macro level

Circular economy as a new non-linear view in the fields of production and consumption. The macro- level includes policies and decisions related to it.it is the gathering place of all procedures and processes at the micro and meso levels. research, using the method of Meta-Synthesis, fuzzy Delphi & fuzzy Cognitive Maps, identify the effective components and measures at the macro- level and how the causal relationships between them are. the articles related to the circular economy from 2015 to 2020 have been used as criteria. 104 articles were studied from Web of Science and Scopus. In order to evaluate the agreement between codings, Kappa test were used. The effective components and measures were drawn in four categories of macro policies, measures, infrastructures and culture and awareness, categorization and integrative fuzzy cognitive maps of experts. The credit weight of the effect in the integrated fuzzy cognitive maps shows the efficient management of natural and environmental resources, providing training to customers and companies, formulating policies and supporting incentives and activating the markets of second-hand and recycled products. They are the most important.

In general, studies in the field of entrepreneurship show the strategies of entrepreneurial activities mainly by focusing on the category of opportunity and competitive advantage. For this reason, the dominant thinking in the entrepreneurial literature is entrepreneurial opportunity and the essence of strategic entrepreneurship is entrepreneurial opportunities it show. investigating approach for the development of sports entrepreneurship opportunities in a macro level.

The present study is a mixed method with semi-structured interviews to reach theoretical saturation and consensus in the qualitative section: 40 academic experts in entrepreneurship and sports management participated with purposive theoretical sampling. In the quantitative section: 164 sports entrepreneurs and postgraduate students of sports management were selected by random sampling. The research tools were semi-structured interviews and researcher-made interviews to determine the categories and model fit. Data analysis was performed using the partial least squares method with the analysis of variance-based statistical software "Smart PLS (3).

The model at the macro level: with 5 categories (economic, social, legal, political and cultural), respectively, were identified and ranked and the relationship between categories with the macro level structure is positive and significant (T ≤ 2.58) and the model (GOF = 0.727) was evaluated as strong.

Based on the interview conducted in the qualitative section, strategies for developing entrepreneurial opportunities with a macro-level approach have been reported in five categories: economic, social, legal, political and cultural.

One of the most important challenges that managers face today is decision making and policy in the field of advertising. The field of policy-making is very important as it affects the decisions of most policy makers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide a model of tourism advertising policy by emphasizing the role of public organizations. The subject of this research is the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research approach has been mixedmethod. In the qualitative part, the grounded theory method of the foundation is used. In the quantitative part, the structural equation modeling approach using smart-PLS software has been used for data analysis. Finally, macro-level advertising policy-making was categorized based on the concepts obtained in the form of 7 dimensions of targeting, resources and tools, administrative factors, policy-making players, environmental conditions, executive personality and executive skills. Findings from the quantitative part of the research were performed by GOF test, which confirmed the extraction model.

Behavioral public administration movement is a new endeavor in the evolutionary process of public administration knowledge that can open new horizons for public administration researchers and students. With an emphasis on the "micro" level, behavioral studies can reveal the potential neglect of public administration researchers and theorists and move them from an over-focus on the macro level (socio-political and civic approaches) to a balanced focus between micro, macro and even "middle" levels. Major scientific developments and the emergence of new knowledge in the twentieth century have been the result of interdisciplinary approaches that overlap of different fields has led to the birth of new sciences. Behavioral public administration, as an interdisciplinary field of science, has also been the product of such a transformation. Behavioral public administration is an endeavor for more, deeper and systematic entry of theories of psychology and behavioral science to public administration studies to overcome the current bottlenecks caused by stopping at the macro level. The article was conducted using an analytical, reasoning and theoretical review method and seeks to open a different horizon and perspective in the field of public administration knowledge in particular and social sciences in general.