Smart City

The emergence of metaverse cities is a novel phenomenon and a necessity for the future of urban environments globally. The urban metaverse results in the creation of enhanced, resilient, and sustainable cities, facilitating future urban decision-making for city managers. The primary reason for the explosion of the metaverse is that it brings limitless imagination to people. The emerging metaverse technology will undoubtedly inject new vitality into smart cities, open up more practical scenarios, and propel them forward.

This research aims to discuss digitalization and the impact of digital twins on the advancement of modern cities, as well as the core content and key technologies of smart cities. This study is considered fundamental research. It is question - driven and conducted through documentary and library research. Additionally, it is a qualitative exploratory study that employs qualitative content analysis to answer the research questions. Information gathering tools in this research include library sources such as books, articles, theses, development plans, and internet resources.

Overall, this research serves as a significant reference for the overall development and practical application of smart cities based on digital twins, enhancing the overall operational efficiency and governance level of cities.

In the near future, the automated performance and intelligence of cities will become a vital need to improve the economic, social and environmental well-being of citizens. Urban smart technologies play an important role in the sustainable development of cities and make smart cities a reality. In this sense, the energy sustainability of cities has become a global concern, and has brought with it a wide range of research and challenges that affect many aspects of people's lives. Buildings that make up an urban subsystem In fact, buildings are the cornerstone of global carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, the present study seeks to identify the factors affecting the reduction of urban energy consumption for the sustainability of smart metropolises. The present research is descriptive-analytical and survey, the sample size is 15 city managers, managers and professors of information and communication technology. Data analysis was performed by structural equation method (SEM) with SPSS and Smart PLS software. The results show that the greatest impact on reducing energy consumption in the direction of urban sustainability in the metropolis of Tabriz is related to the physical index (PH), citizens' satisfaction and comfort index (SA), energy consumption management. (CM) with the extracted coefficients based on the structural model of the research are 0.965, 0.960 and 0.902, respectively. Therefore, to reduce energy consumption for sustainability in the metropolis of Tabriz, the use of smart urban development methods along with the forecast of smart buildings will be very effective.

Security is one of the fundamental needs of humans, and due to population growth and increasing complexity, today's cities face more challenges in achieving security. The overall aim of this study was to explore the relationship between smart city drivers and sustainable urban security in the city of Semnan.

This research employed a descriptive correlational method to investigate the relationships between smart city dimensions and urban security in 2024 in Semnan. Data were collected through a questionnaire from 384 participants. For analysis, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and one-sample T-test were used. The results revealed that the dimensions of citizens, smart environment, and smart mobility had the most positive impact on urban security, while the dimensions of smart governance and smart dynamics need strengthening.

The findings indicate that the various dimensions of the smart city have different impacts on urban security in Semnan. "Citizens," "smart environment," and "smart mobility" have the most positive impact on urban security and should be strengthened in policy-making. On the other hand, "smart governance" and "smart dynamics" need revision and improvement. The results also show that 58% of the variance in urban security is explained by the dimensions of the smart city, indicating a strong relationship between these dimensions and urban security. Additionally, the urban security status in Semnan was found to be below expectations, and this difference is statistically significant.

The results of this study indicate that the various dimensions of a smart city, especially "citizens," "smart environment," and "smart mobility," have a significant impact on urban security, while the dimensions of "smart governance" and "smart dynamics" require strengthening and improvement to enhance urban security.

Increasing urbanization, population growth and the social, economic and environmental problems resulting from them, along with the growth and expansion of information and communication technology - as the main axis of transformation in the world - is the main feature of the 21st century. To deal with the challenge of cities, the concept of smart city has been presented. Good urban governance is presented as a prerequisite for a smart city by national and international organizations. Therefore, the idea of urban management and governance has been removed from its traditional state and improved. In other words, good and smart governance involves an open dialogue between citizens and city officials through an active ICT platform. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to answer the question that with the new changes in the field of technology in the cities of the country, especially the metropolises, what is the state of good governance indicators in the studied metropolis? And is the urban management in Tabriz metropolis able to improve the desirable urban governance indicators in line with the smart city indicators? The answers to the research questions have been done by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative models. The indicators of smart city and good urban governance have been extracted using questionnaire tools and statistics available in statistical yearbooks and analyzed in Python programming environment. The results show that the overall score of good governance in Tabriz metropolis is 0.436. Among the five indicators introduced by the United Nations, the effectiveness index is the most favorable and the equality index is the most unfavorable among other indicators.

