linear programming
در نشریات گروه فنی و مهندسی-
A method for designing suboptimal control for a class of delayed fractional systems is proposed in this paper. Despite theoretical advances in fractional mathematics and computational techniques for solving fractional optimal control (FOC) problems, as well as a lack of comprehensive analytical methods, numerical methods have been developed. For this purpose, in this study, the necessary optimal conditions for the time-delay fractional optimal control (TDFOC) problem are presented first; Then an algorithm for the numerical solution to this problem is suggested. This algorithm is based on a fractional derivative approximation and linear interpolation for delayed arguments. According to this method, the TDFOC problem is transformed into a system of algebraic equations that can be solved numerically. The proposed method's efficiency is assessed by solving several numerical examples.
Keywords: Fractional Optimal Control, Delay System, Linear Programming, Caputo Derivative, Grünwald–Letnikov Approximation -
اجزا متحرک شکل پذیر رویکردی جدید و کارا در بهینه یابی توپولوژی سازه ها می باشد. این روش نسبت به سایر روش های بهینه یابی توپولوژی مانند روش های مبتنی بر چگالی و همچنین روش های مبتنی بر سطح تراز مزیت هایی دارد. از جمله ی این مزیت ها، تعداد کمتر متغیرهای طراحی و تعریف مرزهای سازه ی بهینه به صورت صریح می باشد. با این حال توپولوژی نهایی به دست آمده از این روش، عموما وابستگی زیادی به چیدمان و شکل اولیه ی اجزا دارد. از طرف دیگر، روش بهینه یابی طرح مبتنی بر تحلیل پلاستیک، با استفاده از برنامه ریزی خطی، طرح بهینه ی کلی را در زمان کمی به دست می آورد. طرح به دست آمده تنها شامل مساحت اعضا می شود و جزئیاتی مانند توپولوژی سازه در محل اتصال المان ها را شامل نمی شود. می توان نشان داد که طرح بهینه ی به دست آمده از روش بهینه یابی طرح با تحلیل پلاستیک، معادل طرح بهینه ی به دست آمده از بیشینه کردن سختی در تحلیل الاستیک است. با استفاده از این ایده، تحقیق حاضر به ارائه ی روشی دو مرحله ای برای استفاده از مزایا و جبران کمبودهای این دو روش می پردازد. برای این منظور در مرحله ی اول، از بهینه یابی طرح با تابع هدف و قیود خطی استفاده می شود و جواب بهینه ی کلی در زمان کوتاهی به دست می آید. سپس جواب به دست آمده به عنوان نقطه ی شروع به رویکرد اجزا متحرک شکل پذیر داده می شود تا با بهینه کردن شکل و موقعیت اجزا، طرح نهایی بهینه به دست آید. در این مطالعه، سه مسئله نمونه با استفاده از رویکرد معمول اجزا متحرک شکل پذیر و رویکرد دو مرحله ای پیشنهادی حل و نتایج مقایسه شده اند. در مسئله اول، مقدار تابع هدف از129/6 نیوتن متر در رویکرد معمول به 128/8 نیوتن متر در رویکرد پیشنهادی کاهش یافته و زمان بهینه یابی نیز از 986 ثانیه به 589 ثانیه رسیده است. در مسئله دوم، مقدار تابع هدف از 237/8 نیوتن متر به211/0 نیوتن متر کاهش یافته و زمان حل از 3482 ثانیه به 587 ثانیه کاهش پیدا کرده است. در مسئله سوم نیز مقدار تابع هدف از 172/2 نیوتن متر به 155/0 نیوتن متر بهبود یافته و زمان حل نیز از 1937 ثانیه به تنها 32 ثانیه کاهش یافته است. همانطور که مشاهده می شود، نتایج به دست آمده نشان دهنده ی سرعت بالای این روش و همچنین توپولوژی های بهینه تر نسبت به رویکرد معمول اجزا متحرک شکل پذیر می باشد.کلید واژگان: بهینه یابی توپولوژی، بهینه یابی طرح، برنامه ریزی خطی، اجزا متحرک شکل پذیر، ساخت افزودنیMoving morphable components (MMC) is a relatively new and effective approach in structural topology optimization. In comparison with other common methods in topology optimization such as density-based methods and level-set-based methods, it requires fewer design variables, and the boundary of the structure is defined explicitly. However, the obtained topology is highly dependent on the initial shape and position of the components. On the other hand, plastic layout optimization utilizes linear programming to find the global optimum of the structural optimization problem. Assuming rigid plastic behavior for material, the optimum layout can be obtained quickly and accurately. The optimum layout gives only the area of members which is constant along the members, therefore, there is no detail about the connection between members. Hence, the obtained optimum layout cannot be used directly for manufacturing methods such as additive manufacturing. It can be shown that the minimum compliance optimization problem for a single load case is equivalent to a minimum-weight plastic layout optimization formulation. This study utilizes the idea and presents a two-step method to take advantage of and compensate for the shortcomings of these two methods in the topology optimization of 2D structures. To this end, in the first step, the optimum layout is obtained using linear formulation in layout optimization and then, the obtained layout is utilized as an initial point in the MMC approach. The results show the efficiency, accuracy, and high convergence rate of the proposed method.Keywords: Topology Optimization, Layout Optimization, Linear Programming, Moving Morphable Components, Additive Manufacturing
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با افزایش بلندمرتبه سازی در پروژه های ساختمانی، استفاده از بالابرها برای جابجایی عمودی مصالح و نیروی انسانی اهمیت بیشتری یافته است. پژوهش های بسیاری در زمینه ی کاهش زمان سفر بالابرها در طبقات، طراحی بهینه ی سیستم های بالابری، بهینه سازی مسیر حرکت بالابر، و تعیین ترتیب سفر به طبقات، مدیریت مصرف انرژی آسانسورها، و نحوه ی زون بندی طبقات انجام شده است. اما، تاکنون بهینه سازی محل نصب و تعداد بالابرها بررسی نشده است. در نوشتار حاضر، یک مدل عدد صحیح خطی برای تعیین بهینه ی تعداد و مکان نصب بالابرها با درنظرگرفتن هزینه های نصب، اجاره، و عملیات بالابرها پیشنهاد شده است. تعداد بالابرهای استفاده شده می تواند در تعداد روزهای کاری پروژه تاثیر بگذارد و در نتیجه، تعداد روزهای کاری و تعداد بالابر به صورت هم زمان بهینه سازی می شود. مدل پیشنهادی با استفاده از یک پروژه ی مسکونی 20 طبقه آزمایش شده و نتایج نشان داده است که استفاده از مدل پیشنهادی می تواند منجر به کاهش هزینه ها و تعداد روزهای کاری پروژه شود.