جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « pregnant women » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Estimating the prevalence of food insecurity among vulnerable sub‑groups, especially pregnant women, is significant. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women and to determine its related factors.

This study constitutes a systematic review and meta‑analysis of cross‑sectional studies involving pregnant women, published between January 2000 and September 2022, in English and Persian on seven databases. Finally, 14 studies were analyzed and synthesized, with the results presented in the form of forest plots. Heterogeneity was investigated using the I2 index and the meta‑regression to evaluate variables suspected of causing heterogeneity. Statistical analysis and synthesis were performed using Stata‑16.

The pooled prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women was 45% (95% confidence interval: 37–54%). In a multi‑variable meta‑regression model, p </em>values were significant for the year of data collection and the type of the questionnaire. The adjusted I2 and R2 indices were estimated at 84.47 and 51.46%, respectively. The prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women has been estimated at half a million.

Given the high prevalence of food insecurity among pregnant women in Iran, we propose the inclusion of food insecurity screening for this vulnerable demographic within the primary healthcare package. Additionally, we advocate for the allocation of food subsidies to pregnant women confronting food insecurity.

Gaining insight into the obstacles holding women from engaging in physical activity during pregnancy is crucial for planning future interventions to enhance their physical activity during this period. This research aims to identify barriers to physical activity among pregnant women using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach. The study protocol is explained in this article.

This research employs an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The project will be implemented in two separate phases. In the first phase, a quantitative cross-sectional study will be conducted on 358 eligible pregnant women aged 18-45 years living in Babol City, Iran. Quantitative data collection will involve using the barriers to physical activity during pregnancy scale (BPAPS) and questionnaires gathering demographic and obstetric data. The qualitative investigation will employ individual semi-structured interviews utilizing a content analysis approach. Ultimately, incorporating qualitative data will inform the interpretation of quantitative findings.

The results will be presented in alignment with the study objectives. Initially, the mean score of BPAPS and its subscales, along with the correlation between demographic and obstetric variables, will be reported. Subsequently, the qualitative phase will encompass the reporting of categories and the main themes. Finally, the quantitative phase findings will be interpreted, incorporating insights gained from the qualitative phase.

Since regular physical activity during pregnancy has many benefits for maternal and fetal health, the study’s findings after its implementation can play a vital role in strategic planning to address women’s false beliefs and misconceptions regarding physical activity during pregnancy. In addition, this study will contribute to designing interventions to remove barriers to physical activity and encourage it in pregnant women, hence improving their overall health and well-being during pregnancy.

 Quality of life (QoL) of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the fundamental issues and public health challenges. This study examines the QoL among pregnant women with GDM through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

 A search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and the Web of Science databases for articles published until Jan 30, 2024. Manual searches of gray literature, Google Scholar, reference checks, and citation checks were conducted. The JBI’s Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies was utilized to assess the quality of the articles’ reporting. The random model implemented in Stata software (version 16; Stata Corp.) was utilized to conduct the meta-analysis.

 Among the 516 studies obtained from the literature, only 15 were deemed suitable for inclusion. Most studies (73.3%) were conducted in nations with high-income levels. Additionally, general QoL was assessed in most studies (11 studies). The SF-36 and WHOQOLBREF questionnaires were the most often utilized. Based on the SF-36 measure, there was no statistically significant difference in the QoL of patients with GDM compared to the control group in most of dimensions. The WHOQOL-BREF instrument was utilized to estimate the QoL score at 49.69. The EQ-5D-5L tool revealed a difference in QoL scores between the GDM and control groups (MD=-7.40). The research findings were highly heterogeneous. The median evaluation score for the reporting quality of the articles was calculated to be 5, with a mean of 4.8 out of 7.

 The results of the present study showed that GDM reduces the QoL of pregnant women, especially in terms of mental and social health. Therefore, interventions and support programs should be designed and implemented to improve these women’s QoL.

Stunting can be prevented by early detection when the mother is pregnant. Early detection can be carried out by looking for risk factors of stunting during pregnancy so that interventions can be early detected. This study aims to assess complications during pregnancy (disease and infection) and risk factors associated with stunting.

