis." According to the findings, the two dimensions of "awareness and knowledge" and "collective identity" are the foundational components of the model, as they influence all other components and have a two-way relationship with each other. This means that, in addition to being influencing factors for other components, they also impact each other. Additionally, based on the model, the components of "empathy and compassion" and "social learning and social contagion" are ranked next. These two components also have a mutual relationship with each other and are further influenced by the "crisis" component, which ranks below them. In fact, the critical condition, in addition to affecting the higher-level components, also impacts the lower-level components, indicating the significant influence of this variable in the model. The "motivation to serve" component is placed at the fifth level of the model. As shown by the direction of the arrows, this component is dependent on the three components of critical conditions, core values, and goal orientation and idealism. This means that the motivation to serve, as one of the antecedents of altruistic behavior, is influenced by the occurrence of critical conditions and the presence of core values, goals, and ideals of the individual. The remaining three components in the model—positive self-concept, resilience, and social representation—have the least influence and the most dependence on other components, indicating that they are more influenced by other components in the model. The "social representation" component is the most dependent in the model, meaning that a person's desire for social expressiveness is reliant on all other components except resilience, as resilience does not affect social expressiveness.

Based on the results of the study using ISM, two components are identified in the linkage region: "empathy and compassion" and "awareness and knowledge." These components are considered dynamic, meaning that any change in them can impact the entire system. The independent region includes five components: "goal orientation and idealism," "collective identity," "social learning and social contagion," "core values," and "crisis," indicating their strong influence and guiding role in the model. Additionally, the "social representation" component is placed in the dependence region, signifying its high reliance on other components.

This study seeks to identify and analyze the critical elements of smart governance that contribute to the successful development and implementation of a smart city. The focus is on understanding the specific factors that enable the transformation of a traditional city into a smart city, with a particular emphasis on the city of Tehran.

The primary research method employed in this study is Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), which allows for the systematic identification and examination of relationships between key factors. This research is qualitative and of an applied nature, aiming to provide practical insights. Data collection involved targeted sampling, where a comprehensive list of experts in the field of smart cities was compiled. Following extensive discussions, these experts participated in interviews, after which they were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire. Their responses were used to gather the necessary research data. The research environment was natural, with participants including both academic experts in the field of smart cities and executive professionals working in relevant organizations, such as smart city departments within municipalities and other related institutions.

The findings reveal that significant efforts are underway in Iran, particularly in Tehran, to advance toward becoming a smart city. After reviewing the research background and conducting in-depth interviews, several critical components were identified, including citizen participation, e-government, smart management, technology utilization, the political and institutional environment, internet access and usage, socio-environmental characteristics, transparency, accountability, data exchange, and public-private sector collaboration. Through rigorous analysis of the interviews and existing literature using the interpretive structural modeling method, the study identified the most important and influential factors necessary for realizing a smart city in Tehran. The study highlights that Tehran has made substantial progress in establishing e-government, followed by the adoption of smart management practices, technology utilization, and the creation of a supportive political and institutional environment, which are all recognized as key drivers in this process.

Cities across the globe are confronting numerous challenges, including traffic congestion, air pollution, excessive energy consumption, and uncontrolled urban sprawl. The concept of a smart city has emerged as a potential solution to these challenges. However, the successful implementation of smart city initiatives requires a comprehensive and integrated decision-making framework. The notion of smart governance has thus gained prominence, attracting the attention of scholars across various fields, including public administration, policymaking, political science, and information technology. This concept plays a pivotal and supportive role in the development of a holistic decision-making framework for smart city initiatives. This research focuses on Tehran, one of Iran's most prominent metropolises in the realm of smart city development. The study concludes that three elements—e-government, the political and institutional environment, and the utilization of technology—are paramount in the successful realization of a smart city in Tehran and, by extension, in Iran.

The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive model for stock price forecasting in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) using a mixed Delphi-fuzzy approach of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). The model incorporated technical, fundamental, macroeconomic, and emotional factors. In this study, the fuzzy Delphi method was employed to identify key criteria from the investor’s perspective among the 54 stock price prediction criteria extracted from the existing literature. Subsequently, the interpretive structural modeling method was utilized to examine the relationships between these criteria and establish a hierarchical model. The findings of the ISM revealed that the price per share and the money flow index held significant positions at the bottom of the hierarchy and exerted a strong driving force. Among the criteria occupying lower positions in the hierarchy, the exchange rate and the power indicator relative and exponential moving averages were identified as the most influential indicators.