کلید واژگان: بالابر ساختمانی، ساخت و ساز، بهینه سازی، مدل سازی، مکانیابیVertical transportation technology is essential for constructing tall and medium-rise buildings. Although lifts are a functional component of buildings, their vital nature depends on the continuous and uninterrupted use of lifts in each tall building. Therefore, using lifts for vertical transportation of materials and human resources has gained greater importance. Extensive research has been conducted on reducing lift travel time between floors, optimizing lift systems design, optimizing lift movement paths, determining the sequence of floor travel, managing lift energy consumption, and floor zoning. However, the optimization of lift installation locations and quantities has not been examined so far. The use of lifts in construction projects incurs multiple costs, including rental or purchase costs, energy consumption during vertical transportation of materials, and operator salaries. One of the main solutions to reduce these costs is to minimize the duration of lift usage, which, by delivering the required materials on time, can also reduce the project's execution time. The installation costs of lifts may also vary at different candidate points due to factors such as weight and dimensional capacity, electricity consumption, the number of visits for monthly or annual maintenance and repair, and lift operator salaries. Additionally, some candidate points may have advantages over other points in terms of the amount of horizontal movement of materials on building floors. These distinctive features present challenges in selecting the optimal installation point. In this article, an integer linear programming model has been proposed to determine the optimal number and location of lift installations. The number of lifts used can affect the number of project working days, and as a result, the optimization is performed simultaneously for the number of working days and the number of lifts. The goal of this optimization model is to minimize the duration of lift usage and the associated costs. Additionally, using this model, the number of project working days is obtained with a balanced distribution of lift activities. The effectiveness of the proposed model was tested in a case study to evaluate its effectiveness. The case study involved a 20-story building located in the city of Mashhad, which requires determining the number and location of lifts during the workshop preparation phase. Using this model can lead to cost reduction and a decrease in the number of project working days.Keywords: Construction Lift, High-Rise Construction, Optimization, Linear Programming, Positioning
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The field of application is Iraqi Light Industries Company, the best items that must be preserved were chosen to maximize profit at low cost, and also we are trying to get one of the direct and effective methods that contain some arithmetic operations to obtain the optimal real values. First, the paper will describe the data and create the mathematical model for the Multi-Objective Fuzzy Linear Programming Problem (MOFLFPP) relevant to the study problem. In light of production process restrictions that may limit the company's ability to provide products in the right quantity and time, the second section focuses on solving the model and finding the optimal solution, which is the production mix that maximizes profits at the lowest cost. A MOFLFPP is transformed into a Linear Programming Problem (LPP) through the use of α-cut and Max-Min technique. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the strategy that we have proposed, a sample problem from real life has been used. Decision-makers will be better able to appreciate the value of the MOFLFPP if they are given the opportunity to discuss the practical challenge. A result analysis is also constructed for the purpose of determining whether or not our method is applicable, and how it compares to other ways. The strategy worked and yielded solid results from extreme point that provided an optimal answer.Keywords: Fuzzy Sets, Linear Programming, Linear Fractional Programming, Fuzzy Coefficients
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Journal of Optimization in Industrial Engineering, Volume:18 Issue: 1, Winter and Spring 2025, PP 151 -161
The objective of this manuscript is to introduce an innovative methodology for addressing multiple attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problems utilizing interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFS). The proposed approach solves the problem using a mathematical programming methodology. In the present investigation, a group decision-making problem characterized by IVIF multiple attributes is conceptualized as a linear programming model and resolved expeditiously. The models that are being proposed have been reformulated into two analogous linear programming (LP) models through the application of a variable transformation and the concept of aggregation operators. The obtained LP models are solvable by common approaches. The principal benefit of the suggested methodology is its facilitation of decision-makers (DM) in identifying an alternative that exhibits optimal performance, and the decision-making process does not rely on DM knowledge. Application of the proposed method is represented in a decision-making problem, and the results are compared with similar methods, proving the compatibility of the proposed method with previous ones. The solid and understandable logic with computational easiness are the main advantages of the proposed method.