Smart cities are developed and built as interconnected urban domains where embedded elements can interact with each other and with the users residing in them. In building smart cities, Internet of Things has the potential to collect information about the urban environment, provide new services to citizens, facilitate their daily life and increase the ability to live in the city. In the current research, with the participation of managers, officials and academic experts, the key drivers affecting the smart city based on the Internet of Things have been identified and finally, the scenarios effective on the formation of the smart city based on the Internet of Things have been compiled. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. The method of collecting data and information was library, document and survey (interview). The review of scientific sources identified 26 factors affecting the smart city based on the Internet of Things, which were categorized into 6 dimensions, and a total of 25 people, including managers of related organizations and academic experts, were interviewed. Data analysis was based on prospective research technique; Including structure analysis, analysis of mutual effects based on Micmac and Scenario Wizard software. The results showed that there are 8 possible scenarios for the establishment of a smart city based on the Internet of Things, of which 1 scenario is in a strong and stable compatibility mode (zero incompatibility) and 7 scenarios are in a weak compatibility mode. The first scenario, which is a scenario with a positive direction, has an interaction effect score of 123 and a compatibility value of 2, while the second scenario, which seems to be unfavorable conditions for the future of the smart city based on the Internet of Things in Mashhad metropolis, has a total interaction effect score of -20 and the compatibility value is -1. The third scenario also has a compatibility value of -1 and with a total interaction effect score of 27, it can be one of the possible scenarios for the future of the smart city based on the Internet of Things in Mashhad metropolis.

District 20 of Tehran Municipality is characterized as a less developed region attributable to factors such as insufficient smart infrastructure and the absence of a coherent vision for smart city infrastructure advancement. The primary objective of this research was to develop a comprehensive management framework for spatial data infrastructure integrated with a smart city approach within District 20 of Tehran.

This investigation, carried out between 2023 and 2024, was divided into qualitative and quantitative phases, with a particular focus on District 20 in Tehran. The study's sample size comprised 16 experts, and data collection methods encompassed semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. During the qualitative phase, the components essential for managing spatial data infrastructure in the context of a smart city were identified through an extensive review of existing literature. Subsequently, following adjustments based on expert feedback, a total of 12 components were validated. In the quantitative phase, structural equation modeling was employed to delineate the network of relationships and interactions, culminating in the presentation of the final model.

The formulation of policies for spatial data infrastructure was recognized as the most influential component at the highest echelon. Factors such as the utilization extent of spatial data, the quantity of electronic service centers, data update frequencies, cooperation and synchronization among the authorities of Rey Governorate, Rey Municipality, and Tehran Municipality in the realms of spatial data production, standardization, and distribution, along with the element of collaboration and synchronization with other entities categorized as data users, were positioned as influential components at the lowest tier.

The policies and criteria established within the domain of spatial data infrastructure possess the most significant influence on other elements.

As one of the biggest and most complex global challenges, the COVID-19 crisis has clearly shown how an infectious disease can spread rapidly around the world and deeply affect all aspects of human life. In the meantime, it is very important to adopt a smart approach and use smart city technologies and initiatives for urban resilience in the face of such crises so that communities and cities can best deal with the challenges ahead and have proper preparation for future crises. The current research was conducted with the aim of explaining the effective factors and indicators of a smart city in improving urban resilience against COVID-19 in Shiraz. The research method of this research is quantitative, descriptive-analytical in nature, and practical in terms of purpose. The data was collected using library documents and field studies. The statistical population of the research included all the residents of Zone 1 of Shiraz city, which was determined using the Cochran Jahm formula, and the questionnaires were distributed and collected among the citizens by systematic random sampling. Research data have been analyzed using the structural equation method. The results have shown that all four effective factors of a smart city, i.e., access to services, institutional management, economic, and sociocultural, have a significant relationship with urban resilience against COVID-19. Access to services is the most influential factor in improving the resilience of Shiraz city against COVID-19. The sociocultural, economic, and institutional management factors are in the next ranks in terms of importance and impact on the improvement of Shiraz city's resilience against COVID-19.

