جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "anxiety" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"
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Background
Anemia in pregnancy is associated with psychiatric symptoms and poor psychiatric symptoms, this study investigates the 6-month trends of anxiety and birth outcomes. Considering the controversies surrounding the impact of anemia on psychiatric symptoms, this study investigates the 6-month trends of anxiety and depression in anemic pregnant women with threatened abortion (TA).
MethodsA case-control retrospective cohort study conducted among 282 participants who enrolled in a registry of pregnant women with TA in Babol city from December 2022 to October 2023. Fifty individuals with anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL) who were matched with 50 without anemia based on age, pregnancies, education, and gestational age, were included. The BSI-18 (Brief Symptom Inventory) was used to assess depression, anxiety, and psychological distress at the beginning, three and six-month follow-ups.
ResultsThe prevalence of anemia among women diagnosed with TA was found to be 17.7%. At the beginning, compared to normal individuals, anemic women had higher rates of depression (32% vs. 14%), anxiety (34% vs. 22%), and psychological distress (66% vs. 48%). Moreover, at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, the frequency of psychiatric symptoms in anemic women was significantly higher. The Generalized Estimating Equations model showed that although both groups had a decreasing trend of frequency anemic women experience a slower rate of decrease in psychiatric symptoms compared to non-anemic women.
ConclusionAnemia in women with TA is associated with high rates of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress, as well as a slow recovery rate.
Keywords: Anemia, Threatened Abortion, Depression, Anxiety, Psychological Distress -
Background
Currently, a significant number of women are becoming pregnant after the age of 35. Since advanced maternal age is recognized as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes and fetal complications, there is a heightened potential for increased anxiety and worry among those who become pregnant at older age. Prenatal counseling can play an important role in reducing anxiety and psychological distress, while also promoting the physical and mental well-being of expectant mothers.
ObjectivesThe present study aimed to determine the effect of positive counseling on anxiety concerning giving birth to an infant with anomalies in pregnant women over 35 years of age.
MethodsThis randomized clinical trial was conducted on 46 pregnant mothers over 35. Participants were conveniently recruited and then randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group using block randomization. The study instrument was the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ; Vanden Berg, 1989). The experimental group received positive counseling in eight 70-90-minute virtual sessions. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and covariance (ANCOVA) analysis in SPSS version 22.
ResultsThe mean scores of anxieties concerning giving birth to an infant with anomalies before the intervention were 16.30 (6.47) in the experimental group and 12.13 (6.31) in the control group. An independent samples t-test revealed a statistically significant difference between the mean pretest scores of the two groups (p = 0.032). After the intervention, the mean scores of anxieties concerning giving birth to an infant with anomalies were 8.56 (4.65) in the experimental group and 13.34 (6.47) in the control group. An ANCOVA demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the mean post-test scores of the two groups (p < 0.001).
ConclusionPositive counseling reduces anxiety concerning giving birth to an infant with anomalies in pregnant women over 35 years of age.
Keywords: Positive Counseling, Anxiety, An Infant With Anomalies -
زمینه و هدف
سن حیوانات آزمایشگاهی یک متغییر مهم در زمان آزمایش است. گابا میانجی عصبی است که از اسیدآمینه گلوتامات توسط آنزیم گلوتامات دکربوکسیلاز سنتز میشود. ایزوفرم 67 آنزیم گلوتامات دکربوکسیلاز مسئول اصلی تولید گابا است و کاهش آن باعث کاهش سطح گابا میشود. از آنجایی که قشر پروفرونتال یکی از ساختارهای مغزی مهم در مدارهای نرونی اضطراب است و مطالعه جامعی در رابطه با اضطراب و تغییر بیان ژن این آنزیم در قشر پرفرونتال در سنین مختلف نداریم، در این مطالعه به کمک دستگاه ماز بعلاوهای شکل مرتفع این مهم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
روش ها :
در این مطالعه از موشهای صحرایی با سه گروه سنی 21 ،42 و 360روزه استفاده شد. در هر سن گروه بندی حیوانات به این صورت بود: 1) گروه کنترل، 2) گروهی که به منظور ارزیابی اضطراب ذاتی در دستگاه ماز بعلاوهای شکل مرتفع قرار گرفت، 3) گروه تجویز دیازپام + اضطراب ذاتی. بلا فاصله بعد از اتمام تست برای بررسی بیان ژن، پرفرونتال میانی مغز حیوانات جدا و بیان ژن به کمک تکنیک واکنش زنجیره ای پلیمراز کمی مورد ارزیابی قرار گفت.
یافته هانتایج ما نشان داد که اضطراب ذاتی درموشهای 21 روزه بالاتر از سایر سنین بود. بیان گلوتامات دکربوکسیلاز 67 قشر پرفرونتال در اضطراب ذاتی تغییری پیدا نکرد و سن اثری بر این پارامتر نداشت (05/0> p).
نتیجه گیریبه نظر میرسد که در اضطراب ذاتی سایر اجزای سیستم گاباارژیک در قشر پرفرونتال درگیر باشند و یا نقص در سایر میانجی های عصبی و مکانیسمهای مربوط به آنها مانند سروتونین، نوراپی نفرین و غیره مطرح باشد.