The type of research was observational analytic with a case‑control design on 450 mothers who were selected with simple random sampling (150 mothers who have stunting babies aged 0–2 months and 300 mothers who have not stunting babies aged 0–2 months in Malang Regency, Indonesia. This study used secondary data by looking at medical records, namely, laboratory examinations in the mother’s book and cohort records at the public health center. This study was conducted from December 2021 to August 2022. Bivariate analysis with Chi‑square and multivariate logistic regression was carried out to determine the variables that most influenced the incidence of stunting.

The results of multivariate analysis with logistic regression of maternal complications during pregnancy, which are a risk as a factor causing stunting, are Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) (Odds Ratio [OR]: 6.36; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.97–13.62), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) accompanied by pneumonia (OR: 5.12; 95% CI: 1.87–14.052), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (OR: 4.63; 95% CI: 1.10–19.59), hepatitis B (OR: 3.97; 95% CI: 1.253–12.565), pre‑eclampsia (OR: 3.88; 95% CI: 1.81–8.30), and heart disease (OR: 3.373; 95% CI: 0.99–11.40).

After recognizing the maternal factors that cause stunting, intervention should immediately be carried out on pregnant women with diseases (pre‑eclampsia and heart disease) and infections (STI, COVID‑19 + pneumonia, HIV/AIDS, and hepatitis B) to prevent stunting early.

 Hormonal changes during pregnancy may act as a modifying factor of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, being reported as a potential risk factor of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study was accomplished to investigate the level of periodontal disease in pregnant women and to identify associated risk factors in a population of pregnant women in Kashan in 2017.

 A total of 128 pregnant women in the second and third trimester of pregnancy were recruited. Demographic data, oral health behaviors and socioeconomic status were determined by using a standard questionnaire. The periodontal condition was evaluated by Community Periodontal Index (CPI), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) and Bleeding on Probing (BOP) indices.

 The mean (standard deviation) age of the samples was 24.35 (3.4). More than half of the participants (53.1%) were in the second trimester of pregnancy. A quarter of pregnant women had visited a dentist within the past year, of which more than 74% visit the dentist for pain or treatment. About half of the participants (50.8%) brushed their teeth daily, but only 10% of mothers had daily flossing habit. Periodontal screening is typically done using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Calculus had the highest score (49.2%) prevailing among the subjects, while prevalence of periodontitis (pocket depth>=3) was 35.2%. Pocket depth >3mm was more frequent in women with academic education, good socioeconomic status, women without history of pain, women who brush their teeth twice a day or more and women who visit the dentist  (P <0.05).

 The findings of the present study shows that all the studied factors are considered as risk factors for periodontal disease in pregnant women.

Labor pain management is a critical aspect of midwifery care and an essential purpose of childbirth‑related care. There is a need for comprehensive results on relevant non‑therapeutic methods of reducing labor pain. This systematic review and meta‑analysis study was conducted to investigate the effect of yoga practice on labor pain.

We performed a systematic literature search from SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct for relevant studies from January 1, 1990 to June 2, 2022. We selected published quasi‑randomized and randomized controlled trial studies that evaluated the effect of yoga practice on labor pain. Quality research was applied. We pooled the Standardized Mean Dfference (SMD) of labor pain in pregnant women with and without yoga practice during pregnancy using a random‑effects model at 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs).

Nine studies including 660 women were included in the meta‑analysis. Pregnant women in the yoga practice group experienced statistically significantly low labor pain at the beginning of the active phase compared to the control group (SMD: ‑1.10, 95% CI: ‑1.61, ‑0.58, p </em>< 0.001; I2 = 89%). Yoga interventions also reduced the intensity of labor pain in active (SMD: ‑1.32, 95% CI: ‑2.03, ‑0.60, p </em>< 0.001; I2 = 92%) and transition (SMD: ‑1.93, 95% CI: ‑2.87, ‑0.99, p </em>< 0.001; I2 = 92%) phases compared to the control group, respectively.