Keywords: Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets, Multiple Attribute Group Decision-Making, Linear Programming, Aggregation Operator, Variable Transformation -
در این مقاله یک سیستم انرژی ترکیبی مستقل از شبکه برق سراسری شامل پنل های خورشیدی و باتری به عنوان سیستم ذخیره ساز،جهت تامین انرژی استفاده شده است .با توجه به هزینه های بالای اجزای سیستم، بهینه سازی با برنامه ریزی خطی با هدف کاهش هزینه های خالص سیستم و پوشش کامل تقاضای انرژی انجام شده است و مدل برای 2 شهر کرمان و مشهد پیاده سازی شده است نتایج نشان داد از آنجا که توان خروجی پنل فتوولتائیک وابسته به دما و شدت تابش خورشیدی است، در شرایط استفاده از اجزای یکسان و تقاضای برابر، پیاده سازی این سیستم در کرمان مقرون به صرفه تر است .تحلیل حساسیت سیستم مورد مطالعه انجام و اثر آن در نتایج مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.کلید واژگان: برنامه ریزی خطی، بهینه سازی، پنل فتوولتائیک، باتری، مدیریت انرژیIn this article, a combined energy system independent of the national power grid, including solar panels and batteries, is used as a storage system to provide energy. Due to the high costs of the system components, optimization with linear programming aims to reduce costs systems and complete coverage of energy demand has been done and the model has been implemented for 2 cities of Kerman and Mashhad. The results showed that since the output power of the photovoltaic panel is dependent on the temperature and intensity of solar radiation, under the conditions of using the same components and demand Equally, the implementation of this system in Kerman is more cost-effective. The sensitivity analysis of the studied system has been carried out and its effect has been examined in the results.Keywords: Linear Programming, Optimization, Photovoltaic Panel, Battery, Energy Management
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International Journal of Industrial Electronics, Control and Optimization, Volume:7 Issue: 3, Summer 2024, PP 187 -201In this article, the robust scheduling of the distribution network is presented considering electric vehicles, distributed generation, and energy storage, in which the energy management of the mentioned elements is considered, and also only one scenario is needed. The proposed deterministic problem is an optimization problem whose objective function is equal to minimizing energy cost. Also, the limitations of the problem are equal to the power flow equations of the network, the limitations of the technical indicators of the network such as the voltage of the buses and the passing power of the lines, the operation equations of electric vehicles, energy storages, and distributed generation. It is worth mentioning that the mentioned problem is non-linear. In the following, to achieve the global optimal point with a high solution speed, the linear model of the mentioned problem is presented with a very low calculation error. In this research, the uncertainty parameters of the problem are equal to active and reactive loads, energy prices, parameters of electric vehicles, and renewable productions. Finally, to simplify the decision-making of the distribution network operator, a robust model of the mentioned problem was presented. Finally, the proposed problem is applied to the IEEE standard 33-bus radial distribution network using GAMS optimization software, and then the capabilities of the proposed design are evaluated.Keywords: Distributed Generation, Electric Vehicles, Energy Storage System, Robust Optimization, Linear Programming
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Regression is a statistical technique used in finance, investment, and several other domains to assess the magnitude and precision of the association between a dependent variable (often represented as Y) and a set of other factors (referred to as independent variables). This work introduces a linear programming approach for constructing regression models for Neutrosophic data. To achieve this objective, we use the least absolute deviation approach to transform the regression issue into a linear programming problem. Ultimately, the efficacy of the suggested approach in resolving such problems has been shown via the presentation of a concrete illustration.
