جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Proline » در نشریات گروه « علوم پایه »

In order to evaluate the effects of irrigation regims and nitrogen biological and chemical fertilizers on grain yield (paddy) and some physiological traits, an experiment was conducted in the form of split split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two years ( 2017 and 2018). It was carried out in a research farm of the National Rice Research Institute of I. R. Iran in Rasht. Experimental factors include irrigation regime at three levels without stress (permanent flooding) and irrigation intervals of 10 days and 15 days as the main factor, fertilizer at three levels including inoculation of seedlings with biofertilizer, inoculation of seedlings with biofertilizer + 50% fertilizer Chemical nitrogen required by the plant and 100% chemical nitrogen fertilizer required by the plant) as a secondary agent and rice cultivar at two levels including Hashemi and Gilaneh as a secondary agent. The highest grain yield in the first year (4.14 t/ha) and the second (3.99 t/ha) was recorded in the treatment of 100% of the chemical fertilizer supplying the plant with nitrogen requirements, flooding conditions and Gilaneh cultivar, which was treated with inoculation Transplant roots with biofertilizer + 50% of chemical fertilizer supplying nitrogen required by the plant (combined treatment) in the first year (3.93 t/ha) and the second (3.85 t/ha) were in a statistical group. Consumption of biofertilizer along with chemical nitrogen fertilizers, in addition to producing sufficient yield and improving the efficiency of nitrogen uptake, was able to reduce the use of nitrogen chemical fertilizers by 50%.

Heavy metals are part of the most important and dangerous environmental pollutants due to their long shelf life, non-degradability by soil microorganisms, and high potential for absorption by plants and entering the food chain. Cadmium is one of the toxic metals for organisms such as plants. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of cadmium on the ability of the common daisy plant. In this research, the effect of different amounts of cadmium (0, 10, 20 and 30 mgl-1) had done in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The results showed that the increase of the cadmium hadn’t any significant effect on common daisy plant fresh weight and length. Also, plant dry weight, shoot total chlorophyll, shoot and root carotenoids contents, total protein contents, plant translocation factor and bioaccumulation factor decreased with the increase of cadmium concentration, significantly. While shoot and root proline, and cadmium contents and catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activity increased, significantly. According to this research, the common daisy isn’t suitable for planting in studied cadmium concentrations.

Salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses, the increasing spread of which reduces the growth and yield of agricultural plants, in this regard, identifying sugar beet cultivars tolerant to salinity stress to improve quantitative and qualitative yield is of particular importance. For this purpose, research was conducted to investigate the physiological characteristics of some sugar beet genotypes under salt stress in 2019. This experiment was carried out factorially in the form of randomized complete blocks with three replications in Mohaghegh Ardabili University under greenhouse conditions. The experimental factors included different genotypes of sugar beet (9 genotypes) as the first factor and salinity stress as the second factor at four levels (control and 4, 8 and 12 dS/m). The results showed that the effects of salinity stress on chlorophyll content, soluble protein, proline content, soluble sugars and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) of different sugar beet cultivars were significant. Higher levels of salinity stress (12 dS/m) caused a significant increase in soluble protein, proline content, soluble sugars and activity of catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes compared to other levels of salinity stress and the control treatment. Whereas, the highest content of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll was observed in cultivars number 15 and 4 in the treatment of not applying salt stress. Among the studied genotypes, genotypes No. 6, 15 and 20 had the highest activity of antioxidant enzymes under the condition of 12 dS/m salinity stress. Therefore, at higher levels of salinity stress, resistant sugar beet cultivars prevent the reduction of photosynthetic pigment content by improving the content of compatible osmolytes and antioxidant activities through correct membrane structure.