The research aiming at strategic entrepreneurship modeling in the management of Imam airport city and explanation of its commonalities with the dimensions of Jihadi management. The research type is qualitative-quantitative; it’s purpose is applied-developmental and method is survey-descriptive, which was done with Interpretive Structural Modeling. The primary dimensions of the model were identified through wide review of literature. Then applying Delphi technique with the participation of 18 intellectual and instrumental expert elites, the final dimensions were identified and their relationships and stratification were determined using the steps of ISM, and final model was drawn. Based on the findings of the research Entrepreneurial Leadership, Mindset and Culture, Strategic Management of Resources, Opportunity-Seeking Behavior, Advantage-Seeking Behavior, Continuous Innovation, Risk-Acceptance, Proactive Behavior, Balance between Opportunity and Advantage Seeking Behaviors and Allocation of Resources between Two, Strategic Renewal, Business Model Reconstruction, Organizational Rejuvenation and Sustainable Regeneration are the main dimensions which categorized in 4levels and make the final model. In the meantime, comparison of the dimensions of the model with the indicators of Jihadi management showed that Risk-Acceptance, Opportunity-seeking, Advantage-seeking, Innovation, Proactive-ness & Forward-looking, Being Plan-oriented, Comprehensiveness. Being Vision-oriented, Future-making, Empowerment and Hardworking overlap with a major part of the dimensions of the model.

Social media has recently emerged as a prominent tool in the field of marketing management. While it offers significant potential for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to incorporate into their marketing strategies, many of these businesses have not fully utilized the diverse capabilities of social media. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to identify and develop a framework addressing the challenges faced by Iranian SMEs in leveraging social media as an effective instrument for product marketing.

This research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining in-depth interviews with key informants (KIs) and interpretive structural modeling. The study begins by identifying obstacles from previous research and those uncovered through semi-structured interviews with KIs. These obstacles are then thoroughly reviewed and finalized. Finally, the structural interpretive modeling method is employed to elucidate the patterns and models of obstacles in utilizing social media as an effective marketing tool for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This approach visualizes the connections and interactions within a system, providing insights into the interdependencies of the elements (obstacles). It aids scholars in understanding how various factors influence one another, facilitating in-depth analyses and informed decision-making. Widely applicable across disciplines, this method fosters critical thinking and systems-oriented approaches among researchers.

The primary challenges in utilizing and promoting marketing tools on social media platforms include legal restrictions, platform and device filtering mechanisms, and a lack of government support. Companies often struggle to navigate complex regulatory environments and censorship on these platforms, hindering their ability to fully leverage the marketing benefits these channels offer. In the absence of robust support from governmental bodies, businesses face significant obstacles in effectively utilizing social media for promotional purposes. To address these barriers, organizations must adopt a systematic and strategic approach. First and foremost, it is crucial for companies to provide comprehensive training and development programs to enhance employees' technical skills and knowledge of social media platforms. This will empower them to navigate the intricate regulatory landscapes and understand the limitations imposed by various censorship mechanisms. Additionally, clear guidelines and policies should be established to mitigate security risks and protect user privacy. By doing so, companies can ensure that their marketing efforts comply with legal restrictions while still reaching and engaging their target audience. Senior management also plays a pivotal role in overcoming these challenges. It is essential for them to actively support and invest in initiatives that leverage the advantages of social media. By allocating resources and promoting the adoption of innovative marketing strategies, senior leaders demonstrate their commitment to achieving business goals and staying ahead of the competition. Fostering a culture of innovation and adaptability within the organization is also instrumental in mitigating the challenges associated with social media marketing. Companies need to encourage their employees to think outside the box and constantly adapt their approaches to meet the ever-evolving demands of the industry. This proactive mindset will not only help businesses stay on top of emerging trends and technologies but also allow them to seize new opportunities and gain a competitive edge.Furthermore, collaboration and knowledge-sharing among industry peers can be immensely beneficial in overcoming these barriers. By establishing partnerships and participating in industry forums or conferences, companies can learn from each other's experiences and collectively work towards innovative solutions to the challenges of utilizing marketing tools on social media platforms. This collaborative approach not only fosters continuous learning and improvement but also helps businesses build a robust network of support and guidance. In summary, the primary challenges of implementing and disseminating marketing tools on social media platforms can be addressed through a combination of comprehensive training programs, clear guidelines and policies, senior management support, and the cultivation of a culture of innovation and adaptability, along with collaboration with industry peers. By adopting a systematic and strategic approach, organizations can effectively navigate the legal and regulatory landscapes, overcome censorship mechanisms, and fully leverage the marketing benefits offered by social media platforms. Reason: Improved vocabulary, clarity, and technical accuracy while maintaining the original meaning.