The results of the study showed that yoga practice during pregnancy reduces the intensity of labor pain in different labor phases. However, these findings should be considered cautiously due to the substantial heterogeneity between studies.

Pregnancy is a special period that brings various changes to mothers and fathers, who make an effort to adapt to pregnancy. Spousal support encourages sharing emotions during pregnancy and strengthening parental roles. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between perceived spousal support in pregnancy and prenatal attachment.

This correlational study was conducted with 323 pregnant women who applied to Osmaniye Public Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics between October 2021 and February 2022. The Demographic Information form, the Perception of Spousal Support in Pregnancy Scale (PSSPS), and the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 25) applying the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's correlation analysis, and descriptive statistics.

Based on the results,  pregnant women who received the most support from their spouses during pregnancy had a substantially higher median PSSPS total score than those who received support from other individuals (mother, sister, and spouse's mother) (P<0.05). The level of prenatal attachment increased as spousal support increased (r=0.424, P<0.001). 

Perceived spousal support of pregnant women is associated with prenatal attachment. As a result, nurses and midwives must assess the support perceived by pregnant women's spouses in the antenatal period, as well as the level of maternal-fetal attachment in healthy pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.

Cities negatively affect the environment. Urban pollution levels have risen considerably, affecting sensitive groups such as pregnant women.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between particulate matter and kidney biomarkers of pregnant women in Yazd from September to November 2023. Urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels were measured in 30 pregnant women (third trimester). The concentration of PM2.5 was estimated using the land use regression (LUR) model and 5 independent variables of road networks, distance from the city center, building density, elevation, and slope. For each mother, the mean concentration of the modeled PM2.5 was measured in multiple buffer rings drawn around her residential location. Generalized additive model (GAM) was employed to establish a relationship between PM2.5 concentrations with physiological indicators.

Average urea, uric acid, and creatinine were 18.06 ± 5.74, 3.65 ± 1.11, and 0.79 ± 0.12 mg/dL, respectively. The LUR model identified road networks and distance from the city center as critical factors contributing to increased particulate matter concentration. The GAM R2 was 0.79, 0.31, and 0.28 for urea, uric acid, and creatinine, respectively. The mean PM2.5 within a radius of 2000 m was identified as the most significant independent variable and showed an increasing impact on the renal parameters.

According to the results, reducing pollutant levels and preventing the creation of pollution hotspots via lowering road density are vital urban planning strategies to protect vulnerable groups, especially pregnant women.

 Reducing the burden of mental health disorders can be achieved by increasing mental health literacy. The purpose of the current study was to investigate mental health literacy regarding postpartum depression among pregnant women in eastern Iran.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on 277 pregnant women referred to health centers of Sarayan City (eastern Iran) in 2022. A standard health literacy questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 19.0 using independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and regression analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05.

 The mean age of participants was 20.28±1.5 years. In total, 96% had a diploma or a lower education level, and 59.6% had an average monthly income of less than 5 million Tomans. The mean total mental health literacy score regarding postpartum depression was 110.96±20.28 (score range: 31-155). The highest score was related to the attitude towards postpartum depression (3.73±0.91), and the lowest was related to the field of awareness of health services (3.09±1.36). The regression analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between mental health literacy (P<0.0001) and income (B=0.4) and education (B=0.3).

 The findings showed that the pregnant women participating in the research had an average level of mental health literacy. Since low health literacy prevents the correct understanding of health messages, it is recommended that mental health literacy should be increased and pregnant women should be empowered through education, especially mothers with lower income and educational levels.

Nocturnal awakening which potentially impairs the quality of sleep as pregnancy progresses, may result from certain night-time habits, as well as a physiological increase in the frequency of micturition, sleep apnoea, and restless leg syndrome. Resultant poor quality of sleep may have adverse fetomaternal outcomes. This study was aimed at assessing sleep quality using validated tools among pregnant women seen in a referral teaching hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted among consenting antenatal care attendees, selected via systematic random sampling technique. Interviewer-administration of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used, Data was analysed using SPSS version 24.0, with Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact and independent t-tests employed as an inferential statistic, and p-value set at 0.05. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 37.1%, with a mean PSQI score of 4.55 ± 1.54, The most affected sleep component with poor status was sleep disturbance (44.8%), followed by sleep latency (20.0%) and sleep duration (17.6%). Poor sleep quality was associated with each of the seven sleep components, grand multiparity, and perceived poor health status (p<0.05). There is a high prevalence of poor sleep quality among expectant mothers in the study location. Sleep hygiene should be incorporated into routine and follow-up ANC clinic visits, towards prevention of adverse fetomaternal outcomes.

