جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « integration » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Persistent detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in individuals who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains an unexplained phenomenon warranting further study. Recent research suggests that this RNA could be the result of transcription from an integrated SARS-CoV-2 genome.

 This study aimed to investigate the presence of the DNA form of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from COVID-19 patients with prolonged viral detection.

 We examined the presence of the reverse-transcribed viral genome in samples from eighty COVID-19 patients, including 40 outpatients (group 1), 40 hospitalized patients (group 2), and 40 healthy individuals (group 3), using a TaqMan® based real-time RT-PCR assay.

 The mean ages of groups 1, 2, and 3 were 36.1 ± 11.0, 61.6 ± 18.4, and 39.0 ± 8.7, respectively. The molecular tests did not detect viral DNA forms, which may be produced during the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, in the examined samples.

 Although no evidence of integrated viral DNA was found in this study, further research is essential to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence in recovered COVID-19 patients.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 1 billion people (approximately 15% of world population) live with disability. Also, about half of these people lack access to healthcare facilities. Therefore, providing timely healthcare services, especially rehabilitation, is of great significance for these people. The goal of the study was to determine the objectives and policies in the field of rehabilitation in middle- and high-income countries and compare them with Iran.

Based on available databases, a comprehensive review of documents, papers, and books was performed in the field of rehabilitation related to high- and middle-income countries. 

Due to a lack of coordinated services, inappropriate access, unplanned distribution, unclear service delivery levels, neglect of health promotion and prevention levels, lack of a transparent referral system, unclear insurance system, and weak financial resources, the need for a national program with a service integration approach is strongly felt. The review of the rehabilitation programs and documents in other countries help us to design a conceptual framework of the rehabilitation service model, which is based on three principles: Removing barriers and developing access to healthcare services and programs; strengthening and developing rehabilitation using technology, community-based support, and rehabilitation services; and promoting comparable international data collection on disability and supporting research on disability and related rehabilitation services.

Conclusion:

 The national rehabilitation program, with a service integration approach, provides a good platform for fair access to rehabilitation services for all people with disability. In this program, the health system is the most important reference to meet these needs. Therefore, it is suggested that this program pursue three main objectives Fair promotion of the healthcare services of rehabilitation for recipients, improving the response to the needs of rehabilitation service recipients, and reducing the financial and social risks of service recipients.

Context: 

The integration of ChatGPT and e-health literacy, as an innovative approach to improving the accessibility and quality of healthcare services, offers the potential to strengthen access to health information and health decision-making. This integration helps individuals understand, analyze, and interpret health information more deeply while building a broad health profile. However, the potential risk of ChatGPT misdiagnosing diseases or providing inaccurate information could cause misleading guidance and prevent users from accessing information. Moreover, a ChatGPT-based system could restrict individuals’ capacity to supervise and decipher their health records. Thus, while the integration of ChatGPT and e-health literacy holds promise to improve the accessibility and quality of health services, adverse aspects, such as the risk of providing misleading information and reducing user autonomy, should also be considered.

Evidence Acquisition: 

This study provides insight into the potential, challenges, andprospects of integrating ChatGPTande-health literacy into health services. Thus, the implication of the integration and the development of strategies for helping users better manage their health information can be explored in greater depth. Related articles on the topic were reviewed from the literature, and the results were interpreted.

The integration of ChatGPT with eHealth literacy harbors significant potential for substantially enhancing the accessibility and quality of health services. Using ChatGPT in health services can increase eHealth literacy, especially in health information access and health-related decision-making processes.

In conclusion, the integration of ChatGPT and eHealth literacy carries considerable potential to improve the accessibility and quality of health services. This integration allows individuals to comprehend health data more efficiently and interpret the results more accurately.

The integration of research and teaching in medical education offers numerous benefits, fostering critical thinking and analytical skills in students. Institutions worldwide have recognized the significance of this nexus and have implemented initiatives to link teaching with disciplinebased research, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration. This article aims to explore the challenges and recommendations for integrating research and teaching in medical schools and provide recommendations to overcome these challenges.

We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature to identify the common challenges faced by medical institutions in integrating research and teaching. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and Google Scholar databases were searched to assess the literature that met the study objectives with explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria. We also examined successfulstrategies employed by some institutions to promote researchteaching integration.

The challenges identified include limited resources, the need to balance research and curriculum requirements, and the importance of cultivating a research-oriented institutionalculture. Successful strategies involve curriculum updates, faculty motivation, and cross-disciplinary collaboration. Implementing strategies involve vertically and horizontally integrating researchmethodology throughout the undergraduate curriculum and crossintegrating traditional medical courses with other disciplines. Collaboration between universities, enterprises, and schools canenhance comprehensive cooperation.