Discussion and Coclusion: 

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role in driving economic and social growth in societies due to their innovative nature and rapid expansion. Given this importance, it is imperative to establish a robust infrastructure that supports their development, including the implementation of effective advertising and marketing strategies through email and social media platforms. As competition in the small business market intensifies, the pressure from competitors significantly increases, escalating the competitive dynamics within the industry. In light of this, diversifying marketing channels and capitalizing on the hidden opportunities within the industry becomes a crucial strategy for maintaining a competitive edge. By exploring and leveraging these opportunities, SMEs can effectively navigate the competitive landscape, attract a wider customer base, and ultimately achieve long-term success in their respective industries. Therefore, it is essential for SMEs to adapt their marketing strategies to embrace the diverse range of marketing channels available, ensuring they are not solely reliant on a single approach for reaching their target audience. This approach will allow SMEs to tap into the untapped potentials of various platforms, such as social media and email marketing, which have proven to be effective tools for engaging with customers and driving business growth. Hence, by leveraging these marketing channels, SMEs can effectively enhance their brand visibility, attract new customers, and ultimately contribute to the overall economic and social development of societies.

Project-oriented companies usually have several projects running at the same time, and completing them with the highest efficiency in the fastest time is the main challenge of project managers. Basically, the management of project-oriented companies, due to the environmental uncertainties of high competition, the existence of multiple stakeholders who sometimes have different goals, and most importantly, time constraints, requires specialized knowledge and very high skills. Project-oriented companies must have appropriate strategies to overcome these challenges, because without a clear, detailed and comprehensive plan, these companies will face many crises that can lead to their destruction. Strategic management by presenting various models to formulate suitable strategies is an efficient tool to overcome the challenges of companies, but the existing models in strategic management are not very suitable due to the difference between organizations and companies, therefore, in this research, an attempt is made to develop a process model for developing suitable strategies in companies. Project-oriented with a focus on increasing competitiveness. The research community consists of 12 experts with experience in project-oriented companies. Fuzzy Delphi approach has been used to refine the indicators and gather experts' opinions, and after identifying 38 indicators by experts and performing fuzzy Delphi, 10 of the most important factors were selected based on the result and final score and using the ISM method (Structural Modeling Method) Interpretive) the internal relationships between these indicators were investigated; After analyzing the data, these factors were classified and drawn in four levels, and the factors (effective project management, organizational culture and leadership, innovation and adaptability, performance measurement and evaluation, cooperation and team dynamics) were placed in level 1.

An efficient financial system leads to the aggregation and optimal allocation of resources in the economy. In advanced financial markets such as the United States, the economy is mainly financed through debt securities and stocks. This is despite the fact that in Iran, a small part of financing is done through debt securities and shares, and most of it is done through the banking system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the financing system of the country with an emphasis on the debt market. To achieve the above goal, a combined quantitative and qualitative method was used. At first, using the qualitative method of semi-structured interviews with selected experts, the factors of the lack of development of the debt market in the country were identified, and then the relationships between the factors were identified through the ISM method, and the identified factors were classified using MICMAC analysis. In this research, 24 factors were identified as obstacles to the development of the debt market, the highest-level factors were interest rate control by supervisory institutions, the existence of the government as an active member in the debt market, and international sanctions of the country.

Today, industrial free trade zones, as one of the main economic foundations, have taken a large share of the economies of developed and developing countries. However, the free zones in our country, despite their unique geopolitical position and abundant territorial, human, and natural capacities, have not been able to achieve the goals foreseen in the law on the formation and administration of these zones. Considering that the governance model and the rules and regulations governing the regions are known to be one of the main factors affecting the performance of these regions, in the present research, the dimensions and governance components of industrial free trade zones are identified with the deductive thematic analysis approach (background-based) and their stratification has been discussed with Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM). The results indicate that in the most basic level of the model (fourth level), transparency, equality, inclusiveness, and participation are placed, which act as the cornerstone of the model and can be a good start for improving the governance of free zones.