In order to evaluate the inoculation of mycorrhizal and growth-promoting bacteria (Pseudomonas genus) on the tolerance of European borage to cadmium toxicity, a factorial experiment was performed in the form of a completely randomized design with 3 replications in the research greenhouse of the Agriculture Faculty of Yasouj University in 2019. The experimental factors include the application of biological fertilizer at 4 levels (control, application of mycorrhiza, application of growth-stimulating bacteria and combined application of mycorrhiza and bacteria) and 4 levels of cadmium concentration (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg cadmium per kg soil). The investigated traits were included root colonization percentage, plant cadmium content, some physiological characteristics and shoot dry weight of European borage. The results showed that with the increase in cadmium concentration, electrolyte leakage, proline content and cadmium content of aerial organs increased. The use of mycorrhiza and bacteria was evaluated positively compared to their non-use, so that in all four levels of cadmium, the highest proline, chlorophyll and relative water content, as well as the lowest electrolyte leakage and shoot cadmium concentration, were obtained from the combined two biofertilizers. Application of biofertilizer increased the dry weight of the aerial parts of inoculated plants compared to the control. The results showed that in the presence of 25 and 50 mg/kg of cadmium, the combined application of bio-fertilizers reduced 21% and 17% of cadmium transfer from roots to shoots of borage. Therefore, it is recommended to use biological fertilizers in areas contaminated with cadmium.

In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of different levels of ethanol and methanol on the biochemical characteristics of Digitalis purpurea L., an experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications at the University of Zanjan research greenhouse. The treatments consisted of two levels of ethanol (5 and 10%) and methanol (5 and 10%), along with a control treatment (distilled water). The results showed that the maximum amount of total chlorophyll (1.78 mg/g), total carotenoid (0.10 mg/g), total phenol (15.35 mg/g), total flavonoid (58. 2 mg/g) and antioxidant activity (43.76%) were obtained under a 10% methanol treatment. The highest amounts of proline (4.47 mg), soluble sugar (76.20 mg/g), relative water content (76.02%) and leaf nitrogen (1.61%) were observed under a 10% ethanol treatment. The ion leakage index (15.21%) with foliar application of 10% ethanol and catalase enzyme (1.66 mg/g protein) and peroxidase enzyme (0.34 mg/g protein) activity showed a decrease with foliar application of 10% methanol. According to the results, the application of different levels of hydroalcohols improved the biochemical properties of Digitalis purpurea L.

In this research, the effect of foliar spraying of brassinosteroid (0, 0.077 and 0.384 mg/liter) on grain yield and some physiological characteristics of wheat (Sirvan cultivar) under drought stress conditions (100% control) and 50% F.C.) was investigated in a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete design with four replications at the research greenhouse of the Agriculture faculty, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman on 2016. The results showed that drought stress caused a significant reduction in the biomass, yield and yield components of wheat and the decrease of these traits compared to the control was 31.7%, 29.6% and 20.3% respectively. On the other hand, brassinosteroid foliar spraying caused a significant increment of biomass, yield and yield components by approximately 22.7%, 22.4% and 12.5%, respectively, compared to the plants which were treated with distilled water under stress conditions. Drought stress had a significant effect on increasing of antioxidant enzymes activity (peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase) and the concentration of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, as well as the accumulation of carbohydrates and proline in wheat leaves. Spraying of brassinosteroid in both stress and non-stress conditions increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and osmolytes accumulation (protein, carbohydrate and proline) and conversely reduced the amount of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, and this effect was more noticeable under drought stress condition. It seems that the effect of brassinosteroid application on modulating drought stress and improving wheat yield can be related to enhancement of osmotic regulation (through the accumulation of osmolytes) and increasing the activity of the antioxidant defense system mechanism in wheat.