Smart city as an approach that has paid attention to all aspects of human life and it can be boldly said that it has brought together all the effective ideas and approaches in solving the problems of urban life, in fact it can be said that smart city is a new concept in the program. Rezi is a city that requires infrastructure changes in the three categories of information and communication technology, management and policymaking, and human resources for its implementation.In the smart city model, various technologies are combined and used to improve the lives of citizens. Therefore, the smart city is not a reality, but a strategy in the process of urban planning and management, in fact, what moves a city towards smartness is not only the use of electronic tools and communication systems of that city; Rather, it is the way of planning and using this tool to improve the quality of life of the citizens of a city. Therefore, this model as an alternative solution for solving urban problems should be given special attention by managers and planners. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to investigate the impact of smart factors on urban management in the municipality of Mashhad region. According to the listed theories and approaches, 3 types of processes in the smartening of cities can be proposed. One type of process is a top-down process that is technology-oriented and tries to operate by using the capabilities of information and communication technology and by defining projects in order to manage more efficiently and increase productivity. In the bottom-up process, the emphasis on citizens' participation and a type of digital democracy and digital education of citizens and the use of social media reached the smart city, and the third type of process is a combination of the above two types of processes.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and its data was collected with the help of a questionnaire. The statistical population includes all the residents of a region of Mashhad municipality, and according to the population of 201373 people, the number of 384 people was obtained as a statistical sample using Cochran's formula. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also used to obtain the reliability of the questionnaire.
District 1 of Mashhad Municipality has 12 customary and registered neighborhoods, according to the latest census data in Mashhad's neighborhood atlas project, the total population of District 1 is 201,373 people, of which 98,789 are men and 102,584 are women.

The results related to the "smart economy" variable have the highest average of "the spread and penetration of the Internet among families" and equal to 3.282. The lowest average is related to "strategic program for the expansion of Internet businesses and its development in the virtual space" and is equal to 2.384. In the study of "Intelligent Dynamics", the highest average is related to "the level of penetration of the use of information and communication technologies among citizens" and is equal to 3.775. The lowest average is related to "internet bandwidth and coverage" and is equal to 3.308. In the study of "smart environment", the highest average is related to "possibility of identifying and benefiting from the cultural topics of Mashhad city through virtual space" and is equal to 3.063. The lowest average is related to "the role of information and communication in expanding public security of citizens" and equals 2.480. In the "smart governance" variable, the highest mean is related to "the role of information and communication technology and applications in the improvement and efficiency of administrative services to citizens" and is equal to 3.264. The lowest average is related to "the level of effort and effort of city officials and managers in expanding and developing the comprehensive processes of communication and information" and is equal to 3.102. In the questions of the questionnaire related to the "smart domain" variable, the highest mean is related to "the role of education and especially the Shad network in the penetration and expansion of virtual education and the familiarity of families with virtual space" and is equal to 3.869. The lowest average is related to "the role of technological and knowledge-based companies in the expansion of infrastructure and applications and its training" and is equal to 3.170.

Based on the opinions of citizens, the findings show that smartness in the dimension of smart economy with a coefficient of 0.400, in the dimension of dynamism with a coefficient of 0.337, in the dimension of smart environment with a coefficient of 0.729, in the dimension of smart governance with a coefficient of 0.533 and in the dimension of smart territory with a coefficient of 0.745, they had an impact on the performance of urban management and it has a positive and significant relationship with these dimensions. Finally, it was found that the smart territory index had a greater impact on the urban management performance of this region than other smartness indicators.

