جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « قرب به خدا » در نشریات گروه « فلسفه و کلام »

Happiness and perfection in the Abrahamic religions is equal to nearness to God the Almighty. Closeness to God can be examined from different aspects such as the position of closeness to God in religion, its impact on worldly and afterworld lives, different ways of achieving closeness to God, and so on. What is important in this regard are the oundations and infrastructures of this approximation. In Islam and Christianity, nearness o God is based on a series of anthropological and theological foundations. Some of these oundations are common in Islam and Christianity like man has covenant with God, man is n the way of becoming, man is in pursuit of absolute perfection; man is the vicegerent of God and Christ. Although, given the fundamental differences between theology and anthropology of Islam and Christianity, based on Paul's writings, some of the foundations of nearness to God are different in these two traditions. Islamic specific foundations are man as the carrier of divine trust, man’s clean nature, and his ability to attain perfection. Christian specific foundations are the infected nature of man and his inability to save himself and achieve closeness to God except through the grace of God and Christ’s atonement.

Since the third and fourth centuries AH، “The theory of Moderation” which has Greek origination and is based on Aristotle''s ideas in ethics، gradually entered Islamic ethical literature and many scholars، such as IbnMiskawayhand KhawajehNasir al-Din Tusi، found their ethical works on this Idea. According to this theory، the virtue is complying with “the mean” in every action and avoiding the excess and deficiency which are considered as vices. In this study، by examining this theory and comparing it with the Islam''s ethical theory – which is expressed in Islam''s main texts، i. e the Qura''n and hadith – I will try to set forth an accurate and inclusive view in this regard. At last، the result of this try is showing the incompleteness of the basis of the Aristotelian theory of “Moderation” and also proving that according to reliable religious texts، the criterion for the “happiness” is “the intimacy to God” that encompass all excellencesand on the opposite side، “wretchedness” is avoiding every deed that approximates the person to the almighty God.

Although there is no disagreement about desirability of perfection, there are disagreements about the whatness of the discussion of human’s ultimate perfection. Accordingly, the whatness of the ultimate perfection is very important. At first, the paper deals with literal and idiomatic meanings of perfection, the first perfection, and the second perfection. Then, the differences between them have been mentioned followed by expressing Ayatollah Mesbah’s viewpoint along with other ones’ about man’s ultimate perfection which is closeness to God. According to his commentary, human’s ultimate perfection is his happiness and although the ultimate perfection is conceptually different from happiness, both are evidently the same while existential and philosophical perfections include moral perfection.

Religious doctrines emphasize that man must have fear and hope and high ambition when he wants to converse with the Most High God. The attainment of this position requires realizing that The Most High God has all perfections and that man is a creature that is not far from God’s mercy and that he enjoys His material and spiritual blessings. High ambitious men always seek to draw nigh to God and be near to the eternal deity. Although people can never understand transcendent facts, they must always try to be nearer to God by doing good deeds which make God pleased. To achieve this goal, one should have a good understanding of the God's greatness and man’s existential areas of imperfections and defects.