Over the past few decades, human industrial activities have significantly reduced the blocking effect of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. As a consequence, there has been an increase in the penetration of ultraviolet (UV) radiation to the Earth's surface. This amplified exposure to UV rays poses a serious threat to living organisms, particularly plants. In our study, we investigated the impact of UV-A and UV-B radiation on some morpho-physiological traits as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. UV radiation treatments were applied at three levels: control (no UV radiation), UV-A radiation, and UV-B radiation. The UV radiation was administered using broadband lamps manufactured by Q-Lab in the USA. These 40-watt lamps were employed for a duration of four hours per day. Our findings reveal that exposure to UV-B radiation resulted in a decrease in leaf dry weight, plant height, and the levels of chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll by 29.57%, 13.44%, 17.7%, 33.77%, and 22.51%, respectively, compared to the control. Conversely, UV-B radiation led to an increase in the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as carotenoids, phenols, and total flavonoids. Additionally, the activity of enzymatic antioxidants, including peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes, as well as the levels of proline and malondialdehyde, exhibited significant increases of 23.45%, 37.54%, 41.59%, 82.75%, 412.5%, 100%, 87.5%, and 359.32%, respectively, compared to the control. Regarding UV-A treatment, the levels of chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll decreased. However, there was an increase in the levels of malondialdehyde, proline, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase and peroxidase. Overall, the rosemary plants exposed to UV-B radiation exhibited higher quality in terms of medicinal and biological properties due to the increased presence of UV-absorbing compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids. However, it is worth noting that the yield of the plant decreased under UV-B treatment.

St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is a medicinal plant that is more than 2000 years old. Drought stress is one of the most limiting environmental factors in the growth and production of plants. Plant symbiosis with mycorrhiza fungi and foliar spraying of essential elements can be one of the most effective solutions to deal with drought stress. This research also aims to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus and zinc sulfate foliar spraying on some biochemical traits and economic yield in St. John's wort under different irrigation regimes in a split factorial experiment with a basic randomized complete block design in three repetitions carried out during the three cropping years of 2018, 2019 and 2020. The main factor is irrigation regimes at three levels (100, 75 and 50% of irrigation needs); sub-factors were ZnSO4 foliar spraying at three levels (0, 3 and 6 per thousand) and inoculation with an AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) at two levels (inoculated and uninoculated). The results showed that the triple interaction of irrigation regimes + foliar spraying + mycorrhiza in all three years had a significant effect on chlorophyll content, proline, soluble sugars, malondialdehyde and economic yield. Increasing irrigation stress had a reducing effect on chlorophyll content, economic yield, and the relative water content of leaves, but on proline, soluble sugars and malondialdehyde had an increasing effect. At each stress level, the highest economic yield was obtained in the treatment of 6 per thousand foliar spraying + inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. Generally, foliar spraying of zinc sulfate + mycorrhiza increased the content of chlorophyll, sugar solvents and the relative water content of the leaf, caused the adjustment of the stress conditions and increased the resistance of the plant against drought, and by improving the quantitative and qualitative biochemical traits, it increased the economic yield of the St. John's wort plant.

In this study, the effects of drought stress and paclobutrazol on Anethum graveolans L. were investigated. The experiment was carried out as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in a greenhouse. Some growth and biochemical characteristics of dill under drought stress (irrigation-based) at three levels (30%, 50% and 70% field capacity) and paclobutrazol at two concentrations (20 and 40 mg/L) were investigated. Drought stress caused a significant reduction in the fresh and dry weight and length of both stem and root, as well as the contents of photosynthetic pigments and proteins, whereas this stress induced reduced sugar and proline content and catalase activity. Although fresh and dry weight and length of stem decreased in plants treated with paclobutrazol, paclobutrazol treatment significantly increased the root growth parameters and the contents of pigments and proteins in relation to drought stress and paclobutrazol treatment. In plants treated with paclobutrazol, the content of sugars, proline and catalase activity were significantly higher compared to non-treated plants and controls (P≤0/05). Moreover, the patterns of protein expression were different. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a protein with a molecular weight of 11 KD under severe stress conditions and treatment with 40 mg/L paclobutrazol. This protein probably has a major role in dill resistance to drought and the stress amelioration effect of paclobutrazol.

Water and soil salinity are one of the serious and developing problems in the world, and a large area of the country's land is also facing this problem. The use of fungal microorganisms in reducing environmental stress such as salinity has become a global solution. In order to evaluate the effect of fungal elicitors on the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments and the amount of proline under salinity stress conditions of Otamaran date palm seedlings, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with 3 levels of salinity and 3 levels of biological elicitors in the horticultural science laboratory. became. The effect of elicitors at 3 levels of fungal consortium (bioactive) (BFC), fungal elicitor with 1000 PPM concentration (EL1), fungal elicitor with 2000 PPM concentration (EL2), the second factor of salinity at three levels (zero, 150 and 300 mM) was evaluated. The results showed that at 300 mM salinity, EL1 mushroom elicitor was able to increase proline compared to other salinity levels. EL2 mushroom elicitor showed more chlorophyll a and total at 300 mM salinity level, and at 150 mM salinity level, the live fungus consortium caused more chlorophyll a. The use of elicitor can be effective in reducing the effects of salinity stress in dates, but the level of stress can determine the effect of each elicitor.