The concept of a smart city involves utilizing information and communication technology to improve the livability and sustainability of urban areas and unique locations, thereby promoting innovation and entrepreneurship. The extensive use of digital sensors and control systems for managing urban infrastructure has led to the development of various applications with the Internet of Things (IoT) playing a crucial role in enabling new services and enhancing interaction levels. As this technology continues to progress, it holds the potential to transform every aspect of human life. This research aimed to conduct a spatial analysis of smart city indicators, particularly those related to the IoT across 13 regions of Mashhad metropolis. This study took an applied approach with a descriptive-analytical nature by utilizing both documentary (library) and field (questionnaire) data collection methods. The sample consisted of residents from 13 regions within Mashhad metropolis with a sample size of 171 questionnaires determined based on the 2016 population of 3,062,242. The questionnaires were distributed proportionately across each region. The data analysis was conducted by using SPSS software and decision-making methods, such as MEREC and COCOSO. Furthermore, the structural equation modeling approach (Smart PLS) was employed for a comprehensive analysis. The research findings indicated that Regions 9, 1, and 4 showed the highest levels of smart city indicators based on IoT in Mashhad, while Regions 3, 12, and 10 exhibited the lowest levels. According to the results of the PLS structural equation modeling test, the variable of smart governance showed the highest overall impact coefficient (1.523) on the IoT-based smart city followed by smart economy (1.256), smart citizen (0.895), smart environment (0.687), smart mobility (0.622), and smart living (0.160).

A smart city is a sophisticated ecosystem that leverages advanced information and communication technologies to enhance the appeal and sustainability of urban areas and distinctive locations, fostering innovation and entrepreneurship. The widespread adoption of digital sensors and control systems for managing urban infrastructure has facilitated various applications with the Internet of Things (IoT) emerging as a solution for delivering new services and enhancing interactive experiences. In recent years, the concept of smart cities has gained traction in Iran with cities, such as Urmia, Isfahan, Tehran, Mashhad, and Tabriz, being recognized as smart cities. Due to its rapid growth and development, as well as social, economic, and environmental changes in line with new needs, Mashhad City needs to provide services that are suitable and deserving for its residents, especially considering the significant number of domestic and foreign pilgrims, who visit the holy shrine of Imam Reza annually. Therefore, the indigenous capacities of the city alone are not sufficient for its development and the collaboration of various sectors, especially the communication and IT sectors, is necessary to elevate and progress it in new areas. Hence, this paper aimed to examine the distribution status of IoT-based smart city indicators in 13 districts of Mashhad municipality and answer the question of how the current status of IoT-based smart city indicators was in the mentioned districts. 

This research was applied in terms of its objective and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. The data collection method included both documentary (library) and field (questionnaire) researches. The sample consisted of residents from the 13 districts of Mashhad metropolis. Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size for each district, resulting in a total of 171 questionnaires based on a coefficient of 0.075 and population of 3,062,242 in 2016. The questionnaire was designed in a 5-point Likert scale format and distributed and completed across the districts of Mashhad. The questionnaire was validated based on the input from university professors and the necessary modifications were implemented. After collecting the questionnaires and assessing their reliability using the Cronbach's alpha method, the gathered data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Chi-square test, skewness and kurtosis tests, and one-sample t-test, within the SPSS software environment. Additionally, decision-making methods, such as MEREC and COCOSO, were utilized for data and information analysis. Finally, the Smart PLS software was employed to construct the structural equation model and determine the impact levels of the desired indicators on the IoT-based smart city. 

Upon confirming the normal distribution of the data through skewness and kurtosis tests, the results of the one-sample t-test indicated that all the indicators were significant. Among the IoT-based smart growth indicators, the first factor (smart mobility) exhibited the highest mean of 2.7154, while the component of smart citizen had the lowest score of 2.1287 compared to the other components. Following the weighting of the indicators by using the MEREC method and application of the COCOSO technique for ranking the districts, the results revealed that District 9 secured the 1st rank with a score of 3.412 and District 1 showed the 2nd rank with a score of 3.349 with the remaining districts following in subsequent ranks. Furthermore, the results of the structural equation modeling by using SMART PLS indicated that the variable of smart government exhibited the highest overall influence coefficient of 1.523 followed by smart economy (1.256), smart citizen (0.895), smart environment (0.687), smart mobility (0.622), and smart living (0.160), showcasing their influences in the IoT-based smart city. 

A smart city represents a comprehensive framework that assesses various facets of intelligent initiatives, empowering cities to leverage urban networks, bolster their economic prowess, and establish more efficient systems. This network relies on wireless networks, broadcasting networks, internet networks, telecommunication networks, and sensor networks with the Internet of Things (IoT) at its core. The research findings were consistent with the conclusions of other researchers, such as Mafi and Gholizadeh (2015), Amelifar et al. (2022), and Sudeep et al. (2018), highlighting the impact of IoT in urban settings, resulting in savings in time, cost, energy, materials, and human resources, and ultimately enhancing the quality of urban life. The high rankings of Regions 9 and 1 in Mashhad metropolis in terms of smart city indicators validated this assertion as evidenced by the high quality of urban life in these areas and the residents' preference to live there.

