3dsspp

Manual load handling is a work activity related to low back disorders and can impose a high mechanical load on the lower back. The present study aimed to investigate forces exerted on the lower back during manual handling in young workers in selected block maker workshops. This Descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out on 40 young workers with an average age of 31 years in several block maker industries in 2020. 3DSSPP Software was used for biomechanical analysis of the forces exerted on the lower back. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was assessed using the Standard Cornell Questionnaires. To analyze the data from SPSS19 software and Spearman, Friedman and ANOVA correlation tests were used to determine the relationship between demographic variables and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and the relationship between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and the amount of compressive and shear forces on workers' backs. The results showed that the mean compressive and shear forces exerted to the lumbosacral joint (L5 / S1) were 3194.8±1064.4 and 473.2± 89.5 N, respectively, and for the intervertebral disc (L4 / L5) were 3924.8±434.9 and 383.2 ±154.5, respectively The findings also indicated that the highest prevalence of pain was related to the lower back and right knee with 45% and 30%, respectively. The direct relationship exists between the mean score of musculoskeletal disorders obtained from the Cornell questionnaire with age, work experience and weight and body mass (0.001> P). The shear forces exerted to the lower back were higher than the permissible levels in about 30 to 37% of people and the compressive forces were on average in 42.5% of people, which can cause a lot of injuries to the back in the long term. The results obtained according to the study population show that manual load handling for these ages is dangerous and in the future and at older ages, people may suffer serious injuries and disorders, especially in the lower back.

Manual handling may cause workers to deal with various risk factors. Workers performing such tasks repeatedly for a long time are more prone to bodily injuries and physical problems such as back pain..
The current study aimed to assess the compressive loads estimation and analysis of forces exerted on the workers’ back in manual load lifting tasks using the national institute for occupational safety and health (NIOSH) equation and compare them with the recommended weight limit (RWL)..
It was a cross-sectional study in a laboratory setting on 15 healthy male workers in 2015. The participants were required to randomly perform 25 tasks with four iterations. The lifting index (LI) was calculated by NIOSH equation in simple tasks and compressive loads on the low back (L4/L5) for each task were calculated using the 3DSSPP. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16..
The results showed that the highest compressive force exerted on the back was equal to 4002 N and the lowest force 1425 N. Moreover, 76% of the tasks were reported to have the highest compressive force greater than the recommended limit; 72% of the tasks had an LI 1 - 3 and 28% of them had an LI less than 1. There was a weak direct correlation between compressive force and RWL..
The NIOSH equation and compressive force estimation function were partially similar to identify high-risk tasks, however, by the compressive force estimation, biomechanical analysis of tasks can be done better since it is quantitative and can determine the exact amount of forces exerted on the back..