کلید واژگان: اضطراب, قشر پرفرونتال, گلوتامات دکربوکسیلاز67Background and AimThe age of laboratory animals is an important variable at the time of the experiment. GABA is a neurotransmitter that is synthesized from the amino acid glutamate by the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). GAD67 is the main enzyme responsible for the production of GABA and its reduction causes a decrease in GABA levels. Since the prefrontal cortex is one of the important brain structures in the neuronal circuits of anxiety and there has not been a comprehensive study related to anxiety and the change in gene expression of this enzyme in the prefrontal cortex at different ages, in this study, with the help of the elevated plus maze device, this assay was investigated.
MethodsRats with three age groups of 21, 42 and 360 days were used. At each age, the grouping of animals was as follows: 1) control group, 2) innate anxiety group in which the rats were placed in the elevated maze test, 3) diazepam administration group + innate anxiety group. Immediately after the test, the medial prefrontal cortex of the animals was isolated and evaluated with the help of a real time PCR technique.
ResultsOur results showed that anxiety in 21-day-old mice were higher than other ages. GAD67 enzyme expression of the prefrontal cortex did not change in innate anxiety and age had no effect on it (p > 0.05).
ConclusionIt seems that in the prefrontal cortex, other components of the GABAergic system or other neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, etc. and their related mechanisms are involved in innate anxiety.
Keywords: Anxiety, Prefrontal Cortex, Glutamate Decarboxylase 67 -
Background and Objective
Infertility often emerges as an unexpected crisis for couples, bringing about significant emotional distress and challenges. This experience can affect the mental health and quality of life of individuals, leading to feelings of isolation, anxiety, and depression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) and Existential Therapy (ET) on self-compassion and existential anxiety in infertile women in Yazd city in 2023.
Material and MethodsIn a quasi-experimental research design of the pretest, posttest, and follow-up type with two experimental groups and one control group, 60 infertile women from the target population were selected using the purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to the ISTDP, ET, and control groups. For the experimental groups, Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy and Existential Therapy programs were implemented in 8 sessions of 45 minutes, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)-Short Form (2011) and the Existential Anxiety Scale (1974) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) conducted with SPSS software version 27.0.
ResultsThe results showed a significant difference between the ISTDP and ET groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). The effectiveness of ISTDP and ET on improving self-compassion (F=44.40, P<0.001, η2= 0.43) and reducing existential anxiety (F=46.38, P<0.001, η2= 0.45) in infertile women was significant, and the effects of the treatments remained stable at the follow-up stage. No significant difference was observed between the two ISTDP and ET treatments.
ConclusionThe findings of this study demonstrate that both Intensive ISTDP and ET are effective in significantly enhancing self-compassion and reducing existential anxiety among infertile women compared to a control group. These positive effects were maintained at the follow-up assessment, suggesting the enduring benefits of both therapeutic approaches.
Keywords: Psychotherapy, Existential Therapy, Self-Compassion, Anxiety, Infertility -
Background and Aim
The Internet has become an integral part of human life. One field that is dramatically expanding is internet gaming, which can be harmful to those who overplay. The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between internet gaming disorder, stress, and obsessive-compulsive disorder among high school students in Tehran.
Materials and MethodsThis study used a descriptive survey-based data collection method. The research population consisted of all students who studied in Tehran during the research. The sample included 122 students who were selected by the convenient sampling method. The research instruments were the Internet Gaming Disorder Test-10 (IGDT-10), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Obsessive Belief Questionnaire-Child Version (OBQ-CV). Descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze data..
ResultsThe results showed a significant correlation between IGD and perceived stress, with a correlation coefficient of 0.645 (P<0.01). In contrast, there was a negative association between IGD and obsessional beliefs, but the correlation was not significant with a correlation coefficient of 0.014 and a significance level of 0.88 (P<0.01). Furthermore, the impact of the predictor variables on the dependent variable is statistically accepted. Based on the R2 coefficient of 0.457, this model can explain more than 47% of the variance in IGD. Additionally, perceived stress has a Beta coefficient of 0.663, which confirms the hypothesis that perceived stress predicts IGD positively (P<0.01). In contrast, obsessional beliefs have a Beta coefficient of 0.123, which means they cannot significantly predict IGD.
ConclusionIt seems IGD is significantly related to perceived stress, and those with higher stress are more prone to IGD symptoms. Meanwhile, there is no correlation with obsessional beliefs. IGD appears to be more characterized by impulsivity than compulsivity. If the hallmark of behavioral addictions is the initial impulsivity followed by compulsivity, IGD may be more akin to an impulse-control disorder than a behavioral addiction.
Keywords: Anxiety, Cyberspace, Depression, Internet Addiction, Medical Students -
Background and Aim
Diagnosing children's cancer can cause significant disruptions in the child and family life, putting parents and children at risk for psychosocial problems, including reduced quality of life through increased anxiety, stress, and depression, which necessitates solutions like emotion-focused therapy (EFT) to reduce complications. This research investigated the effectiveness of EFT in reducing anxiety, stress, and depression in couples with children with cancer.
Materials and MethodsThe research used a semi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design, control and experimental groups, and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included 40 couples with a child with cancer in Ferdous City. The collected data were analyzed utilizing inferential statistics and a step-by-step regression analysis under the normality assumption. Data were analyzed using statistical techniques (descriptive, inferential) and SPSS22. The research hypotheses were investigated utilizing ANCOVA and MANCOVA.
ResultsWith the pretest control of the test significance levels, there was a significant difference between the couples with a child with cancer in the experimental and control groups concerning anxiety, stress, and depression reduction (P<0.001, F-5.299). The respective differences of 19.78, 20.50, and 44.67 for anxiety, stress, and 44.67 for depression highlight the significant effect of EFT on anxiety, stress, and depression of the experimental group at a 95% confidence level and p<0.05.