To our knowledge, there is scant research on the use of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) method for evaluating bladder base displacement in pregnant women. The RUSI is a non-invasive and simple method that assesses the function of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) based on the movement of the bladder base.

This study aims to assess the reliability of the RUSI for the assessment of PFM function in pregnant women during voluntary muscle contractions.

In this cross-sectional study, 18 pregnant women with different gestational ages participated. The amount of bladder base displacement during PFM contraction was assessed in all women and considered an indicator of PFM function. The test re-test reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot. The percentages of standard error of measurement (SEM%) and minimal detectable change (MDC%) were also calculated.

The mean amount of bladder base displacement during PFM contraction at time points 1 and 2 was 4.89±1.43 and 4.81±1.41, respectively. The ICC was 0.989 (95% CI, 0.969%, 0.996%), which indicates excellent reliability. The Bland-Altman plot showed that all the points were within the 95% limits of agreement with no considerable trend or bias. The SEM% and MDC% were 3.09% and 8.41%, respectively.

The intra-rater reliability of the RUSI to assess PFM function in pregnant women is high, and can be useful for further studies on the PFMs in pregnant women.

Childbirth is a multidimensional process with physical, social, and psychological dimensions. Considering the increase in the cesarean rate in the country, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship of childbirth self-efficacy with attitudes toward vaginal delivery in nulliparous women.

This study is a descriptive-correlational study that is done over 323 nulliparous pregnant women attending the health centers in the city of Zahedan in 2021–2022. Sampling was done by multi-stage method (stratified, clustered and convenient). Data were collected by participants’ demographic checklist, questionnaires of childbirth self‑efficacy questionnaire of Lowe, and attitude towards childbirth questionnaire of Harmen. The data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient test, linear regression model, and multiple regression in SPSS software version 22. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The results of the Spearman test showed that there is a significant inverse linear relationship between childbirth self-efficacy and attitude toward childbirth (P=0.015), and between attitude toward childbirth and expected self-efficacy (p=0.010) and expected outcome (P=0.03). Also, based on the general linear regression model, attitude towards childbirth is predicted childbirth self-efficacy (P=0.018).

The use of appropriate strategies should be considered to increase the belief of pregnant mothers towards the ability to perform vaginal delivery and to increase the positive attitude towards vaginal delivery in prenatal education, which can be an effective step in improving the health of mother and newborn, reducing cases of elective cesarean section, and finally the health of the society.

 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and anemia are significant disorders that occur during pregnancy, potentially leading to severe complications.

 This study explored the prevalence of urinary tract infections and anemia, along with their associated factors, among pregnant women.

 A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted with 700 pregnant women attending clinics in Khash, Iran, in 2022. A self-administered questionnaire collected data on the socio-demographic and clinical factors of these women. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test in SPSS software, version 22. Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

 The prevalence rates of anemia and urinary tract infections were 63.6% (95% CI: 59.8 - 67.1) and 49% (95% CI: 45.2 - 52.7), respectively. Significant associations were observed between anemia and the number of medical care visits, smoking status, the use of iron and folic acid supplements, history of abortion, and thalassemia (P-value < 0.05). Additionally, income level, previous history of urinary tract infections, education level, and syphilis were significantly associated with UTIs among pregnant women (P-value < 0.05).

 The prevalence rates of anemia and UTIs among pregnant women are high. Consequently, standard antenatal care services, as recommended for the early identification of risk factors, should be emphasized by the Ministry of Health and its stakeholders to mitigate the high prevalence of anemia and UTIs during pregnancy and their associated complications.