Keywords: Neutrosophic Fuzzy, Regression, Least Absolute, Linear Programming -
در مقاله حاضر یک روش جدید برای بهینه سازی توپولوژی خرپاها ارایه می شود. این روش از رابطه تعادل در فرمولبندی روش نرمی در تحلیل سازه ها استفاده می کند. با اعمال تغییراتی روی رابطه نیروهای داخلی و خارجی، فضایی برای بهینه سازی سازه های خرپایی بوجود آورده می شود که متکی بر محدودیت تنش و نیروی داخلی اعضاء است. در ابتدا با در نظر گرفتن قید تنش که بر مسیله اعمال می شود، بهینه سازی توپولوژی خرپا در قالب یک مسیله برنامه ریزی خطی (LP) به انجام می رسد. راه حل مسیله برنامه ریزی خطی ساده است و منجر به بهینه سراسری می شود.با اعمال محدودیت جابجایی بهینه سازی توپولوژی به یک مسیله بهینه سازی غیرخطی تبدیل می شود. برای تبدیل مسیله برنامه ریزی غیرخطی به یک مسیله برنامه ریزی خطی، از متغیرهای طراحی گسسته استفاده می شود و مسیله بهینه سازی توپولوژی به مسیله برنامه ریزی اعداد صحیح دودویی (صفر و یک) تبدیل می گردد. مثال های متعددی حل شده اند و با نمونه های منتشر شده در مقالات پیشین مقایسه گشته اند. با حل مسایل مطرح شده مشاهده می شود که روش ارایه شده در این تحقیق برای بهینه سازی توپولوژی خرپا منجر به نتایجی بهتر و در بعضی از موارد، مشابه نتایج تحقیقات قبلی اما با محاسبات کمتر می شود. با این وجود، ثابت شده است که نتایج بدست آمده در این مقاله بهینه سراسری هستند در حالی که روش های بکار رفته در تحقیقات پیشین نمی توانند بهینگی سراسری خود را اثبات کنند.کلید واژگان: بهینه سازی توپولوژی خرپا، برنامه ریزی خطی، قید تنش، قید جابجایی، برنامه ریزی اعداد صحیح صفر و یکIn this paper, a new method has been proposed for the topology optimization of trusses. The method takes advantage of the equation of equilibrium between internal and external forces in the flexibility method of structural analysis. The internal forces are written as the multiplication of cross-sections of members into their stresses. The stress constraints (i.e. limits on the stress values) are then imposed on the problem and eventually, the topology optimization of trusses ends up in a Linear Programming (LP) problem. The solution to the LP problem is straightforward and results in a global optimum. Accordingly, the outcome of our formulation is a global optimum.When the displacement constraints are included among the constraints, the truss topology optimization turns into a nonlinear optimization problem. To convert the problem to a linear programming problem, we used discrete design variables and converted the problem to a binary (zero-one) integer programming. Several examples were solved and compared to the published examples in the literature. It was observed that our method of truss topology optimization ends up with the same results as the previous research works, but with much less calculations. Nevertheless, our results are proved to be the global optimum, whereas the methods used in the literature cannot prove their global optimalityKeywords: Truss Topology Optimization, Linear Programming, Stress Constraints, Displacement Constraints, Binary (Zero-One) Integer Programming
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Journal of Optimization in Industrial Engineering, Volume:16 Issue: 35, Summer and Autumn 2023, PP 341 -350Biomass is a renewable energy source that is easy to find in agricultural countries and can be quickly implemented by co-combusting CFPP in an effort to reduce GHG emissions. However, the integrated optimization of the blending process involving different coal ranks and biomass synergizing has yet to be achieved in order to meet the quality requirements of a number of CFPPs. This study offers an optimization approach for synergizing blending biomass in several coal-fired power plants (CFPPs). The objective is to reduce fuel costs and carbon dioxide emissions by taking into account CFPP's fuel quality requirements as well as constraints on CFPP demand, source supply capacity, and transportation alternatives. The optimization model used is mixed integer linear programming (MILP), which leverages OR-Tools in Google Colab to provide optimal solutions for the allocation of coal and biomass, whereas in the mathematical model, the amount of biomass that can be mixed into coal is limited in the range of 5% to 10%. Case studies conducted on 17 sources of coal, 1 biomass production facility, 3 alternative transportation capacities, and 4 CFPPs show that blending biomass with coal can reduce fuel costs by 2.77% and carbon dioxide emissions by 9.99% when compared to business as usual. This model offers a practical solution to reduce costs while simultaneously tackling climate change in accordance with the objectives outlined in the Paris AgreementKeywords: biomass, blending optimization, carbon footprint, linear programming, OR tools