ConclusionEFT affects and reduces the anxiety, stress, and depression of couples with children with cancer. The emotion-based developed package created a safe space to resolve past wounds and increase awareness, expression, and acceptance of repressed emotions, leading to a new meaning for life and adjusting the disease through a different perspective toward emotions caused by mental turmoil and anxiety.
Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Emotion-Focused Therapy, Pediatric Cancer, Stress -
Background and Aim
Rapid technological advances have led to increased use of cyberspace among medical students. Despite the benefits, there are concerns about the unwanted effects of excessive use of cyberspace on mental health. Depression and anxiety, two of the most common mental health disorders worldwide, have been of particular interest in this context. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of depression and anxiety among medical students and explore its association with Cyberspace use.
Materials and MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 355 medical students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences using stratified random sampling. Data was collected through the following instruments: Demographic Information Questionnaire, Young’s Internet Addiction Test, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Data analysis was conducted utilizing SPSS software version 26. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests (Spearman’s correlation coefficient) were employed.
ResultsThe results revealed that 27.3% of participants exhibited severe depression, 13% displayed severe anxiety, and 10.7% manifested symptoms of internet addiction. There was a positive association among depression, anxiety, and internet addiction (P<0.0001). Additionally, an inverse notable disparity between internet addiction and educational level was discovered (P<0.05). Also, a significant correlation was shown between depression, anxiety, internet addiction, and marital status (P<0.05).
ConclusionThe study indicated a notable correlation between cyberspace usage and the prevalence of depression and anxiety in medical students. Additional research is necessary to develop productive interventions that target the potential negative impacts of cyberspace usage on the mental well-being of medical students, consequently advancing the community healthcare system.
Keywords: Anxiety, Cyberspace, Depression, Internet Addiction, Medical Students -
Background
The study's goal was to find out how well acceptance and commitment-based treatment worked for women going through divorce who were afraid of being negatively evaluated and experiencing anxiety.
MethodsWomen considering divorce who sought help from family counseling facilities in Kerman City during the first three months of 2013 were the subjects of this semi-experimental pre-test-post-test study, which included a control group. The samples were split into two groups of 15 individuals at random. In an experiment, eight 60-minute mindfulness training sessions were given to one group. For the control group, no particular treatment approach was offered. A post-test was administered to both groups following the conclusion of the treatment period. The Fear of Negative Evaluation Questionnaire (BFNES) and Wells Anxiety were among the instruments utilized. For analysis, multivariate analysis of variance and covariance were employed.
ResultsAccording to the findings, women going through a divorce who received treatment based on acceptance and commitment experienced less anxiety and fear of negative evaluation; the linear combination of anxiety and fear of negative evaluation was affected by this treatment by 0.903. Anxiety was reduced by 0.807%, and fear of a negative evaluation was reduced by 0.685% with acceptance and commitment-based therapy.
ConclusionPsychologists should use the acceptance and commitment-based therapy approach along with other treatment approaches to help women going through divorce feel less anxious and afraid of being negatively evaluated. Research indicates that this approach may be extremely effective.
Keywords: Acceptance, Commitment Therapy, Anxiety, Divorce, Women -
Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research, Volume:32 Issue: 154, Sep-Oct 2024, PP 331 -340Background & Objective
Few studies have compared the concentration of trace elements and antioxidants in the serum of depressed and non-depressed as well as children on dialysis with and without anxiety.
Materials & MethodsA prospective cross-sectional research was conducted. Forty children undergoing dialysis were assessed to define the correlation between mean serum levels of Selenium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, vitamin C, and vitamin E and their deficient levels with mood disorders. The Child Depression Inventory (CDI) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) scorings were applied. According to Scorings, patients were divided into no depression and depression and no anxiety and anxiety disorders groups.
ResultsEighteen hemodialysis and 22 peritoneal dialysis patients were enrolled. The median of age was 11 years. Twenty-two patients (55%) were males. Selenium, copper, and vitamin C deficiencies were found in 32.5%, 15%, and 2.5% of patients, respectively. Anxiety and depression disorders were diagnosed in 82.5% and 67.5% of patients, respectively. No relationship between gender, modality of dialysis, duration from onset of dialysis, serum levels of hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, Zinc, Copper, Selenium, manganese, and vitamin C with anxiety and depression disorders (p > 0.05 for all). The severity of depression was higher in hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis patients (P < 0.001). The Serum level of Vitamin E significantly was higher in depressed in comparison with non-depressed cases (P=0.02).
ConclusionThere was no relationship between trace elements and vitamin C serum level and depression or anxiety disorders. An unreported finding was significantly higher level of vitamin E in depressed patients in comparison to those without it.
Keywords: Dialysis, Child, Trace Elements, Depression, Anxiety -
مقدمه
مواجهه دانشجویان با عوامل تنش زای متعدد می تواند اثرات نامطلوبی بر آینده ی آن ها و بالطبع جامعه گذاشته و منجر به کاهش مقاومت روانی و جسمی و بروز آثار ناخوشایند گردد. عوامل استرس زای محیطی و روانی اجتماعی می تواند عوامل خطر مشترکی برای روان به حساب آمده و به طور وسیعی در تعامل دو سویه با اضطراب و افسردگی به عنوان شایعترین اختلالات روان شناختی از دسته ی خلقی قرار گیرند و دانشجویان به جهت ویژگی های شخصیتی و محیطی آسیب پذیر تر بوده یا در معرض آسیب های بیشتری قرار دارند. بر همین اساس به نظر می رسد که بررسی و پرداختن به مشکلات دانشجویان، به جهت ایجاد شرایط بهتر و سالم تر فردی، خانوادگی و اجتماعی موثر می باشد.