The contribution of the study in place branding theory is that cities and destinations generally do not include their smart aspects in their branding strategy. Therefore, one should try to understand that branding is not the only management and communication of a brand. It should be a complete management process, constantly evolving, which should include all key aspects of the identity, reality and development of cities and destinations, and should also be able to include aspects and realities of the territory even if they include them. The current research is quantitative in terms of purpose, application and methodology. Library sources and field research (questionnaire) have been used to collect information. For sampling from the statistical population, the urban planners of the sixth district of Tehran, Yousef Abad neighborhood, are considered. For this purpose, random sampling was used in this study. According to the opinion of professors and consultants, the size of the statistical sample is 30 people due to the unknown exact statistics of the number of experts in the field of urban planning. Questionnaire validity, content validity and reliability were determined using Cronbach's alpha as 0.88. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between the physical and environmental components of the urban branding of Mahlesfabad and the smart city at the 95% confidence level. It is also possible to provide an unlimited amount of information about Yousef Abad neighborhood by holding various exhibitions and events, online information (or city branding in virtual space and social networks) and websites designed with a domain name specific to the city. Transfer to your contacts and by providing virtual tourism tours, signs and elements of the visual identity of the city, advertising slogans, calendar of city events, the possibility of online planning and reservation of facilities and other unlimited facilities, influence the audience's understanding of that neighborhood.

Due to the importance of the quality of life factor in the urban planning system, attention to the concept of intelligence and the expansion of its influence is brought up more and more, which has drawn the attention of many thinkers to the concept of a smart city, which results in the review and presentation of factors and indicators effective in the realization of a smart city. One of the effective factors is the emergence of startups. Therefore, the current research aims to present a smart city model using startups, which is mixed in terms of purpose, practicality and terms of data analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative phase was considered to include experts in the fields of urban planning and urban management, and 11 experts were selected using the sampling method. In the quantitative phase, the senior and middle managers of the municipalities of Tehran were selected as the statistical population and 350 people were selected as the statistical sample. To perform descriptive and inferential analyses, Spss and PLS Smart software were used. The research results led to a research model including nine comprehensive themes and twenty-one constructive themes. The analysis between these two variables with a significant number (17.809) and path coefficient (coefficient 0.945) showed that startups have a positive and relatively strong significant effect on the smart city. According to the research findings, it should be said that nowadays new organizational architectures, changing strategies and start-ups are used to realize the smart city. Because the smart city is managed based on data and the use of complex information technology systems to integrate services and urban infrastructure. The main axis of transformation and development in the smart city is information technology, startups and urban innovations in line with the implementation and realization of the smart city They have a special place.

The cities are the most dynamic and important units of the country. Cities play a key role in human development. With the continuous development of the urban population, the needs are increasing. With the expansion of cities and the creation of megacities, there are various types of problems among them that can require management, resources, resources, air, concern. Human health, traffic and wear and tear of infrastructure points to urban governance the research design is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose, and the research data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed in spss-24 software. In this research, two-stage random cluster sampling. was used and the sample size was 422 people. First, four districts of Bandar Abbas municipality were considered as four main clusters and five districts were selected from among them the results of the analysis using single-group t-test showed that the dimensions of smart city governance arrangements (technology, cooperation and participation, decision-making, managing electronic affairs, internal and external coordination, capacity for creativity and innovation) are lower than the desired average. are. located. Also, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that in the index of cooperation and participation, the special region (Azam Prophet) had the highest average rank and region one (Region 2) had the lowest average rank (p<0.05). Also, in the electronic affairs administration index, region two (region 2) had the highest average rank and region three (region 3) had the lowest average rank (p<0.01).