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در این مقاله یک مدل بهینه سازی دو سطحی برای مدیریت هماهنگ شبکه های توزیع و انتقال یکپارچه پیشنهاد شده است. مسیله مشارکت واحدها با قید امنیت در شبکه انتقال به عنوان مسیله سطح بالایی با هدف کاهش هزینه های بهره برداری، روشن/خاموش سازی و بی باری به همراه قطع بار به صورت یک مدل برنامه ریزی خطی عدد صحیح مرکب و مسیله بهره برداری بهینه در شبکه های توزیع مستقل با در نظر گرفتن منابع تجدیدپذیر و غیرتجدیدپذیر به همراه ایستگاه های شارژ خودروهای برقی به عنوان مسیله پایینی با هدف کاهش هزینه های خرید توان از شبکه بالادست و کاهش هزینه های قطع توان منابع و توان شارژ ایستگاه های شارژ خودروهای برقی به صورت یک مدل خطی در نظر گرفته شده است. برای حل مسیله دو سطحی پیشنهادی مدل سطح پایینی به صورت شرایط بهینگی کروش-کان-تاکر مدل سازی می شود. چندین شبکه مختلف برای صحت سنجی مدل و روش پیشنهادی در نظر گرفته شده است که نتایج به دست آمده از شبیه سازی کارآمدی مدل و روش پیشنهادی را در در نظر گرفتن بهره برداری هماهنگ شبکه های انتقال و توزیع هوشمند اثبات می کند. در پایان برای نشان دادن برتری روش پیشنهادی نسبت به دیگر الگوریتم های حل مدل های چندسطحی، روش پیشنهادی با الگوریتم های تجزیه مقایسه شده است که نتایج نشان از برتری روش پیشنهادی در مدت زمان اجرا و همگرایی سریع تر است.کلید واژگان: برنامه ریزی خطی، بهینه سازی، شبکه انتقال، شبکه توزیع، منابع تجدیدپذیرIn this paper, a bi-level optimization model is proposed for the coordinated management of integrated transmission and distribution networks. The problem of the security-constrained unit commitment as an upper-level problem to reduce operating costs, startup/shutdown costs, and no-load along with load shedding as a mixed integer linear programming model and the problem of optimal operation in independent distribution networks by considering renewable and non-renewable resources along with charging stations for electric vehicles as a lower-level problem to reduce the costs of purchasing power from the upstream network and reduce the costs of power outages. The resources and charging power of electric vehicle charging stations are considered a linear model. To solve the bi-level problem, the proposed lower-level model is modeled as Karush-Kahn-Tucker optimality conditions. Several different networks have been considered for validating the model and the proposed method, and the results obtained from the simulation prove the efficiency of the model and the proposed method in considering the coordinated operation of intelligent transmission and distribution networks. To show the superiority of the proposed method over other algorithms for solving multilevel models, the proposed method has been compared with decomposition algorithms, and the results show the superiority of the proposed method in terms of execution time and faster convergence.Keywords: Distribution network, linear programming, Optimization, Renewable Resources, transmission network
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In this study, in addition to assessing the conditions in the coastal region of Bandar Abbas, the feasibility of utilizing Archimedes torsional turbines for renewable energy production in this area was investigated through a combination of field measurements and numerical simulations. Field studies included the measurement of environmental conditions, depth, and vessel traffic. The determination of a safe depth was based on these measurements. Additionally, the current patterns were assessed in the field, measuring key parameters like salinity, electrical conductivity, and density. To further develop the results, a numerical simulation was conducted using the ROMS numerical model to establish the hydrodynamic current patterns in the target area. Upon reviewing the outcomes with the SOLVER program and employing linear programming methods, effective constraints derived from field monitoring were created. The study explored the optimal energy efficiency of Archimedes torsional turbines under different inclinations relative to the seabed and angular velocities. The research and simulations revealed that varying the tilt of the vertical axis of the turbine within the range of 5 to 15 degrees significantly impacted the turbine's efficiency. The highest efficiency, at 75 %, was achieved at a 15-degree angle with a turbine rotation speed of 150 rpm. This result is particularly notable, considering the low slope of the studied area.