مواد و روش کارجامعه ی آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه ی دانشجویان مشغول به تحصیل در مجتمع آموزشی ولیعصر دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب در سال 1402 می باشد. برای تعیین حجم نمونه پژوهش با توجه به استفاده از روش حداقل مربعات جزئی از قاعده بارکلای و از پرسشنامه اضطراب و افسردگی DASS_21 برای سنجش استرس، اضطراب و افسردگی استفاده شده است.
یافته هانتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون لجستیک بر مبنای ویژگی های جمعیت شناختی نشان داد: نسبت شانس ابتلا به اضطراب در مقطع تحصیلی کارشناسی ارشد در مقایسه با دانشجویان کارشناسی برابر با 0/6 نسبت شانس ابتلا به افسردگی 0/51 نسبت شانس ابتلا به استرس برابر با 0/48 و این نسبت برای افراد متاهل 0/58 کمتر بود (فقط در مورد استرس).
نتیجه گیریدانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی در مقایسه با دانشجویان مقاطع تحصیلی بالاتر احتمال بیشتری برای ابتلا به اضطراب، افسردگی و استرس دارند و احتمال استرس در دانشجویان مجرد در مقایسه با دانشجویان متاهل بیشتر می باشد.
کلید واژگان: اضطراب, افسردگی, استرس, مشخصات دموگرافیکPayesh, Volume:24 Issue: 1, 2025, PP 95 -103Objentive (s):
Students' exposure to multiple stressors can have adverse effects on their future and lead to a decrease in their mental and physical health. Environmental and psychosocial stressors can be considered as common risk factors for the psyche and widely in two-way interaction with anxiety and depression as the most common psychological disorders of the mood distress. Students are more vulnerable or exposed to harms due to their personality and environmental characteristics. Thus this study aimed to risk factors for anxiety, depression and stress among students.
MethodsThe statistical population of this research included all students studying in an Educational Complex affiliated with Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch in 2023. To determine the sample size of the research, according to the partial least squares method, Barclay's rule. The DASS-21 was used to measure anxiety, depression and measure stress.
ResultsIn all 211 students were entered into the study. The results obtained from logistic regression analysis based on demographic characteristics showed that the odds ratio for anxiety, depression and stress among postgraduate students was 0.4; 0.49; and 0.52, respectively indicating worse conditions for undergraduate students.
ConclusionUndergraduate students are more likely to suffer from anxiety, depression and stress compared to postgraduate students, and single students might experience more stress compared to married students.
Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Demographic Characteristics -
هدف
ترس از افتادن یک اختلال عصبی و بسیار شایع در بیماران سکته مغزی است که فرد را در تحرک و فعالیت های روزمره زندگی و درنتیجه تعاملات اجتماعی محدود می کند. بنابراین غربالگری و تشخیص زودهنگام ترس از افتادن، نقش مهمی در مدیریت توانبخشی موثر و کارآمد برای این بیماران دارد. باتوجه به اینکه پرسش نامه هایی که برای ارزیابی ترس از افتادن در بیماران با سکته مغزی وجود دارند، هیچ کدام تک سوالی نیستند، بدین ترتیب مطالعه حاضر به منظور طراحی و اعتبارسنجی یک مقیاس تک سوالی (مقیاس درجه بندی ترس از افتادن) برای غربالگری سریع تر و مرحله به مرحله ترس از زمین خوردن در بیماران سکته مغزی انجام شده است. همچنین با توجه به تاثیر عوامل روانی-اجتماعی مثل اضطراب و افسردگی بر ترس از افتادن در این بیماران، در این مطالعه این عوامل (اضطراب و افسردگی) کنترل شده است.
روش بررسیدر این مطالعه مقطعی، 180 بیمار با علائم پس از سکته مغزی از کلینیک های توانبخشی دولتی و خصوصی تهران شامل بیمارستان رفیده، بیمارستان لقمان، بیمارستان تجریش، کلینیک هستی، کلینیک نظام مافی و کلینیک دانشکده توانبخشی ایران از طریق نمونه گیری در دسترس در این مطالعه شرکت کردند. نمونه گیری در میانه آذرماه سال 1400 الی میانه اسفندماه سال 1400 انجام شد. نقطه برش و شاخص های اعتبار برای مقیاس درجه بندی ترس از افتادن با در نظر گرفتن (مقیاس اثربخشی سقوط -بین المللی)، به عنوان پرسش نامه معیار محاسبه شدند.
یافته هابراساس تجزیه وتحلیل منحنی راک، نقطه برش حاصل برای مقیاس درجه بندی ترس از افتادن برابر با 3 به دست آمد و میزان شاخص ویژگی و حساسیت به ترتیب 30/82 و 61/77 شدند. شاخص پیش بینی مثبت و شاخص پیش بینی منفی به ترتیب 8/32 و 1/97 شدند.
نتیجه گیریمقیاس نک موردی ترس از افتادن دارای سطح موثری از دقت تشخیصی است و می تواند به عنوان یک ابزار سریع برای غربالگری ترس از افتادن استفاده شود. علاوه براین، می توان از آن برای ارزیابی پروتکل های مرحله به مرحله در بیماران سکته مغزی مزمن استفاده کرد.