Strategic control of businesses when they’re facing rapid and profound changes, is one of the most important concerns of managers. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive model for the strategic control of wire & cable businesses in Iran. The wire & cable industry have a wide range of applications, high demand, and a growing market, and also the increasing desire for electrification and digitalization will provide a basis for its further growth in the coming years. In order to present the mentioned model, the research was conducted in two stages using a mixed method. In qualitative phase, by performing a thematic analysis on 8 semi-structured interviews and 6 video/text web interviews that were conducted with wire &cable industry experts, then classifying them based on 4 perspectives of BSC method in MAXQDA software. In the quantitative phase, the ISM approach was used to test the model, and finally MICMAC analysis was used to examine the relationships between themes. Findings showed that the wire & cable industry has fifteen control concepts that are classified at different levels as described in the final model; In the first phase, the concepts of interactive control, employee control, strategic issues control and performance evaluation are placed, in the second phase, the concepts of value chain control, quality control and customer attraction control, in the third phase, R&D&I processes control, political relationships control and sales assumptions control, in the fourth phase, the concepts of customer satisfaction control and market development control, and finally, in the fifth phase, the concepts of accounting control, organization capabilities control and profitability scenarios control are placed.

Organizational culture is one of the most fundamental areas of change and transformation in the organization and has a special place in the topics related to knowledge management and organizational behavior.  Knowledge sharing has also been proposed as a vital element for organizations to expand integrated services, resource sharing, efforts to promote organizational learning, creativity, and innovation (Aristopour et al., 2021(. Weak organizational culture is one of the ineffective factors of any organization. Today, the knowledge of human forces is considered the most valuable and important capital and asset of companies and organizations. Knowledge is one of the most important competitive advantages in the organization in the field of competition, and improving the productivity and performance of the organization through the effective use of human power is an important issue and concern in organizations (Shams et al., 2022). Today, knowledge is the most valuable and important asset and competitive advantage of organizations. Organizational culture based on knowledge is one of the important and main components of behavioral knowledge in organizations and has been the focus of organizational and behavioral thinkers in recent years. One of the requirements of knowledge management is designing a model and formulating an organizational culture based on knowledge, which is addressed in this research. Therefore, the current research aims to design an interpretative structural model of knowledge-based organizational culture to create a platform for the effective implementation of knowledge management in a fuzzy environment.

Design/Methodology/Approach: 

The current research is based on the paradigm of positivism and is applied in terms of the type and purpose of the research. In terms of the data collection method, it is descriptive-analytical. The process of carrying out this research includes two main stages: Jager's fuzzy approach and structural-interpretive modeling. The statistical population of this research includes university experts from whom seven samples were selected. In the current research, first, the important elements in the knowledge-based organizational culture were identified with a fuzzy approach, and then the type of relationships was identified by experts using the interpretive structural modeling method.

Based on data analysis and with regard to , the seven elements were determined. The ISM model includes three levels. At the lowest level, i.e. the third level, strengthening of communication and interactions, designing of participation processes, and strengthening of group workspace are recognized as the influential elements of the model, and at the highest level, everyone's accountability is the most dependent element of the model; Because according to the diagram of penetration power and degree of dependence, the higher the elements are, the lower their stimulating power and the greater the degree of dependence. The insight that this model gives to managers and decision-makers can help them strengthen organizational culture to improve organizational knowledge. Also, this model helps them to have a comprehensive view of the complex relationships between the influencing factors in the field of knowledge-based organizational culture and to identify priorities and have a proper direction in their policies.

According to the results, it is suggested to revise and implement a new process in the design process of organizational culture, especially in knowledge-based organizations. Also, for future research, it is suggested to localize the designed organizational culture model in different organizations and institutions according to the specific conditions of each institution. The dimensions and elements of the model can also be of interest to researchers and they can be investigated, developed, and compared with the model elements of this research.

Environmental uncertainty and intense competition in global markets have made petrochemical companies and complexes face many challenges and strategic risks. Strategic risks are risks that can unbalance the strategic system and have a significant negative impact on the industry. The purpose of this research was to design a model for identifying and prioritizing financial strategic risks, which prevented realization of strategic goals and affected all components and dimensions of the petrochemical industry. For this purpose, the primary data were first collected through semi-structured interviews with 14 experts and synthesis of previous studies. Then, using thematic analysis, the data were classified into the 3 layers of basic, organizing, and inclusive themes. Using the themes of the organizer, which were risk of financial sanctions, risk of effective financial decisions of the government, credit risk, liquidity risk, financial risk of the production area, macroeconomic risk, insurance risk and risk coverage, and product market risk and competition, a structural-interpretive modeling questionnaire was designed for high (strategic) management risks and the relationships between the risks were evaluated and investigated by asking the opinions of 15 experts from the petrochemical industry. In the end, the risk of financial sanctions as the most influential variable at the most basic level was introduced in the final model that showed the levels of financial strategic risks in the petrochemical industry.