Nowadays, due to the increasing problems of cities due to the increasing expansion of urbanization, the application of new approaches in urban planning in order to achieve sustainable development is an inevitable necessity. In this regard, one of the effective approaches to the sustainable development of cities has been planning to make them smarter. Given the importance of the smart approach in planning cities today, the purpose of this study is to presentation of a smart city development model with emphasis on the characteristics of education city in Ghaen city. Therefore, the research method is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-exploratory in nature which in order to analyze the data, has been used structural equation modeling method in AMOS software. It is noteworthy that the statistical population of the study includes academic elites and Ghaen city managers and due to the uncertainty of the number of statistical population, through Cohen's formula at the 95% confidence level, 90 people have been selected as the sample size. Findings show that the most important variables affecting the feasibility of smart city in Ghaen city are smart management, smart environment, smart citizen, smart economy, smart mobility and smart life, which have an impact rate based on the structural model are calculated 0.89, 0.81 0, 0.73, 0.65, 0.58 and 0.52. The results also indicate that the education approach (educator city) can play a pivotal role in achieving the indicators of Ghaen smart city through planning in three dimensions of educational facilities, urban environment and citizens. In this regard, it can be said that about 64% of the realization of Ghaen smart city is explained by the existence and realization of the indicators of the city of education.

Smart city is the use of governance based on information and communication technology and is now a widespread trend around the world. Using smart cities is expected to be more effective in managing complex, diverse urban problems resulting from rapid urbanization. However, in its implementation, many fundamental problems significantly affect the success of the implementation of smart cities, including the lack of adequate human resources, technology policies, etc. have not been effective. The purpose of this article is to analyze the nature of Tabriz city development based on smart city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey. The sample size is 25 experts in Tabriz urban affairs. Structural equations with Smart Pls software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that, among the studied indicators, the most impact on smart city development, related to the human resources index (H), e-government (G) and ICT (I) with the coefficients extracted based on the structural model, respectively. The research is 0.911, 0.812 and 0.781. It is also observed in the measurement model that the factor coefficient for each variable is higher than 0.50%. As a result, in order to achieve sustainable development of Tabriz based on the development of smart city, more attention should be paid to the human resources index and e-government.

Security is one of the most important basic human needs, and in current cities, due to the increase in population and the complexity of urban issues, the way to achieve sustainable security is facing a challenge. In order to solve complex urban problems, the smartness of the urban space, which is based on information and communication technology, is a suitable strategy. In this regard, the purpose of this research was the need to pay attention to the smart city as a strategy to improve the sense of security in the public spaces of Karaj city. The current research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. Data collection was done through a researcher-made questionnaire (375 people) at the level of Karaj city. For the analysis, one-by-one statistical analysis and regression have been used. The results of the research show that the average dimensions of physical-spatial (2.97), behavioral and social dimensions (2.77) are lower than 3 and they do not have favorable conditions. The average of the monitoring components (3.5) and access (3.63) is higher and they are in favorable conditions. The regression analysis shows that the components of intelligence have an impact on the components of security, so that the dimensions of smart life with a beta of 0.423 and smart citizenship with a beta of 0.332 have had the greatest impact in increasing security in the public spaces of Karaj according to the respondents.

The present study utilizes the cross-impact analysis technique as one of the common and accepted methods of future-based studies to analyze the impact of smart city factors on the components of infill development in the historical contexts of the Tabriz city. The method of the present study is descriptive-analytical. In this manner, 34 components of smart city along with 19 variables of infill development were extracted using environmental scanning technique and were analyzed by 30 urban planning experts through Micmac software. The results of the research indicate the instability of the system in the metropolis of Tabriz, according to which, five categories of influential, two-sided, influential, independent and risk factors can be identified. Finally, by studying, reviewing and analyzing the results, 7 key factors influencing smart development include creativity, innovative spirit, sustainable resource management, local access, sustainable and creative transportation. The safety, attractiveness of natural conditions and flexibility and 4 key factors influencing infill development, including affordable housing, land productivity, population density and polluting land uses were determined. Who have played the most important role in recreating the future of dysfunctional tissues of Tabriz metropolis with an emphasis on smart urban development. The innovation of the present study can also be indicated in two areas: subject (due to lack of studies in this subject) and methodology (Micmac method).