Basil is a medicinal plant as well as a vegetable, and its economic importance is due to its use in health and pharmaceutical industries. Also, moisture stress (water scarcity) is one of the environmental factors leading to a decrease in the yield of any plant. In this study, the effect of moisture stress on the morphological and physiological traits of basil medicinal plant was evaluated as a split plot experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the greenhouse. The results of variance analysis showed a significant difference at the probability level of 1% for the moisture stress effect as well as the genotype effect. The moisture stress × genotype interaction effect was significant for all traits, which means that the genotypes have shown different reactions under moisture stress. The moisture stress caused a significant decrease in most traits while it increased leaf proline. The highest accumulation of proline with an average of 0.0041 mg per gram of fresh weight was related to the Red Rubins basil variety under no-stress conditions and then the Iranian green basil variety with an average of 0.0029 mg per gram of fresh weight under medium moisture stress conditions. The maximum amount of growth characteristics (leaf length, number of leaves, leaf yield and shoot weight) was related to Iranian purple basil cultivar under without moisture stress conditions. Also, the genotype of Iranian green basil can be further investigated in future breeding programs due to its greater tolerance to moisture stress conditions.

Water stress is one of the most important environmental factors limiting the growth and yield of plants, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Bio-stimulants are biological substances that stimulate metabolism and metabolic processes to increase plant efficiency. To investigate the effects of low water stress and bio-stimulants of Fosnutren and Humiforte on some morphophysiological and phytochemical traits of thyme, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 12 treatments and 3 replications in 2020 performed in greenhouse conditions. Therefore, the seedlings obtained from seed cultivation after two weeks of transfer to the pot, were exposed to dehydration stress treatments (25, 50, 75 and 100% of field capacity). Foliar application of plants with Fosnutren and Humiforte (5 ml) was performed three times and once every 15 days. The desired traits were evaluated 15 days after the last treatments. The results showed that increasing the levels of low water stress (25 and 50% of field capacity) caused a significant decrease in growth indices, chlorophyll content, total antioxidant percentage and essential oils and increase in proline content. Simultaneous treatment of drought and bio-stimulants of Fosnutren and humiforte with significantly reduced oxidative stress due to dehydration improved the evaluated traits except the amount of proline. The highest percentage of essential oil (2.34%) in Fosnutren foliar spraying and was obtained at 75% field capacity. In general, foliar application of Fosnutren and Humiforte reduced the negative effects of dehydration in thyme.

This study was conducted in order to investigate the efficiency of antioxidant systems of cotton mutant genotypes under irrigation water salinity conditions in the form of split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included irrigation with salinities of 4 (control), 8 and 12 ds.m-1 as main plots and two or three Shayan genotypes, mutant LM1673 and LM-1303 as sub-plots. The results showed that salinity increased the amount of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in cotton cultivars, and then the amount of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants also increased. The increase in the production of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in salinity of 12 decisiemens/m decreased the chlorophyll index, especially in sensitive cultivars. Also, the results showed that the highest amount of nonenzymatic antioxidants such as proline, ascorbic acid, phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin was obtained in the irrigation conditions with salt water with a salinity of 12 ds.m-1 . The highest level of catalase enzyme activity was in LM-1303 cultivar and at the salinity level of 12 ds.m-1 . The highest level of activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase enzymes was obtained in the salinity treatment of 8 ds.m-1 . Based on the results, it was found that the variety LM-1303 has the most sensitivity to salinity stress, and in irrigation water salinity, due to the increase in lipid peroxidation caused by the production of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, the amount of nonenzymatic antioxidants and the amount of activity of enzymatic antioxidants for overcoming oxidative stress increases