spatial patterns

Iranian architecture has been studied from different aspects. Shape Grammar is an analytical tool for studying the styles and history of architecture that has the ability to provide a common language and conceptual framework, a coherent and integrated form to study the geographical differences and evolution of Iranian architecture.In this research, the first step to compile this common grammar of Iranian architecture has been taken by compiling a grammar of a specific form related to the traditional houses of Kashan.

Out of 100 heritage houses, 19 samples were selected by random / judgmental sampling method. By analyzing the samples, minimal rules are presented.

The grammar presented in 4 steps produces the formal structure and the spatial relationships between the forms. A valid range of variables and an algebraic expression are presented. Also, with the help of grammar, the spaces in the samples have been typologized. In Kashan houses, the most important spaces, spaces with a width of 5, can be divided into 8 types based on the shape structure. In terms of spatial relationships between components, 6 specific types of relationships between the internal components of each of the previous form structures can be identified, which are described in the findings section.

The proposed grammar can be a coherent structure for the study of Iranian architecture. It can also be used as a suitable tool for typology. Provide the possibility of comparison as well as the relationship between different species and make the studies coherent.

The study of spatial relationships of environmental data is considered as one of the most important goals of spatial statistics to analyze spatial patterns and understand spatial dependencies. Attention to the lack of independence of observations and their interdependence in the studied space and direct use of space, environment, neighborhood, orientation and spatial relationships in the calculations has made this method superior to classical statistics. The location of building permits issued in 1398 in the municipality of Region 2 has been studied as the main data of this research. The type of license is classified into groups of construction, reconstruction, building development, license extension, land use change, minor and major repairs and license modification, and the total location of 697 issued building permits has been studied as raw data in the area of settlements. In order to analyze the spatial position patterns of the issued building permits, the neighborhood system of Shiraz city, which was prepared by the Deputy of Planning and Human Capital Development of Shiraz Municipality, was used and the municipal area of Region 2 was divided into 31 neighborhoods. As a result of this research, it was found that in some areas, data distribution as a whole has been more frequent and in some areas with less distribution. In the cluster analysis of the location of the butterflies in 1398, the P-value was very small and close to zero and the value of Z was calculated negatively and also the value of G statistic was zero, which indicates the pattern of normal distribution of butterflies in the neighborhoods.

Presently, teaching history of Iranian and world architecture in universities is meant to introduce architectural products of the past. The contents and teaching methods employed do not make a clear relationship with the architectural practice of students. Although most of the courses in architectural schools are properly coordinated for teaching "architectural design", but there are two serious disadvantages: one, lack of attention to the "programming" phase, and the other, not taking advantage of architecture history to analyze valuable examples designed and built in the past. Both affect the future career of students. The present paper seeks to find: a suitable purpose and method for teaching architectural history; the benefits of studying Iranian and world architectural history; and ways to learn from past architecture for current students. This study employs logical reasoning with an analytic-interpretive approach. The hypothesis is that in architecture, "method of construction" is that which is linked with history, and "method of design" or "how space is organized" is that which goes beyond time. Despite all efforts to distance from architectural heritage, we can still learn valuable design lessons from the history of architecture. Analysis of spatial patterns and spatial organization models seen in architectural designs of the past can be used to instruct architectural design. The present study refers to an example of such patterns and then proposes a strategy for teaching architectural history to make it applicable for architecture design.