It is necessary to evaluate the physical texture of Babol according to the local characteristics and the spatial structure of the city and the reasons for its need for spatial reconstruction from the perspective of the smart city approach because urban management can consider defined areas for the city areas that should be accompanied by With technological standards and appropriate policies, the economic and social revitalization of the day in the form of technological development will help the smart city. This research is applied research done with analytical methods and a quantitative approach. The statistical population of the current research includes two sections of experts, whose number is 20 based on available sampling and Babol city residents based on Cochran's formula and random sampling. Two methods of SWARA, determining the importance of indicators, and WASPAS, ranking urban areas, were used for the data. Also, t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation, regression and Scheffe's post hoc test were used in SPSS software and structural equations in Amos software. According to the results, the indicators of a smart economy, smart government, smart life, smart citizen, smart environment and smart mobility are important in realizing a smart city. Also, based on the results of WASPAS, one area of Babol has a more favorable situation. Therefore, it is necessary for those in charge to pay special attention and have an application program for Region 2 and the context of the city of Babol in general in order to make it smart and achieve sustainable development. 

Urban vegetation provides valuable ecosystem services to cities and their residents. With the increasing recognition of the multifunctional benefits of these services, improving green space networks tailored to the environmental and climatic characteristics of each city is a global trend. Green roofs have also gained attention as an important element in enhancing vegetation coverage and green spaces. The implementation of green roofs in Tehran can contribute to reducing building energy consumption and mitigating hazards such as air pollution, noise pollution, and heat islands, while enhancing urban biodiversity. In a time when greenhouse gas emissions are on the rise and the impacts of climate change are affecting urban life, the application of green roofs can be a step towards increasing resilience. It is necessary to optimize and integrate green roof components within the framework of green, intelligent, and sustainable building approaches.

Smart cities are realized through complex processes in which actors and decision-makers make policy and implement it. Meanwhile, harmony is another goal for smart cities, as is creating balance and harmony within their complexities. To identify and analyze the smart city actors in Tehran and to assess their effectiveness, one of the methods of conducting this study was to apply actor-network theory to the smart city in Tehran to develop a normative framework for the realization of harmony. A mixed methodology has also been utilized in this research, in addition to the theoretical framework of the actor-network serving as a conceptual framework for analyzing the social relations and interactions among activists in the smart city in Tehran, which provides the framework for identifying the network's complexity. The first step, using questionnaires and interviews, was to identify the main actors, their goals and importance, and their connections with other actors in the network. Then, ucinet6 software was used to explore the correlation indicators of the actor-network in Tehran. In this regard, measuring indicators and criteria of actor-network connection, including Betweenness Centrality, Centrality Degree, Closeness Centrality, and Proximity Prestige, have been used to determine the effectiveness and importance of each of the actors. In addition, the translation of actor-network theory has been applied to the analysis of constant transformation to show changes resulting from present and past social and material conditions. Therefore, the paper enables urban planners and designers to propose solutions to the transformation of smart cities based on understanding reality as a set of network connections. Finally, by providing a model of effective solutions in the realization of the Harmonious smart city in Tehran, the position of each of these actors can be stabilized, promoted, or redefined by identifying three levels of actors based on their level of influence

Today, cities are facing complex and interconnected challenges such as the increasing growth of urbanization and urban population, Imbalance in the age pyramid, lack of housing, inadequacy of urban infrastructure and services, environmental problems and polarization of economic growth. One of the new concepts to deal with the current challenges of cities in the field of urban planning is the development of a smart city which integrates physical and virtual capabilities together. The current research with a descriptive-analytical approach aims to determine the status of the eight regions of Kermanshah city in terms of benefiting from the dimensions and indicators of a smart city based on 5 dimensions of smart dynamics, smart people, smart life, smart environment and smart governance. Each of these dimensions also includes 6 items. From the total statistical population of the research, 384 people were considered as the sample size, separated by regions, and to analyze the findings, T-test, Anova, Tuky HSD post hoc test, and to draw maps of the spatial distribution of dimensions GIS has been used for indicators at the level of regions. The general results of the research indicate the relatively favorable situation of Kermanshah city in terms of benefiting from the dimensions and indicators of the smart city; But region 1, in terms of the total dimensions examined, with the first rank and the appropriate desirability status, is more compatible with the indicators of the smart city. in return, regions 2 and 5 in the last ranks and low - unfavorability status are far from smart city indicators; Therefore, in a prioritization, they are introduced as deprived areas in terms of smart city indicators and dimensions for development.