جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Ethical Necessity » در نشریات گروه « فلسفه و کلام »

Different viewpoints upon the nature of ethical necessities has become the source of variety in theories in this regard. One of these them is Ayatollah Larijani’s theory of Ethical Necessities which has been distinguished from other theories due to having belief in meaningfulness and nafs ul-amri realities. Explaining Ayatollah Larijani’s viewpoint and having an overview of the other theories from his viewpoint, the theory of ethical and rational necessities has been analyzed and evaluated in three areas of semantics, ontology, and epistemology and while certainty of different parts of this theory is insisted on without any conflicts, it is addressed by some criticisms. Restraint of reason in perception shall be reflected upon and Quranic, narrative and philosophical emphasizes about the position of practical reason and its necessity and policy shall be considered. In accordance with the position of reason in different resources and explain it precisely, our perception from rational commandments demands more explications and by considering the approach reasonableness of intellect, the implied justifications of the above-mentioned viewpoint will be faced to some conflicts. However, if the position of reason is realized differently, investigations of the scientists including Professor Larijani’s on the theory of ethical and rational necessities will become the commence of acceleration in the process of achieving a comprehensive theory about ethical theory of Islam.

The most important part in analyzing moral concepts includes those used as predicate in moral sentences covering moral concepts of valuation and obligation. Moral concepts in the field of values include those like “good” and “bad” while obligatory concepts include “ought to” and “ought no” and “duty”. Many papers have been written about “moral obligation”; however, dissociating the area of semantics from ontology of the concept of “moral obligation”, this paper has proposed a new interpretation of Allame Tabatabaie’s viewpoint about semantics of “moral obligation”. This study intends to prove that for Allame Tabatabaie, the meaning of “moral obligation” is known as “necessity by the other” because he founds i’tibaryat theory based on “Sakkaki`s view” and there is no distinction between literal meanings of these kinds of metaphors from their real meanings, but figurative meanings are different from real meanings. Therefore, the meaning of “ought to” would not be different in real and credit usages and according to the fact that from his viewpoint the meaning of “real ought to” is “necessity by the other”; thus, the meaning of “credit ought to” will be “necessity by the other”, too.