مدل خودهمبسته با وقفه های توزیعی(ARDL)

According to economic views, money can have nominal and real effects on economic variables. Meanwhile, changes in the monetary base in the economy can be considered a function of the changes in the central bank's financial assets. Central banks in countries are responsible for issuing banknotes. This bank uses foreign exchange reserves, gold reserves, claims from the government and claims from banks as a basis for issuing banknotes. The debt of the central bank is also the bills and securities in the hands of the people, the legal, additional and precautionary reserves of commercial banks. The main purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between monetary base components and production and inflation in Iran's economy. In this regard, using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) in the time periods of 1989-2022, the relationship between the variables was estimated. The obtained results showed that the variable effect of commercial banks' debt to the central bank on production and inflation is 0.33 and 0.62, respectively, and the net effect of public sector debt to the central bank on production and inflation is 42, respectively. 0.0 and 0.57. Considering the results obtained and the importance of paying attention to the contribution of each component of the monetary base on inflation and production in the country, the central bank should pay more attention to changing the share of the components of the monetary base and be disciplined in the growth of the sectors that have a high contribution to the country's inflation.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of bank credit on the labor market structure. The most important variables used in this study were rural to urban employment ratio, private sector employment to government employment, total employment rate, bank credit, liquidity, facility rate, inflation rate, wage rate, population growth, oil revenues, government spending. , The number of university graduates and the number of high school graduates. In order to test the relationship between the variables, the self-correlation model with distribution interrupts (ARDL) was used for the period 1396-1338. Based on the estimates, it was observed that bank credits had a positive and significant effect on the variables of the number of rural and urban employees, private and public sector employees, the employment ratio of total employment and total employment volume, and this confirmed this. Bank credit, in other words, monetary policy, has affected the structure of the labor market in Iran. In addition, it was observed that bank credits had an impact intensity of 0.69 and 0.65 on the variable employment volume, respectively, and this confirmed that bank credits, in other words, monetary policy, had an effect on employment volume.

This paper aims to study the relationship between intellectual property and patent protection and economic growth in Iran using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique during 1979 – 2010. This model is based on economic growth models in 1990s. The number of patents is used to measure the impact of patents on economic growth. Moreover، we investigate the casual relationships among economic growth، degree of economic openness، foreign direct investment، information and communication technology (ICT) and human development. The results indicate that patent protection has a positive and significant impact on economic growth. Furthermore، the casual relationships from degree of economic openness، foreign direct investment، ICT and human development to economic growth are positively significant. Based on numerical results، one-unit increases in ICT، HDI، patents، government expenditure and oil revenues lead to 0. 10، 0. 12، 0. 10، 0. 39 and 0. 21 percent increase in economic growth respectively. Hence، we conclude that the higher intellectual property and patent protection results in high economic growth.