Keywords: Archimedes Turbine, Linear Programming, Feasibility Study, Numerical Study, Tidal Waves -
نشریه مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست دانشگاه تبریز، سال پنجاه و سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 111، تابستان 1402)، صص 147 -156محاسبه حداکثر ظرفیت باربری پی با روش آنالیز حدی، حد بالای ظرفیت باربری دقیق پی را مشخص می کند. در این تحقیق ضریب چسبندگی Nc یک پی نواری واقع بر یک لایه ی منفرد خاک منتهی به سنگ بستر محاسبه شده است. بدین منظور از قضیه ی حد بالای آنالیز حدی ادغام شده با روش المان محدود استفاده شده است. رفتار خاک پلاستیک کامل فرض شده و معیار تسلیم در نظر گرفته شده مدل مور کولمب می باشد. بدین ترتیب با دو پارامتر چسبندگی و زاویه اصطکاک داخلی می توان توده خاک را توصیف نمود. البته در اینجا فرض شده که چسبندگی خاک در عمق ثابت نبوده و به صورت خطی افزایش می یابد و در نهایت ظرفیت باربری از یک فرایند بهینه سازی حاصل شده و بدین منظور از برنامه ریزی خطی استفاده می گردد. بدین ترتیب معیار مور کلمب در فضای تنش بایستی خطی-سازی شود. ضریب Nc به پارامترهای مختلفی ازجمله زاویه اصطکاک داخلی خاک (φ)، نسبت عمق لایه خاک به عرض پی (h/b) و فاکتور تغییر چسبندگی در عمق (ρ) بستگی دارد. به منظور تصدیق نتایج به دست آمده، جواب های حاصل در حالت چسبندگی ثابت با نتایج سایر محققین مقایسه شده است. تاثیر پارامترهای ذکرشده بر روی ضریب Nc در گراف های جداگانه رسم شده و در نهایت چارت های طراحی محاسبه شده موردبحث قرار گرفته است.کلید واژگان: ظرفیت باربری، آنالیز حدی، برنامه ریزی خطی، حد بالا، المان محدودJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Tabriz, Volume:53 Issue: 2, 2023, PP 147 -156Calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of a foundation by limit analysis allows determining the exact upper bound of bearing capacity of the foundation. In the present study, the cohesion coefficient (Nc) of a strip foundation on a single layer of soil overlaying bedrock was calculated. For this purpose, the upper bound of limit analysis combined with finite element method (FEM) was used. The soil behavior was assumed to be plastic and the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion was used which allows description of soil mass by two parameters of cohesion and internal friction angle. It was assumed that the soil cohesion is not constant with depth and rather increases linearly. Finally, the bearing capacity was obtained using an optimized procedure (i.e., linear programming). In this regard, the Mohr-Coulomb criterion should be linearized in a stress condition. The cohesion depends on different parameters such as friction angle (φ), the ratio of soil depth to foundation width (b/h), and the cohesion variation with depth (ρ). To validate the results, obtained constant cohesion values were compared with those obtained by other researchers. The effect of the parameters on N_c was separately plotted and the calculated design charts were discussed.Keywords: Limit analysis, Linear programming, Bearing capacity, Upper bound, Finite element
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International Journal of Supply and Operations Management, Volume:10 Issue: 3, Summer 2023, PP 396 -416Integrating the lot sizing and scheduling problems for improving capacity utilization in process industries is crucial. In order to deal with this problem realistically and to obtain applicable schedules, it is a prerequisite to consider the typical characteristics of the industry under consideration. From this point of view, in this study, the lot sizing and scheduling problem in cement grinding, a multi-product, multi-period optimization problem with non-identical parallel machines, is addressed by considering the unique and industry-specific characteristics of the process. Besides applicability, it is aimed to create schedules that minimize total costs, including inventory holding, production, electricity, and lost sales. A lot sizing and scheduling model (LSM) based on the General Lot Sizing Problem (GLSP) and a capacity control model (CCM) derived from LSM has been developed for the considered problem with these objectives. The proposed approach based on the cyclical running of LSM and CCM has been applied for one year using the real data of a firm operating in the cement industry. The performance of this approach has been evaluated by comparing it with the firm's realized performance during that year. As a result, the proposed approach has significantly reduced inventory holding costs by 47.51%, production during setups by 62.54%, production after setups by 1.49%, and electrical energy by 8.65%.Keywords: Cement grinding process, Linear programming, Lot sizing, Scheduling, Energy efficiency, General Lot Sizing Problem
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Journal of Optimization in Industrial Engineering, Volume:16 Issue: 34, Winter and Spring 2023, PP 39 -47With the global market's growing competition, the use of logistics services in Morocco has become an urgent necessity to optimize costs and improve service quality.To succeed in this strategy, guidelines are proposed for the accompaniment of contractors. One of the fundamental pillars of this strategy is based on the choice of an efficient partner, which we call a Logistics Services Provider (LSP).Indeed, the bibliography contains numerous decision-making methods, so decision-makers have faced the challenge of selecting the most relevant method.The main challenge is to always seek the effectiveness and sustainability of the relationship in a network of potential partners, often very complex. To this purpose, an eminent need to model this relationship linking the actors of this network is required.The study carried out involves modeling the problem of LSP selection and the assignment of the service to be outsourced to the appropriate LSP. The linear model developed takes into account both qualitative and quantitative criteria. The model developed aims to optimize the overall cost of selecting the suitable LSP.The resolution method chosen for this problem is the Branch and Bound method and the tool used for the coding of this linear program is CPLEX.Keywords: Contractors, Decision Making Methods, Mathematical modeling approach, linear programming, Linear model
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The paper presents a scheme to supply energy consumers by using a multicarrier energy system (MES). Each MES unit consists of electrical vehicles (EVs), and combined heat and power (CHP) units, which are called energy hubs (EHs) hereinafter. The objective function minimizes the cost of energy of the whole system while considering power flow equations in electricity, heat, and gas grids, where constraints include technical index limits of MESs, EVs, and CHPs. The model has been formed as a non-linear problem (NLP), in the following, the present study proposes a linear programming (LP) model as a substitute for equations of the NLP method so that the global optimal solution is found with a low computation error. Furthermore, the demand parameters, electricity price, and characteristics of EVs are uncertain. To model these uncertainties, we adopt the point estimate approach. The case study of this research considers electricity, gas, and heating grids simultaneously. The energy hubs relate all three grids to each other. The method is tested on a system through simulation using GAMS software. According to obtained numerical results, the suggested LP approach reaches an optimal point with reduced computation time and low error compared to the original formulations. As a result, the indices of different networks are improved using power management of the energy hubs.
