fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fahp)

Given the ever - expanding growth of science and technology that the multiplicity, variety, and complexity of industrial processes have been only a part of it, and despite the many human needs to be met using science and technology, the devastating effects must not be forgotten. These consequences are either due to the unknown dimensions and aspects found in modern science and technology or the result of mismanagement, illness and work - related accidents. Among these effects and consequences are environmental consequences. Research shows that occupational accidents are among the most important consequences of globalization, especially in developing countries. On the other hand, the environment has suffered from the pollution caused by industrial and manufacturing centers to the extent that the pervasive environmental crises such as gradual warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, depletion environmental crises such as gradual global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, depletion of water oxygen and aquatic death, soil degradation caused by waste and chemicals and, to some extent, noise pollution, result from unequal confrontation between industry and environment. Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) management is responsible for planning, implementing, monitoring and optimizing operational processes in the areas of environmental management, health protection and occupational safety. Regulatory requirements play an important role in HSE discipline. Considering the threats posed by industry and the imposition of heavy and increasing costs on the economy of human society, and considering the importance and role of Health, Safety, and Environment - Management System (HSE-MS) in protecting these two infrastructure components, and of course, highly influential manpower and the environment in the field of industry and production and more importantly sustainable development, it is imperative to evaluate optimally and realistically its performance in industries and manufacturing centers.The effects and consequences of the devastation caused by the dangers and aspects of the HSE have become so tangible and visible that they have prompted national, and international agencies to respond these issues since the mid-1990s. These reactions occur in many forms, including the creation and dissemination of standards and management systems. The standardization approach in the field of HSE was a response to the needs of organizations and stakeholders that sought to manage HSE in a more sustainable and effective way in order to reduce the number of events (accidents), occupational injuries and diseases, mitigate environmental aspects and consequences.Ranking is a type of qualification criterion based on defined standards and is intended to guarantee the quality and quantity of contractors in providing services and defending the rights of stakeholders and users. Integrated fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and Taxonomy techniques as a method in multi criteria decision making (MCDM) helps decision maker(s) to organize and analyze problems, and to rank alternatives. Identification of criteria and indicators, selection of measures and weighting of indicators which with HSE-MS performance evaluation are the purposes of this study. Then, developed method is applied to rank the 5 actives organizations in boat industry.

This applicable study was done as a descriptive-analytic procedure. Graduates of HSE related fields with career in HSE performance evaluation are the statistical population of this research. The number of samples was 8 experts that according to the sampling method - nonprobability, purposive (or judgmental) and convenience - was in correspondence with the purpose of this paper. To incorporate the experts' knowledge and experience in presenting their opinion, we weigh the experts based on their educational background, HSE experience and HSE performance evaluation and determine their significance coefficients and incorporate these coefficients into the data extracted from the questionnaires. ISO 14001 : 2015 (Environmental Management Standard) and ISO 45001 : 2018 (Occupational Safety and Health Management) standards and collegiate related courses – industrial safety engineering, occupational hygiene engineering and environment engineering/management - were basement to identify the HSE-MS criteria and indicators. After identification, in order to quantify HSE-MS performance evaluation, some measures were determined and made available for experts. Then, experts weighted them which weighting using FAHP approach with EA method. Finally, performance evaluation of HSE-MS is done by Taxonomy method in 5 actives organizations in boat industry. All experts have experience in the field of HSE performance evaluation. According to the content, approach and goals of the research, the data collection tool is a questionnaire. As ISO 14001 : 2015 (Environmental Management Standard) and ISO 45001 : 2018 (Occupational Safety and Health Management) standards are used to identify indicators and indicators are derived from standard clauses and each standard clause represents a specific topic, so each indicator exclusively represents one of the standard clauses. This is also indicative of the validity of the indicators.The properties of a suitable criterion can be divided into two categories: inner and outer. Internal characteristics are related to the components and internal dimensions of a criterion, while external features refer to the type of relationship between the criteria. A good criterion should have features such as: quantitative, valid, representative, minimal variability of performance measurement results under the same conditions, sensitive to change, cost-effective, understandable to most users Considering the inner and outer criteria while selecting the features will lead to a comprehensive selection that will prevent the selection of additional indefinite features along with full coverage of the HSE-MS dimensions and elements. Based on ISO 14031 : 2013 (Environmental Performance Assessment Standard), we considered two types of managerial and operational indicators for the comprehensiveness of HSE-MS performance evaluation. We determined managerial indicators according to the ISO 14001 : 2015 (Environmental Management Standard) and ISO 45001 : 2018 (Occupational Safety and Health Management) and also operational indicators are set based on key courses of HSE related academic disciplines. To quantify the performance evaluation of the HSE-MS, we need to use quantitative indicators or in other words we should apply a measure for this purpose. The researchers suggested two measures in the HSE Qualitative Questionnaire for each indicator and experts had to select one of the two measures or introduce another one. In terms of weight of experts, the final measure is selected for each feature. In order to determine the effect or weight of each of the indicators on the performance evaluation of HSE-MS, we need to determine a method for weighting. Accordingly, the fuzzy analytic hierarchical process approach was developed to determine weight of the indicators. According to the selected method, a questionnaire called pairwise comparison matrix of indicators / measures was given to the experts based on triangular fuzzy numbers to determine each of the pairwise comparisons between the indicators according to the fuzzy linguistic expression.

