ancient pattern

One of the approach that paves the way for critics to scrutinize deeper layers in literature is jungian archetypal critique. Jung analyzes the literary creations by explaining the words used in the work as human collective unconscious symbols. In this respect, some poets and writers unknowingly apply the archetypes that exist in their unconscious. Such schools of thought manifest the bulk of their unconscious ego though myths. Ahmad reza ahmadi, communicates with the unconscious through imagination and illustration. In his work, the surreal school (surrealism) has a special place and makes his childish and imaginative word gets a fantasy and mythical color. Ahmad reza ahmadi, the author of the child and adolescent has used many of the symbols in his work and has examined the use of symbolic vocabulary. Accordingly, in this study, we strive to examine the symbol and myth of the collective and archetypal unconscious from jung’s point of view and then explain and interpret archetypal words taking in to account jungain analytic psychology.

Playing Chess with the Resurrection Machine is one of the eminent stories on the holy defense (Iran-Iraq war), which carries much structural and conceptual significance. Its literary significance among the novels in line with the discourse of war is due to its artistic use of myths to increase the interpretability and layers of meaning in the novel. In this novel, some of the constant issues of human beings such as good and bad, human suffering, and the control of destiny have been represented through recreating the myth of the fall of man, Jesus's death, and the fight between the hero and the dragon. It seems that some of the mythological symbols are embedded consciously and purposefully, while some others are involved subconsciously in the narrative. What brings all of the symbolic myths together is the human's fight against bad as opposed to being passive in the theme of the story. Moreover, the use of symbolic myths has increased the novel's interpretability. The interpretation of the characters regarding some of the symbolic myths has brought about a contrapuntal feature to the novel and has made a change in comparison with the previous routine war novels. The study borrows the method of critical mythology from Jung and Eliade in order to analyze and interpret characters, narratives, and other components of the myths represented in the novel, so that its explanatory and contrapuntal powers increase.

Nostalgia or wistful affection for a period in the past is one of the topics that has been included in the field of literature in recent years. Few poets or writers have managed to save themselves from the effects of this phenomenon. When people encounter problems in their individual or social life, they may choose to sooth the pain by taking refuge in the past. This feeling is called nostalgia that can be defined as sentimental longing or wistful affection for a period in the past and can be frequently seen in constitutional poetry. In its original sense, Nostalgia refers to the state of being away from homeland, but it also includes longing for return to the lost paradise, praise for ancient Iran, as well as ethnic heroes and myths. In the present research, attempts are made to conduct an aesthetic study on nostalgia in the poems of Abolqasem Lahouti; a poet who, despite his partisan thoughts, has failed to escaped this psychological feature that is associated with his ethnic subconscious.

The anecdotes of Haft-Paykar, penned by the renowned Iranian poet, Nezami, maintain a structural discipline in relation to plot and contents. Although their narrations are linear in form, the other parts of these anecdotes maintain a unique structure in legendary symbolism. The background and presentation of solutions to different issues in these anecdotes, in majority of cases, is a reflection of the epical form. The terms of presentation of each section of these anecdotes are compatible with the symbolic contents and the spirit of each section.In this study, efforts were made to make use of ancient role models and the Theory of Myths of Northrop Frye, in a bid to present an epical version of the poetic anecdote on ‘murder of dragon by Bahram and discovery of treasure by him’. At the end, it was cleared that the three structural sections of this anecdote show the background, and resolution of problems, which with the usage of symbolism and poetic atmosphere, reflect the repeated pattern of summer, winter, and spring myths. With due attention to these patterns: romance or irony and comedy are the literary form of each section. This approach to statement of anecdotes is observed in several Farsi traditional literary texts.