changes detection

Land-use can be considered as a combination of physical, social, cultural, economic, and informational concept of every country. In fact, the land-use maps include ways for using land for human’s different needs. Since warning land-use maps and their updates are as the most important goal in the management of lands, the use of remote sensing technology is the best way to extract the user's maps. The present study aims to employ HDR sensor with digital processing SPOT satellite images related to 2005 and satellite image obtained from the sensor of AVNIR, AlOS for 2011 to extract land use maps based on object-based image analysis approach. Accordingly, in the pre-processing step was spent on the image and in the processing phase after the detection of images, they were classified using object based advanced method. For the classification the function (the nearest neighborhood) and algorithms (hierarchical classification) were used. The method of image processing was object-based which was performed using spatial and spectral algorithms in knowledge-based manner at e-cognition software. In the next step, the validation step was performed and the accuracy of classification for 2005 was calculated to be 84 percent and for the year 2011 it was assessed to be about 81 percent. The results of this research are important for decision makers in this area for the task of regional planning and monitoring.

Land is one of the inputs of the production sector. It plays an important role not only in the agricultural economy and natural resources but also in the economy of the whole country and it is necessary to pay attention to the land and the changes that have taken place in it. The present study was conducted to investigate the trend of land use change in Ojan Chay catchment using remote sensing and GIS. Multi-timer images of 1987 TM, ETM + 2002, and ETM + 2015 were used in this study, and land use maps were prepared based on digital processing of maximum probability and backup vector machine. The type of land use changes in the region was obtained. According to the results, the SVM method is more efficient for estimating land use changes in the study area so that the extracted results have a higher percentage of accuracy and kappa coefficient. From the results of evaluations, it can be deduced that the trend of land use change in some land uses such as agricultural lands and pastures is high. Agricultural lands have fluctuated from 33% to 37% over a period of 28 years and rangelands have decreased from 51% to 49%, with these two uses having the most changes. Finally, due to the fact that most of the changes in rangeland change have been related to agricultural lands and vice versa, therefore, the need to focus land management and improvement activities on this type of land use increases.

Earth surface temperature is an important indicator in the study of energy equilibrium models at the ground level on a regional and global scale. Due to the limitation of meteorological stations, remote sensing can be an appropriate alternative to the Earth's surface temperature. The main objective of this study is to monitor the surface temperature and its relationship with land use, which is monitored using satellite imagery. For this purpose, the images were first obtained and the necessary pre-processing was applied to each one. Then it was compared to modeling and classification of images. Firstly, in order to investigate the changes in user-orientation, a user-defined classification map for each object was extracted using the object-oriented method. Then, to investigate the land use change, a map of user-landing changes map was extracted in an 18-year time period (2000-2017). Finally, in order to monitor the surface temperature, the surface temperature map of Ardebil was extracted. The results showed that there is a strong relationship between land use and surface temperature. As a user, urban users have a temperature of about 41 ° C (2017), which is also due to heat-absorbing urban temperatures. This is despite the fact that the use of hydrocarbons is due to a lower heat absorption of 34 ° C (2017). This shows the role of different uses in determining surface temperatures. Also, the relationship between surface temperature and vegetation cover was investigated in this study. The results showed that areas such as soil and urban areas with a lower coverage than areas such as agriculture and pasture, have a higher temperature. Because the coating is always an obstacle to the entry of heat, it has an inverse relationship with superficial heat.

Delta areas are dynamic features with changes occurring at many spatial and temporal scales due to catastrophic events. Change detection and providing fluvial map of changes are the main requirements for environmental and zonal planners in many studies. Geomorphic changes such as temporal and periodic changes in riverbeds are common events in all deltaic areas. The Mehran river delta is located in the west of Hormozgan State. Changes in various geomorphic features، shuch as riverbed migration، during a 21-year period، were detected and identified using landsat TM and ETM satellite data and topographic maps. Simple band subtraction and linear directional mean were used to identify changes in the case study. The results of this study show that the mehran river channel has migrated several times over the last 21 years so that several meanders and ox-bow lakes remain as a result of migration. Moreover a little change in coast line toward Persian Gulf has been identified as a result of migration and deposition. The Changes of vegetation cover area in this zone which has mangrove vegetation cover have been noticeable so that these covers have incremental trend according to undergone action in artificial forests. The results of this study may be used in an integrated coastal zone information system as it has been proposed for the Mehran river delta.