Keywords: Combined heat, power systems, Electric vehicles, Linear programming, Multicarrier energy system, Point estimate method, Stochastic model -
امروزه با وجود ادواتی مثل منابع انرژی پراکنده فسیلی و تجدیدپذیر و منابع ذخیره انرژی که در سطح شبکه های توزیع بهره برداری می شود، مسیله بازآرایی بهینه را با چالش های اساسی روبه رو کرده است، لذا هر تغییری در توان این منابع می تواند نتیجه متفاوتی را در بازآرایی رقم زند. به همین ترتیب تغییرات بار در طول روز نیز می تواند منجر به نتایج متفاوتی در بازآرایی شود، لذا ارایه یک مدلی که به صورت پویا بار روزانه را در نظر گرفته و عدم قطعیت های موجود در منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر را مدل کند از ضرورت های اصلی مسیله بازآرایی می باشد که می بایست اپراتور سیستم توزیع در یک دوره 24 ساعته یا روزپیشرو در نظر بگیرد. در این مقاله یک مدل برنامه ریزی مخروطی مرتبه دوم عدد صحیح مختلط برای حل مسیله بازآرایی پویا تصادفی در شبکه های توزیع با منظور کردن منابع انرژی فسیلی و تجدیدپذیر، منابع ذخیره انرژی باتری، پارکینگ های خودروهای برقی و برنامه مدیریت سمت تقاضا با هدف کاهش هزینه قطع بار، کاهش هزینه تلفات، کاهش هزینه خرید انرژی و کاهش هزینه قطع توان منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر ارایه شده است. شبکه توزیع 33 باس با تعریف سناریوهای مختلفی برای تجزیه و تحلیل مدل پیشنهادی ارایه شده است، که نتایج بدست آمده کارآمدی مدل پیشنهادی را نشان می دهد.
کلید واژگان: بازآرایی، شبکه توزیع هوشمند، مدیریت سمت تقاضا، بهینه سازی، منابع تجدیدپذیر، سیستم ذخیره انرژیNowadays, with the use of devices such as fossil distributed generation and renewable energy resources and energy storage systems that are operated at the level of distribution networks, the problem of optimal reconfiguration has faced major challenges, so any change in the power of this resources can have different results in reconfiguration. Similarly, load changes during the day can lead to different results in reconfiguration, so it is necessary to provide a model that dynamically considers the daily load and models the uncertainties in renewable energy resources. The main issue is the reconfiguration that the distribution system operator must consider in the next 24 hours. This paper presents a mixed-integer second-order cone programming model to solve the problem of stochastic dynamic reconfiguration in distribution networks by including fossil and renewable energy resources, battery, electric vehicle parking lots, and demand-side management programs. The objective is to reduce the cost of load curtailment, reduce the cost of losses, reduce the cost of purchasing energy and reduce the cost of cutting off the power of renewable energy resources. The 33-bus distribution network is presented by defining different cases for the analysis of the proposed model, the results of which show the efficiency of the proposed model.