کلید واژگان: سکته, غربالگری, ترس, توانبخشی, منحنی راک, اضطراب, افسردگیObjectiveFear of falling (FOF) is a critical and highly prevalent neuropsychological disorder in stroke patients, confining the individual in mobility, activities of daily living, and communication. Screening and detecting FOF is crucial in effective and efficient rehabilitation management. Considering that none of the questionnaires that assess the FOF in patients with stroke are single-item, the present study was conducted to design and validate a single-item scale (FOF rating scale [FOF-RS]) for a faster and step-by-step screening of the FOF in stroke patients. Also, considering the impact of psychosocial factors such as anxiety and depression on the fear of falling in these patients, they were controlled in this study.
Materials & MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 180 participants suffering post-stroke symptoms were recruited from public and private rehabilitation clinics, including Rafideh Hospital, Loqman Hospital, Tajrish SHohada Hospital, Nizam Mafi Clinic, Hasti Clinic, and Iran Rehabilitation Faculty Clinic through convenience sampling in Tehran City, Iran. Sampling was conducted within 3 months, between December 2021 and March 2022. The cut-off point and validity indicators were computed for FOF-RS, considering FES-I (falls efficacy scale-international) as a criterion measure.
ResultsBased on receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, the resulting cut-off point for the FOF-RS (>3) had a satisfactory level of specificity (82.30) and sensitivity (77.61). Also, the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 32.8 and 97.1, respectively.
ConclusionThe FOF-RS has an adequate level of diagnostic accuracy and may well be used as a fast tool for screening FOF. Besides, it could assess step-by-step protocols in chronic stroke patients.
Keywords: Stroke, Mass Screening, Fear, Rehabilitation, ROC Curve, Anxiety, Depression -
فصلنامه سالمند، پیاپی 76 (زمستان 1403)، صص 604 -617اهداف
شناخت عوامل روان شناختی موثر بر سبک زندگی مرتبط با سرطان پروستات، مانند اضطراب و افسردگی در سالمندان مبتلا می تواند به ارائه مراقبت های پرستاری مبتنی بر شواهد منجر شود. هدف مطالعه حاضر، تعیین ارتباط اضطراب و افسردگی با سبک زندگی مرتبط با بیماری در سالمندان مبتلا به سرطان پروستات بود.
مواد و روش هااین مطالعه توصیفی در فاصله زمانی سال 2021 تا 2022 انجام شد. 250 سالمند مراجعه ننده به درمانگاه های انکولوژی و ارولوژی بیمارستان ها و مطب پزشکان منطقه غرب مازندران (نور، نوشهر، چالوس، تنکابن و رامسر) در مطالعه شرکت داشتند. روش نمونه گیری دردسترس بود. جهت جمع آوری داده ها از مقیاس های خودارزیابی اضطراب و افسردگی و پرسش نامه سبک زندگی مرتبط با سرطان پروستات استفاده شد. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 18 و آزمون های آماری آنالیز واریانس، تی مستقل، ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چندگانه انجام شد. سطح معناداری کمتر از 0/05 در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته هامیانگین و انحراف معیار سنی مشارکت کنندگان، 3/69±69/33 سال بود. نتایج نشان داد ارتباط معناداری بین اضطراب و افسردگی با سبک زندگی مرتبط با بیماری وجود دارد (001/P<0). به طوری که با افزایش اضطراب و افسردگی، وضعیت سبک زندگی مرتبط با بیماری در سالمندان مبتلا به سرطان پروستات ضعیف تر می شود. بین سبک زندگی مرتبط با بیماری با متغیرهای وضعیت اقتصادی و سطح تحصیلات ارتباط آماری معنی داری وجود داشت (001/P<0). به طوری که سبک زندگی در سالمندان با وضعیت اقتصادی ضعیف و بی سواد ضعیف تر از سایرین بود.
نتیجه گیریبراساس یافته ها، با افزایش سطح اضطراب و افسردگی، سبک زندگی مرتبط با سرطان پروستات در سالمندان مبتلا ضعیف تر می شود. بنابراین برنامه ریزی جهت انجام مداخلات در راستای کاهش اضطراب و افسردگی و بهبود سبک زندگی سالمندان مبتلا به سرطان پروستات توصیه می شود.
کلید واژگان: سالمندی, سرطان پروستات, سبک زندگی, اضطراب, افسردگیObjectivesAcknowledging the psychological factors of lifestyle related to prostate cancer in older people, such as anxiety and depression, can help promote the provision of evidence-based nursing care. The present study determined the relationship between anxiety and depression with disease-related lifestyle in older people with prostate cancer.
Methods & MaterialsThis descriptive study was conducted during 2021 and 2022. A total of 250 older patients referred to oncology and urology hospital clinics and physician offices in the western region of Mazandaran Province (Noor, Nowshahr, Chalus, Tonekabon, and Ramsar cities), Iran, participated in the study. They were sampled using the convenience method. Data collection tools included anxiety and depression self-assessment scales and lifestyle-related prostate cancer questionnaires. The statistical tests of analysis of variance, independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were used to analyze data in SPSS software, version 18 software. A significance level of <0.05 was considered significant.
ResultsThe Mean±SD age of participants was 69.33±3.69 years. The results showed a significant relationship between anxiety and depression with disease-related lifestyle (P<0.001). Thus, an increase in anxiety and depression deteriorated disease-related lifestyle in older patients with prostate cancer. Furthermore, disease-related lifestyle was significantly related to economic status and education level (P<0.001) and worsened with poor economic status and illiteracy.