To create a research-oriented learning environment, medical institutions should address these challenges and implement effective strategies. This approach will not only nurture researchoriented healthcare professionals but also advance medical knowledge for the benefit of patient care. By addressing these challenges and implementing appropriate strategies, medicalinstitutions can create a research-oriented learning environment, nurturing research-oriented healthcare professionals and advancing medical knowledge to improve patient care.

In  new clinical preparatory course of general medicine of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, topics of surgery, pediatrics, psychiatry, infectious, neurology, pharmacology, and pathology were integrated. This study was conducted to investigate the satisfaction of professors and students of new course of clinical preparations.

This was a cross-sectional study in 2021-2022. 173 students and 43 professors  participated. Collection tool was a questionnaire which measured the satisfaction of professors and students with new clinical preparation course. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18 at  significance level of p<0.05.

Average score of satisfaction of professors and students with the new course was 34.97 ± 2.65 and 42.58 ± 15.2, respectively which was average. Professors and students were most satisfied with the integration of pharmacology and pathology. Students were least satisfied with the facilities of the clinical skills center and appropriateness of the amount of material with time. The grade point average of the new course of clinical preparations was significantly higher than basic sciences (P<0.001). But it had an inverse relationship with students' satisfaction (r=-0.169, P=0.026).

Professors' and students' satisfaction with clinical preparation course was moderate. The highest satisfaction was regarding  integration of pathology and pharmacology. The limitation of clinical facilities and inadequacy of the materials with the time caused dissatisfaction of the students, which needs to be revised. Considering the increase in the grade point average of the clinical preparation course and the change in the way of holding exams, more studies are suggested for confirmation.

The National Mental Health Services (N-MHSs) in Iran was integrated with Primary Health Care (PHC) in 1988. This study aimeds to analyze the policy of integrating N-MHSs in PHC, focusing on the analysis of the current situation, pathology, and the existing challenge.

This qualitative research was conducted in 2020 using a case study approach. This study used the policy triangle model to analyze the policy. The required data were collected via interviews, literature review, and document analysis. The interviews were conducted with 23 experts, stakeholders across the country who were selected through purposive sampling, and the data were analyzed using the content-analysis method.

The main goals of this policy were to raise mental health literacy among the people and eliminate its stigma in the society, while implementing the referral system for N-MHSs. Twenty weaknesses were extracted in eight areas, including negative views of mental health, weaknesses in human resource training, compensation for the service of psychologists, unfavorable working conditions of the workforce, inappropriate service delivery facilities, lack of meaningful communication between different levels of service delivery, poor inter-sectorial communication, and the challenging nature of mental health care. De-stigmatizing psychological disorders in the society and identifying hidden patients are some of the most significant achievements of this policy.

Despite the successful implementation and significant achievements in integrating N-MHSs in PHC, the results of the present study indicate that there are many challenges in this field that require serious planning and attention from relevant authorities.

Integrated teaching in undergraduate medical curriculum aims to support meaningful learning to the students as it provides relevance to basic sciences in clinical practice, by matching learning with the way knowledge is to be used. This review aimed to highlight the pros and cons of integrated teaching in undergraduate medical curricula with proposed solutions.

This was a brief review that was conducted by searching the database of PubMed with the keywords, Competency-based, Medical curriculum, Undergraduate, and Integration, from the year 2010 to 2022.

The search resulted in a total of 34 articles. Sixteen articles were excluded because the target audience was not medical. Thus a total of 18 articles are compared and tabulated. Most of the reviews and studies highlighted that integrated teaching reinforces and breaks the complexities of the students in understanding the practical knowledge required to develop a professional dedication to the care of the patients and make them lifelong learners. Major challenges discussed are duration, special training for facilitators, and preparing an elaborate module with specific learning objectives.

The review highlights that integrated teaching has multiple benefits that are essential for a better understanding of the subjects and the academic performance of the students. However one must also acknowledge the existence of various challenges encountered at different levels of implementation and the proposed solutions that are addressed in this review.

Didactic lecture is most commonly used method to teach medical students in Family and Community Medicine. However, considering its demerits and the need to integrate theoretical knowledge into practice, the objective of this paper is to review the contribution of role play in medical education and to propose it’s applications to deliver healthcare services in community more effectively.

