spatial analysis

The water scarcity crisis in many geographical areas has many consequences in the economic, cultural, political and social fields. Among the most important socio-political consequences of water scarcity can be considered the formation of political unrest and protest gatherings. Khuzestan province is facing a water shortage crisis due to being in an arid and semi-arid climate, as well as due to a sharp decrease in rainfall in recent years, and this has had significant socio-political consequences in addition to various biological consequences. The riots of the summer of 2021 are the most obvious example. In the discussed time period, rallies were held for seven days in seventeen cities of Khuzestan province, which shows the importance of water scarcity and the risk of drought in the said province. The current research with spatial analysis approach and using library resources and using climate data, with the help of standardized precipitation index (SPI) and also using Arc GIS tool to zone Khuzestan province according to aridity, amount of precipitation and spatial distribution Social unrest in the province has been addressed. The findings of the research show that social-political consequences (specifically, protest gatherings) were more visible in cities that are located in very dry areas or where the amount of rainfall in the years prior to the protests was very low.

The main issue of the current research is that drugs affect public security and there is no doubt that people are the pillars of society. Therefore, whenever drugs dominate the society and the phenomenon of drug addiction appears in the society, the society will be sick with the most dangerous pests and stagnation, violation and backwardness will dominate the society and chaos will spread and that The society becomes an easy prey for the enemies to easily influence and dominate that society and their wealth, beliefs and religion and weaken them, and the weakening of the individual leads to the weakening of the efficiency of the society. Therefore, this process is a threat in general it is for production and national economy. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the security and political aspects of drugs in the Middle East. For the statistical and graphical analysis of patterns of distribution centers of drug trafficking in the Middle East from statistical methods of average center Standard deviation ellipse and clustering tests including nearest neighbor and kernel density estimation method were used. The findings of the research show that during the years 2000 to 2021, the highest concentration of drug discovery is in Turkey, northern Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. That there are the most centers of crime in this area, that this area has a more critical situation than other regions in the Middle East. The countries of Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait have less density in terms of the distribution of drug crimes than other countries in the Middle East.

The main purpose of the research is to analyze the livability situation in Kouye Salar neighborhood. The most important distinguishing point of this research with similar researches is the use of the combined method of inferential statistics - spatial interpolation - structural relations. The present research method is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature and is practical in terms of purpose. To collect of information, a library-document and field-survey method was used. The tools of data collection are in several ways: observation, questionnaire, and taking notes. The statistical society of this research is the residents of Kouye Salar neighborhood, which has 18,000 people according to the 2016 census of the Statistics Center. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used and the sample size was 376, which was distributed in the study area using the cluster random sampling method. One-sample t-test was used for quantitative data analysis and IDW method was used for spatial data analysis. The DEMATEL model has been used to evaluate the relationship between the livability dimensions. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability of the questionnaires was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test with the alpha coefficient value of 0.775. Based on the results of the research, the dimensions of livability, which include social, economic, environmental, urban management, historical pattern, and facilities and services, have obtained average of 2.94, 2.07, 3.01, 1.25, 1.83, and 2.55, respectively and also, the livability level is unfavorable with an average of 2.27. Also, the results of the spatial analysis of the livability dimensions in Kouye Salar neighborhood show that about 66% of the neighborhood is in an unfavorable condition. According to the results of DEMATEL model, the dimensions of urban management, economic and facilities and services as "cause" and the three dimensions of environment, social and history pattern as "disability" are extracted and shown in the livability of the locality territory.

Both unemployment and employment are known as the most important criteria which have been considered to reach community development. In this connection, structure and conditions of age groups of population as well as their changes can have determinative effects on the economic growth and future changes of the communities. According to the available statistical data, there are many inequalities in the rural areas of our country in order to use manpower and active population among age groups. This research aims to explore as well as analyze patterns and spatial relations between the unemployed population and active population in different age groups. The research has been conducted based on the descriptive-analytical method as well as it has been question-centered. All documents, books, Persian and Latin papers as well as related statistical data to the active and age groups of unemployed population also Polcon (Political Constraint) dataset about communities have been used to collect data. The analysis of statistical data was performed through using EXCEL, Entro-Map and Arc GIS software. The local entropy map was used in order to explore as well as analyze spatial relationships and patterns in different parts of the country. Results of the research show that the youth age groups which have the mostuniform spatial pattern have the highest ratio of unemployed population to the active population in most of the regions of our country as well as both adolescents and middle age groups have been ranked second (in most of regions) for the ration of unemployment to the active population. Also, they have had a relatively uniform spatial pattern throughout the country. Subsequently, two children and elderly age groups have ranked the third and the forth in proportion of the unemployed population to active population but the elderly age group has the most unbalanced spatial pattern in Iran.