ConclusionAccording to the findings, higher anxiety and depression levels deteriorate lifestyle related to prostate cancer in the affected older people. Therefore, interventions to reduce anxiety and depression are recommended to improve the lifestyle of older people with prostate cancer.
Keywords: Older People, Prostate Cancer, Lifestyle, Anxiety, Depression -
Background
The demand for orthodontic treatment to correct malocclusion has increased worldwide. A main cause of applying for orthodontics treatment may arise from mental disorders, such as Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BDD, the real need for orthodontic treatment based on the ICON index, and inquiry about orthodontics treatment in women.
MethodsIn a case-control study, 414 women from the public outpatient dental clinic of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, completed a demographic questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for BDD (BDD-YBOCS). A specialist also determined the ICON index for each participant.
ResultsAmong 414 subjects, 52 patients (31 in the orthodontics and 21 in the control group) (p=0.182) had a BDD-YBOCS score of 20 or above. The frequency of BDD, based on a definite diagnosis by an interview with a psychiatric specialist, was 6.28% among the orthodontic patients, which was significantly more than that of other dental patients (p<0.05). The mean ICON index score was found to have a significant difference between the orthodontic patients and the controls (p<0.001). No correlation was found between the severity of ICON and BDD-YBOCS scores in all the participants (p=0.804), in the cases (p=0.655), or the controls (p=0.403).
ConclusionThe current study found no correlation between ICON and BDD score. However, a significantly higher rate of BDD subjects receiving orthodontic procedures suggests using the BDD-YBOCS survey in dental clinics to screen patients suspected of having BDD for further psychological management.
Keywords: Anxiety, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Control Groups, Depression, Malocclusion, Outpatients -
Background
Nail-biting can result in both physical and psychological consequences including emotional distress, anxiety, and depression. The study aimed to forecast the extent of concern regarding body image and anxiety in children by examining the family dynamics and communication styles of parents whose students have nail-biting habits in elementary schools in Tehran.
MethodsThe present study utilized descriptive and causalcorrelational methodologies through regression analysis. The research participants are girls in the sixth grade who are enrolled in a primary school in the 6th district of Tehran in 2022, as well as their parents. 160 individuals were chosen through a combination of convenience and purposive sampling methods. The sample consisted of around 80 students and 80 parents. Data collection involved four standardized questionnaires related to The Body Image Concern Inventory, The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Parent Version (SCAS-P), The Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ), and The McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD). After collecting data, the study utilized descriptive statistics (age, gender, education level) and regression analysis. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS 23 software.
ResultsThe findings showed a significant connection between family dynamics and body image concerns (P-value<0.01). The correlation coefficient of r=-0.736 indicates a strong negative relationship between students' body image concerns and family dynamics. Likewise, the study revealed a notable link between parents' communication styles and body image concerns (r=0.860). A greater emphasis on communication by parents is associated with a reduction in students' body image concerns, demonstrating a strong negative relationship between these factors (P-value<0.01).
ConclusionsIt is suggested that primary schools improve communication with parents of students who are dealing with anxiety, body image issues, and nail-biting habits to effectively help them overcome these challenges.
Keywords: Concern Of Body Image, Anxiety, Family Functioning, Communication Patterns, Parents, Students, Onychophagia -
مقدمه
سلامت روان برای بهبود کیفیت زندگی در سنین سالمندی ضروری است.
هدفمطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین ارتباط بین اضطراب کووید- 19 با احساس تنهایی با نقش تعدیل کننده گرایش مذهبی در سالمندان شهر کرج انجام شد.
مواد و روش هااین مطالعه توصیفی و مقطعی بر روی 500 سالمند در سال 1399 انجام پذیرفت. نمونه ها به صورت خوشه ای در سطح شهر کرج انتخاب شدند. داده ها با استفاده از چک لیست جمعیت شناختی ، پرسشنامه های اضطراب از کووید 19، جهت گیری مذهبی آلپورت و راس و احساس تنهایی راسل و پیلوا جمع آوری شد. با استفاده از روش تحلیل مسیر (Path Analysis)، علاوه بر ارتباط مستقیم بین اضطراب کووید- 19 با احساس تنهایی، نقش میانجیگری گرایش مذهبی در ارتباط غیرمستقیم بین دو متغیر مذکور بررسی شد.
یافته هامیانگین سنی سالمندان مشارکت کننده در مطالعه 7/99 ±70/82 سال بود. اکثر شرکت کنندگان در این مطالعه مرد (275 نفر، 55 درصد) و متاهل (388 نفر، 67/7 درصد) بودند. بین اضطراب روانی و احساس تنهایی و گرایش مذهبی با احساس تنهایی (P<0/000) رابطه معنا داری وجود داشت. نتایج روش مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری SEM، نقش تعدیل کنندگی گرایش مذهبی، در ارتباط بین اضطراب از ابتلا به ویروس کووید- 19 و احساس تنهایی (β= 0/000 ،P=0/999) را تایید نکرد.
نتیجه گیریاگرچه نتایج این مطالعه، نقش تعدیل کننده مذهب را در ارتباط بین اضطراب کووید- 19 با احساس تنهایی تائید نکرد، ولی انجام مطالعات بیشتری برای تائید این نتیجه مورد نیاز می باشد.
کلید واژگان: اضطراب, تنهایی, سالمند, کووید- 19, مذهبIntroductionMental health is crucial for enhancing the quality of life in older adults.
ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and loneliness, considering the moderating role of religious orientation among the elderly in Karaj city.