Research studies on role play were searched in PubMed, Google scholar, Google using terms role play, medical education, community medicine, family medicine, health promotion, awareness during the period between January 2000 up to December 2021 to evaluate the potential and contribution of role play in medical education and health promotion.

Review of role play and related researches were included to analyze the outcome. The outcomes of different studies analyzed were showing several teaching methodologies used in medical field. Several studies have tested role play in other medical specialities and have found it to be a powerful educational tool. However, not many studies have tested its effectiveness to educate students in Family and Community Medicine although it could have immense practical applications like demonstrating and creating awareness in the community about the importance of cancer screening, breast feeding, immunisation, food fortification, genetic screening, premarital counselling, ante natal checkups, danger signs in pregnancy.

Role play simulates real scenarios enabling students to apply their skills and knowledge into practice in real time. It can integrate theory concepts into practice. Hence, it must be introduced in medical curriculum to achieve the objectives of teaching and learning more effectively.

This study investigated the effect of change in postural stability after applying static load during internal perturbation among professional athletes with and without anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery.

The participants of the present study were 20 athletes with sixteen months post ACL reconstruction surgery and 20 healthy matched athletes. Each participant performed transitional tasks from double limb stance to single leg stance (SLS) and again to double limb stance on the force plate before and after the application of 10 minutes of constant loading. Area, fore-after range (the meaning of fore-after is anterior-posterior and in articles, this term has been used instead of anterior-posterior) range fore-after (Rfa), range sideway (Rsw), mean velocity (Mv) and confidence ellipse (Ce) of the center of pressure were measured.

Rsw (P=0.009) and area (P=0.009) in response to static loading in the healthy group showed a decrease and an increase of area (P=0.009) in response to static loading in the ACLR group was seen on the double limb stance phase. Mv (P<0.001) and area (P<0.001) were bigger in the ACLR group after static loaded on the integration phase.

Decreased capacity of passive structures to maintain postural stability against perturbation was observed due to positional change among athletes with a history of ACL reconstruction surgery.

University training for committed and specialized human resources is not provided only through specialized skills training; graduates in any field need high quality soft skills for fulfilling the requirements of the community, so the proper integration of such skills into the curriculum of that profession is essential. Given the significance of soft skills in the success and quality of dentistry and lack of attention to soft skills training in basic sciences courses, the present study aimed to identify the requirements of the process-oriented integration of soft skills training in basic sciences courses of dentistry.

The present qualitative study employed a semistructured interviewing technique for data collection. The research population consisted of 39 basic sciences faculty members at Isfahan and Mazandaran Universities of Medical Sciences and education experts selected by a purposive sampling technique. The content analysis method was used to analyze the data.

For the process-oriented integration of soft skills in basic sciences courses, the current study identified four central requirements: providing background conditions (provision of socio-cultural contexts in society; development of educational and evaluation platforms in pre-university courses), providing professionalism (development of professionalism in the doctoral course of basic medical sciences; improvement in the model of faculty members), providing conditions for changing the curriculum (modification of curriculum and objectives in the basic sciences courses in dentistry; development of the attitude and knowledge of basic science faculty members towards soft skills training), and providing conditions for university pedagogy (provision of interactive and communication conditions; benefitting from diverse and appropriate learning activities; development of faculty members’ pedagogical abilities).

Medical sciences curriculum planners can integrate the soft skills of dentistry in the basic science courses of the field by providing the conditions for the identified requirements.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third common cause of malignancy in Iran, and its incidence rate has been raised due to an increase in individual and environmental risk factors.

The present study aimed to define the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in CRC, then by drawing a phylogenetic tree, we aimed to analysis the sequences of isolated HPVs, and finally determine the viral genome physical status for HPV-16.

A nested-PCR (nPCR), direct sequencing, and INNO-LiPA HPV genotyping assay were carried out for HPV detection, and a quantitative real-time PCR assay (qRT-PCR) was conducted for the physical status of the viral genome.

Among 157 subsets, there were 66 cases and 91 controls. Moreover, 5.7% (9/157) were HPV positive by nPCR, among whom 9.1% (6/66) were cases and 3.3% (3/91) were control groups (P = 0.750). The qRT-PCR analysis showed three forms of integrated, episomal, and mixed forms in our three HPV-16 strains. A higher rate of HPV infection was detected in the CRC cases; however, it was not statistically significant.

Although there were limited positive results, higher ages (> 65) were related to HPV involvement and CRC outcome. Furthermore, 9.1% of the CRC cases were infected with HPVs. The HPV-16 genome integration is observed in high-grade cancer cases with severe malignancy in CRC patients.