Keywords: Distribution network, transmission network, optimization, renewable resources, linear programming -
Journal of Quality Engineering and Production Optimization, Volume:7 Issue: 1, Winter-Spring 2022, PP 227 -243This study proposes a novel sustainable multi-objective agri-food supply chain in Mushroom industry due to the lack of economic, environmental, and social aspects that the prior studies neglected. The proposed study examines a four-echelon model including suppliers, intermediate manufacturers, final manufacturers and markets (plus secondary market). The model is also validated to provide insights into a relevant industry. The results indicated that investment in the oyster mushroom would lead to economic and social improvements. Moreover, investing in the button mushroom was observed to improve all three sustainability aspects. In the case of investing in the oyster and button mushroom, increasing the capacity of compost factories and sales price would lead to different results. Furthermore, the profitability of the supply chain was found to rise when waste is sold in the secondary market. Therefore, managers can adopt different strategies under different circumstances based on their priorities to raise supply chain profitability.Keywords: green supply chain, linear programming, Multi-objective programming, Sustainable agri-food supply chain, Uncertain product demand, yield
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Scientia Iranica, Volume:29 Issue: 4, Jul-Aug 2022, PP 2230 -2240Many applications of optimisation require the final value of the decision variables tobe integer. In many cases the relaxed optimal solution does not satisfy the integral-ity constraint therefore, the problem must be solved by integer or mix-integer pro-gramming algorithms at a significant computational effort and most likely a worsenobjective function value. The contribution of this paper is twofold: The identificationof a type of problems in which the relaxed optimal objective function value can bekept in the implementation by a change in the planning horizon; and the identifica-tion of a multi-period based solution procedure. Three small instances are providedin order to illustrate the methodology as well as the economic impact involved. Inaddition, a fourth industrial size case is included for the benefit of practitioners.This work shows that business profit can be increased for pseudo-continuous-integerperiodical linear problems by identifying optimal decision-making periods.Keywords: Business profit, Integer programming, Linear programming, operations management, operations planning
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عملیات باربری تشکیل دهنده سهم قابل توجهی از هزینه های عملیاتی استخراج در یک معدن روباز است؛ بنابراین، بهینه سازی زمان بندی کار کامیون ها، به عنوان اصلی ترین ماشین باربری، امری ضروری و تاثیرگذار در بهره وری عملیات استخراج است. بهینه سازی زمان بندی عملیات باربری به طور سنتی، در قالب دو مسئله بهینه سازی تخصیص و سپس گسیل کامیون ها تعریف می شود و تاکنون مدل ها و روش های مختلفی مبتنی بر تکنیک های شبیه سازی و مدل سازی ریاضی چندمرحله ای، برای بهینه سازی این دو مسئله ارایه شده است. لیکن با توجه به گسترش روزافزون سیستم های جمع آوری اطلاعات، ارتقا سیستم های محاسباتی و ضرورت تصمیم سازی برخط، وجود یک مدل ریاضی تک مرحله ای برای حل هم زمان این دو مسئله در یک سیستم یکپارچه و پویا، ضروری است. در این تحقیق، یک مدل ریاضی کارگاه گردش کاری، به عنوان ابزاری قدرتمند برای مدل سازی مسایل زمان بندی و بهینه سازی تخصیص و گسیل کامیون های معادن روباز توسعه داده شده است. این مدل برای یک مطالعه موردی کوچک مقیاس پیاده سازی شده است و نتایج آن موردبحث قرار گرفته است. نتایج نشان می دهد که این مدل ریاضی یک ابزار کارا برای بهینه سازی تخصیص و گسیل پویای کامیون ها است که می تواند منجر به افزایش توان تولیدی معدن شود.
کلید واژگان: مدل سازی ریاضی، برنامه ریزی خطی، CPLEX، کارگاه گردش کاری، باربری معادن روبازJournal of Aalytical and Numerical Methods in Mining Engineering, Volume:12 Issue: 30, 2022, PP 91 -101SummarySince a significant part of mine operating cost belongs to hauling operations, optimizing the allocation and scheduling of trucks in a dynamic system is essential and significantly affects production efficiency. So far, different models and methods have been proposed for optimizing haulage scheduling. In this paper, scheduling models have been reviewed, and a flow-shop model has been developed to optimize truck dispatching systems in open-pit mines. The proposed model has been implemented on a small-scale example, driven by a real-world case study, and results have been discussed. Numerical investigation demonstrates that this model is a powerful tool for optimizing truck scheduling and can result in an enhancement in the productivity of mining operations. The most crucial challenge that must be addressed in future work is the development of fast solution techniques to solve real-scale instances of the developed model.
IntroductionThe hauling operation is responsible for a significant portion of the operating cost in an open pit mine operation. Therefore, as the main hauling machine, trucks' optimum scheduling is crucial and can dramatically affect mine production productivity. Conventionally, assignment and dispatching of the trucks are defined as two main optimization problems in scheduling hauling operations. Simulation and stepwise mathematical programming have been proposed in the literature to solve these two problems. However, a dynamic and integrated optimization model is required to optimize hauling operations of the state-of-the-art revolution in data collection systems, computational capacity, and the necessity of real-time decision-making. Therefore, this study aims to develop an integrated and single-stage optimization model to optimize truck scheduling problems.
Methodology and ApproachesIn this study, the truck dispatching problem has been discussed, and a flow-shop scheduling model has been suggested as the best model to be considered for modeling open-pit hauling operations. In a flow shop problem, a set of jobs flow through several stages in the same machine order. The proposed flow shop model has been evaluated using an example from real case study data.
Results and ConclusionsThe results show that job scheduling models for truck optimization can optimize haulage scheduling and truck dispatching in open-pit mines. Using the developed flow shop model, it is possible to incorporate different mining KPI’s such as production time, production productivity, and fuel consumption. This model can also provide a prototype tool for real-time scheduling. Future work is on track to develop fast and reliable metaheuristic solution techniques for this problem's large-scale instances.
Keywords: Mathematical modeling, linear programming, Flow Shop, Open-Pit Hauling System, CPLEX
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