Method and Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study of 500 older adults in Karaj, Iran, was conducted in 2020 using cluster sampling. Data was gathered through a demographic checklist, questionnaires on COVID-19 anxiety, Allport and Ross Religious Orientation, and loneliness. Path analysis was employed to assess the moderating role of religious orientation in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and loneliness.ResultsThe mean age of the elderly participants in the study was 70.82 ± 7.99 years. Most were male (n=275, 55%) and married (n=388, 67.6%). Significant correlations were found between psychological anxiety and loneliness, as well as between religious orientation and loneliness (p=0.000, β=-0.584). However, the results did not support a moderating role of religious orientation in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and loneliness (p=0.999, β=0.000).
ConclusionsThe current study did not support the moderating role of religiosity in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and loneliness; however, further research is recommended to verify these findings.
Keywords: Aged, Anxiety, COVID-19, Loneliness, Religion -
Background
Vitamins play an important role in improving mental health. Healthy diets can significantly influence the development, progression, and treatment of mental health disorders.
ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the correlation between dietary intake and anthropometric profiles with anxiety in female students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences.
MethodsThis cross-sectional study evaluated 200 female medical students for daily intake of B vitamins, omega-3, anthropometric indices, and their correlation with anxiety. The Food Frequency Questionnaire and Bronze Anxiety Questionnaire were used to examine the relationship between dietary intake and anxiety. The associations between parameters were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation.
ResultsThe findings revealed that the mean age of the female medical students was 22.60 ± 2.10 years, with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 23.37 ± 4.01, a waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR) of 0.81 ± 0.11, a waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) of 10.55 ± 0.10, and an anxiety score of 44.83 ± 17.71. Positive correlations were observed between BMI (r = 0.89, P = 0.0001), WHpR (r = 0.86, P = 0.0001), and WHtR (r = 0.898, P = 0.0001) with anxiety. The mean anxiety scores were 23.84 ± 4.36, 38.59 ± 4.62, 61.44 ± 13.63, and 74.44 ± 5.96 in underweight, normal, overweight, and obese participants, respectively. A negative correlation was identified between the consumption of vitamins and omega-3 and anxiety scores (r = -0.63, P < 0.001).
ConclusionsThis study suggests that a higher intake of dietary B vitamins and omega-3 is associated with lower anxiety scores in Zahedan medical students.
Keywords: Anxiety, Diet, Mental Health, Obesity, Students -
Background
Despite the prevalence of unintended pregnancies, little is known about the connections between psychosocial and sociodemographic characteristics. This study explored the predictors of fetal attachment, worry, anxiety, and stress in unintended pregnancies.
Materials and MethodsThis descriptive, cross‑sectional study was conducted on 229 father and mother pairs from two primary healthcare centers in Fars province in southern Iran. Data were collected in a face‑to‑face survey using the Parents Fetal Attachment Scale, Spielberger State‑Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Parental Worry Scale. The participants were selected using the two‑stage random cluster sampling method from November 2022 to February 2023. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using binary logistic and multiple linear regression tests.
ResultsAccording to the findings, education level and previous parenting experience were found to have a statistically significant effect on the attachment levels of mothers (F4,224 = 5.14; p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the perceived stress of mothers and fathers (p > 0.05). Previous parenting experience significantly affected mothers’ anxiety (odd ratio: 3.20; p < 0.05). The age variable had a significant relationship with the mothers’ perceived stress (p < 0.05).
ConclusionsAccording to the results, unwanted pregnancy had a significant relationship with fetal attachment, anxiety, stress, and worry. It is recommended that to enhance the mental health of couples who have experienced unintended pregnancy, a platform should be provided for the development of their psychosocial environment.
Keywords: Anxiety, Attachment, Iran, Stress, Unwanted Pregnancies -
Background
Nurses are exposed to higher stress, anxiety, and depression due to the nature of their work. Considering the differences between specialized and general hospital units, this article focuses on comparing the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among nurses in these two types of units.
Materials and MethodsThis descriptive‑analytical study was conducted in 2023 on 135 nurses in specialized units and 219 nurses in general units selected through stratified random sampling out of 1681 nurses. For this study, 6 public hospitals in the West Azerbaijan province of Iran were selected. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales‑21 (DASS‑21) and analyzed using SPSS software. A significance level of 0.05 was considered for this study.
ResultsThis study reported that stress, anxiety, and depression affected 72.04%, 46.33%, and 53.68% of nurses, respectively, with mild to extremely-severe intensity levels. No significant differences were observed in stress, anxiety, and depression between specialized and general units (p > 0.05). Among specialized units (ICU, CCU, and dialysis ward), dialysis unit nurses had significantly lower depression scores (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant correlation existed between demographic variables and DASS‑21 constructs (p > 0.05).
ConclusionsThe similarities among nurses in specialized and general units outweigh the observed differences. Given the high prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among nurses and the negative correlation with job satisfaction, managers should improve job satisfaction to support nurses’ mental health.
Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Hospital Units, Nurses, Occupational Stress -
سابقه و هدف
لیکن پلان دهان یک بیماری خودایمنی التهابی و مزمن است که اغلب تهدید کننده حیات نیست، اما به دلیل ماهیت مزمن و فقدان درمانی که از پیشروی بیماری جلوگیری کند، پیامدهای روانی- اجتماعی متعددی به همراه دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی درمان کاهش استرس مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر علایم و نشانه های بیماری، استرس، اضطراب و افسردگی مبتلایان به بیماری لیکن پلان دهان، انجام پذیرفت.