By reviewing the literature and receiving expert’s opinions, 10 general criteria and 54 indicators were identified so that the total number of identified management performance criteria and indicators are 7 and 28 respectively and also total number of identified operational performance criteria and indicators are 3 and 26 respectively. Management performance criteria include organizational environment, leadership, planning, support, operations, performance evaluation and improvement. Operational performance criteria include safety, health and environment. Nonetheless, the total weight of management and operational performance criteria is 40.5 and 59.5 respectively. Despite the higher number of management performance criteria, weights and importance of operational performance criteria for assessing HSE-MS performance is much more. Three operational performance criteria have largest weights based on experts’ opinions. The three operational performance criteria are assigned the highest weight followed by the management performance criteria. Among the management performance criteria, the improvement criterion is with the highest weight and the criterion of the organizational environment is with the least weight. Also, among the 54 identified indicators, the first six indicators (include product, particles, gases / vapors, machinery and equipment safety, biologically permitted hazardous agents, general safety (5S)) with the highest weight are all operational performance indicators and the last six indicators (include partnership, consultancy, organizational roles, responsibilities and organizational authorities, planning actions to achieve HSE objectives, internal audit, procurement and communications) with the lowest weight are management performance indicators. The obtained results using integrated method revealed that the organization 1 in boat industry has been placed in the top lists. Also, the results showed an influence of indicators weight on ranking of organization that considering this issue in performance evaluation of organizations especially in HSE-MS is the suggestion of this research.

While confirming the need for management and operational performance indicators to realistically evaluate the HSE performance of industrial organizations, this study emphasizes that the weight of operational performance indicators is higher than that of management - despite the higher number of management performance indicators. Obtained results showed that the integrated fuzzy analytical hierarchy process and Taxonomy methods can be used to evaluate the performance of Health, Safety, and Environment - Management System successfully. It seems that, performance evaluation with multi criteria decision making methods with employee's collaboration can increasingly leads to effectiveness in using HSE-MS. In order to improve the HSE performance of industrial organizations, the implementation of the relevant standards, including ISO 14001 : 2015 and ISO 45001 : 2018, must be such as to ultimately eliminate, reduce or contain safety hazards, adverse health factors and environmental consequences.

Hospital information systems play an important role in improving coordination between different sectors of a hospital and increasing the efficiency of its managerial processes. Despite great advantages of these systems, many hospitals have encountered some obstacles at the implementation stage that deviate the systems from their primary goals. These events caused the hospital information systems to fail. The aim of this paper is to present a model for identification of these events and categorize them and finally prioritize them in order to manage or hinder their occurrence.
Firstly, by reviewing the related literature, we identified the risks that possibly can occur in this area. After extracting the risks, their consequences have been quantified by means of expert judgment. Experts were selected from Milad hospital. Then the risk's priorities have been determined by applying fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The reliability and the validity of the related questionnaire have been determined
Between four identified factors, the highest scores were related to the managerial factors with the weight of 0.84 while the organizational factors gained the lowest score by the weight of 0.01. After multiplying the probability of each risk factor to its consequence, the priorities changed.
Employing qualified personnel in the field of health information systems, providing necessary trainings to them and preparing technical infrastructure before the implementation of the system along with the assignment of the required resources, and paying special attention to interpersonal relationships are very crucial in the reduction of failure risk of hospital information system implementation project.

To evaluate heat stress in the workplace different indices are used. But, none of these measures have been widely accepted. The aim of this study was to determine effective criteria in selecting a heat stress index and weighting of these criteria.
Material and This study is a qualitative study that was designed and conducted within 10 stages. In the current study, effective criteria for choosing a heat stress index was determined by using Delphi technique and expert’s opinions (30 people), and then the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was used for weighting and prioritization of these criteria.
Analyzing the completed questionnaires by the experts and according to the percentage of respondents, 11 criteria were finally selected. “Simplicity” criteria by %76.6 had the highest percentage of response. But, the relative weight of this criteria was 0.041, and had the lowest weight after the “low cost” criteria. The criteria relating to the “Standard” item was 0.141as the highest relative weight.
It can be concluded that the first step to have a reliable and accurate measurement is to choose a proper and correct index. Based on specialists and expert’s opinions, standardization of the index is the most important selection criteria. Other criteria that must be considered were accuracy, reliability and good correlation with the physiological strain indices.

Information and communication technology has changed the traditional role of teachers and learners. It’s important to detect factors influencing e-teachers’ role to improve their performance more than ever. So in this study we identified and prioritized factors influencing e-teacher’s effective performance. In this descriptive study، 15 e-learning experts from Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected through purposeful sampling. Having focus group sessions held، their viewpoints about main factors affecting e-teacher’s performance were collected. In order to collect the views toward the significance of each criterion، a questionnaire was developed regarding the main criterion and its subordinates in which there was a comparison table for each criterion. Then Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process decision making was used for prioritizing and weighting factors (ie.، criteria). Totally 5 factors influencing e-teachers’ performance were extracted. The factor of professional knowledge had the highest weight (0. 28) was recognized as the most important factor. This factor did not have any subordinate. Technology with the lowest weight (0. 137) was identified as the least important factors affecting e-teacher’s performance. Factors (and their most important subordinates with the highest coefficients) were as follows: skillfulness in e-teacher role playing (mastery in pedagogy)، technology (mastery in information technology)، management (management of virtual classroom)، and personality factor (interest in virtual training). In order to select an e-teacher and develop his capabilities، it must be considered that IT expertise is of the least importance and teachers who encompass factors such as professional knowledge and are able to act as an effective teacher، are also able to act as a successful e-teacher.