مواد و روش هادر این پژوهش کارآزمایی بالینی کنترل شده، از طرح تحقیق دوگروهی همراه با پیش آزمون و پس آزمون استفاده شد. نمونه پژوهش شامل 36 زن مبتلا به لیکن پلان دهان بودند که با روش نمونه گیری هدفمند بر اساس ملاک های ورود انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه کنترل و آزمایش قرار گرفتند. داده ها به وسیله پرسش نامه DASS-21، مقیاس درجه بندی دیداری (VAS) و معیار تانگ پراسوم جمع آوری شدند. گروه آزمایش 8 جلسه درمان MBSR دریافت کردند و گروه کنترل مداخله روان شناختی دریافت نکردند. در نهایت داده ها به وسیله نرم افزار SPSS-22 تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
یافته هادر گروه آزمایش، میانگین نمرات استرس، اضطراب وافسردگی درمرحله پس آزمون به ترتیب 4/22±9/29، 3/29±5/94 و 5/55±7/00 و در گروه کنترل به ترتیب 4/84±10/94، 4/70±7/71و 5/44±9/65 بود که پس از تعدیل نمرات پیش آزمون، نتایج تحلیل کوواریانس نشان داد که میانگین دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل در این متغیرها در مرحله پس آزمون تفاوت معنی داری دارد (0/05>P). میانگین شدت درد یا سوزش در گروه آزمایش در مرحله پس آزمون 1/85±2/94 و در گروه کنترل1/69±3/65 بود؛ اما بین این نمرات تفاوت معنی داری وجود نداشت، برای متغیر نشانه های بیماری نیز تفاوت فراوانی نوع ضایعات در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل تفاوت معنی داری نداشت (0/05<P).
استنتاجنتیجه این پژوهش نشان داد که می توان از درمان MBSR در جهت کاهش آشفتگی های روان شناختی مبتلایان به بیماری لیکن پلان دهان بهره برد.
کلید واژگان: بیماری لیکن پلان دهان, استرس, اضطراب, افسردگی, درد یا سوزش, ضایعات مخاطی, کاهش استرس مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهیBackground and purposeOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that, although not typically life-threatening, can lead to significant psychosocial consequences. Due to its persistent nature and the lack of effective treatments to prevent its progression, OLP can severely impact quality of life. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy in alleviating symptoms and signs of the disease, as well as reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in women with oral lichen planus.
Materials and methodsThis study is a controlled clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test design. The sample comprised 36 women diagnosed with oral lichen planus, who were selected using purposive sampling and were then randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group. Data were collected using the DASS-21 questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Thongprasom Scale. The experimental group received 8 sessions of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) therapy, while the control group received no interventions. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22).
ResultsIn the experimental group, the mean scores for stress, anxiety, and depression in the post-test phase were 9.29±4.22, 5.94±3.92, and 7.00±5.55, respectively. In the control group, these scores were 10.94±4.84, 7.71±4.70, and 9.65±5.44, respectively. After adjusting for pre-test scores, the results of covariance analysis showed that the mean scores of the experimental and control groups differed significantly for these variables in the post-test phase (P<0.05). The mean intensity of pain or burning sensation in the experimental group during the post-test phase was 2.94±1.85, compared to 3.65±1.69 in the control group; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of lesions between the experimental and control groups (P>0.05).
ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that MBSR can be an effective approach to reducing psychological distress in patients with oral lichen planus.
Keywords: Oral Lichen Planus, Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Pain, Burning, Mucosal Lesions, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction -
Background
Any deviation from the normal trajectory of gender identity formation creates a basis for incompatibilities, a specific and severe form of which is gender identity disorder (GID). Gender identity disorder affects an individual’s development, growth, and overall performance.
ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and aggression among individuals with GID, based on their personality type (type A or type B), referred to the Forensic Medicine Department of Ilam city in 2020.
MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, all patients diagnosed with GID and referred to the Forensic Medicine Department for gender reassignment were included. All participants received psychological counseling from a psychiatrist. To determine levels of depression, anxiety, personality type, and aggression, Beck’s Depression and Anxiety Inventory, the Aggression Questionnaire (AGQ), and Spencer’s Type A or B Personality Type Questionnaire were used, respectively. Data were analyzed using t -tests, Fisher’s exact test, and linear regression through STATA 12 software.
ResultsThe findings revealed that the mean ± SD total scores for depression and anxiety were 15.2 ± 9.2 and 21.4 ± 13.2, respectively. Among the patients, 21 (52%) exhibited no or very low depressive symptoms, three (8%) had mild symptoms, 12 (30%) had moderate symptoms, and four (10%) had severe depressive symptoms. Regarding anxiety, seven (17.5%) had no or very low symptoms, seven (17.5%) had mild symptoms, 12 (30%) had moderate symptoms, and 14 (35%) had severe symptoms. Among patients with personality types B and A, 11 (64.1%) and 10 (45.5%) individuals, respectively, had no depressive symptoms, while six (33.3%) and one (4.6%), respectively, exhibited no anxiety symptoms. The linear regression model indicated that aggression levels in type A personalities were approximately 6.23 points higher than those in type B personalities (P = 0.03).
ConclusionsIndividuals with GID who have a type A personality are more susceptible to mental health disorders compared to those with a type B personality. Additionally, aggression levels in individuals with GID can be partially predicted based on personality type.
Keywords: Depression, Anxiety, Aggression, Gender Identity
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