جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Cardiovascular Diseases » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

This study aimed to determine postoperative cardiac and noncardiac complications and their association with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), surgical outcomes (length of hospital and ICU stays), dependence on mechanical ventilation, and mortality.

This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on pediatric patients aged 0 to 18 who underwent open or closed cardiac surgery over a 1-year period. The use of CPB support, CPB duration, cardiac surgery complexity according to the risk-adjusted classification for congenital heart surgery (RACHS-1), and demographics were examined as potential risk factors associated with an increased number of postoperative complications. The study was performed at the Children’s Medical Center, a teaching hospital affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Iran.

A total of 283 surgeries were included in our study. Seventy-six (26.9%) of the study population experienced at least 1 complication. Our analysis revealed that increased CPB durations were associated with higher odds of cardiac complications, with an odds ratio of 1.02 (P=0.002). Moreover, higher RACHS-1 levels were significantly associated with greater numbers of cardiac and noncardiac complications. Additionally, prolonged mechanical ventilation and open-heart surgery intensive care unit (OH-ICU) stays were significantly associated with cardiac and noncardiac complications. Our logistic regression analysis found no association between demographic and clinical risk factors, the number of complications, and mortality.

Postoperative complications occurred in 27% of pediatric heart surgeries. Prolonged mechanical ventilation and OH-ICU stays were significantly associated with cardiac and noncardiac complications. However, no significant association was found between postoperative complications and mortality.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant health challenge in both developing and developed nations, with unparalleled morbidity, mortality, and economic tolls. Primary prevention of CVD through lifestyle modifications has been emphasized to address this issue. Yoga, an ancient practice dating back thousands of years with roots in the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations, offers a potential solution. Hatha yoga, which includes physical movements and breathing techniques, is the most commonly practiced form today. The health benefits of yoga have recently gained attention and are being researched globally. Yoga is beneficial in both primary and secondary prevention of diseases, particularly CVD and its risk factors.
This review aims to explore the physiology of yoga, recent studies on its effect on the prevention and control of CVD, and the clinical implications of these findings.

Low protein diet plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases. However, exact role is unclear so far. We aimed to find out the effect of low protein diet on patients with cardiovascular disease.

The PRISMA guidelines were followed throughout the research project until 10th Apr 2023. MeSH phrases and Boolean operators were used to search PubMed for suitable studies. The entire estimate was expressed as a 95% confidence interval around the mean difference. The model was picked because of the discrepancies found in the research. Choi's Q test and I2 statistics were used to determine the degree of variation between experiments. The funnel plot was used to qualitatively examine the publishing bias.

Low-protein diets have a greater impact on waist circumference [-8.82 (-9.51, -8.13), P<0000.1] and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [-0.05 (-0.07, -0.03), P<0000.1] alteration than non-LPD diets, as measured by the standard mean difference (SMD). Further, significant changes were observed in weight loss [1.51 (1.25, 1.77), P<0.00001], BMI, [0.46 (0.25, 0.67), P<0.0001], change systolic [2.48 (1.20, 3.77), P=0.0002] and diastolic blood pressure [1.49 (0.72, 2.26), P=0.0002], low density lipoprotein [0.09 (0.06, 0.12), P<0.00001], triglyceride [0.52 (0.49, 0.55), P<0.00001], in non-LPD group as compared to LPD group.

The results indicated the role of low protein diet on patients with cardiovascular disease.

The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Intestinal microbial flora, known as the second gene pool of the human body, play an important role in immune function, nutrient uptake, and various activities of host cells, as well as in human disease. The microbial communities are in symbiosis with the host, contributing to homeostasis and regulating immune function and plays important role in some organ development. However, microbiota dysbiosis can lead to dysregulation of bodily functions and diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, autism, dementia, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and respiratory diseases. In this review, we discuss the recent knowledge of how microbiota links to host health or pathogenesis. We first summarize the research of how gut microbiota inherited, and the function of microbiota in healthy conditions, including their role in immune system development, bone formation and impact of bacteria on brain and behavior. Then we present the role of gut microbiome in human diseases including immune system disorders, osteoporosis and autism spectrum disorder.

 Today, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most important cause of death around the world. In this study, our main aim was to predict CVD using some of the most important indicators of this disease and present a tree-based statistical framework for detecting CVD patients according to these indicators.

 We used data from the baseline phase of the Fasa Cohort Study (FACS). The outcome variable was the presence of CVD. The ordinary Tree and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were fitted to the data and their predictive power for detecting CVD was compared with the obtained results from the GLMM tree. Statistical analysis was performed using the RStudio software.

 Data of 9499 participants aged 35‒70 years were analyzed. The results of the multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression model revealed that participants’ age, total cholesterol, marital status, smoking status, glucose, history of cardiac disease or myocardial infarction (MI) in first- and second-degree relatives, and presence of other diseases (like hypertension, depression, chronic headaches, and thyroid disease) were significantly related to the presence of CVD (P<0.05). Fitting the ordinary tree, GLMM, and GLMM tree resulted in area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.58 (0.56, 0.61), 0.81 (0.77, 0.84), and 0.80 (0.76, 0.83), respectively, among the study population. In addition, the tree model had the best specificity at 81% but the lowest sensitivity at 65% compared to the other models.

 Given the superior performance of the GLMM tree compared with the standard tree and the lack of significant difference with the GLMM, using this model is suggested due to its simpler interpretation and fewer assumptions. Using updated statistical models for more accurate CVD prediction can result in more precise frameworks to aid in proactive patient detection planning.

 The main objective of this study is to identify the risk factors of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.

 The present retrospective cohort study is part of the Pars Cohort Study (PCS). The participants were categorized as having MAFLD or not. The pattern of independent variables in patients was compared with those who did not have MAFLD. All variables were retained in the multivariable logistic regression model.

 Totally, 1862 participants with CAD were enrolled in this study. MAFLD was diagnosed in 647 (40.1%) participants. Gender, diabetes, hypertension, tobacco, opium, alcohol, age, weight, waist circumference, cholesterol, HDL, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly different in MAFLD and non-MAFLD patients. Also, the results of multivariable logistic regression show male gender (OR=0.651, 95% CI: 0.470‒0.902, P value=0.01) and opium consumption (OR=0.563, 95% CI: 0.328‒0.968, P value<0.001) to be negative risk factors of MAFLD occurrence in CAD patients. Having diabetes (OR=2.414, 95% CI: 1.740-3.349, P value<0.001), high waist circumference (OR=1.078, 95% CI: 1.055‒1.102, P value<0.01), high triglyceride (OR=1.005, 95% CI: 1.001‒1.008, P value=0.006), and high ALT (OR=1.039, 95% CI: 1.026‒1.051, P value<0.01) were positive risk factors of MAFLD in CAD patients.

 Our study found that consuming opium decreases the likelihood of MAFLD in CAD patients, since these patients have decreased appetite and lower body mass index (BMI). On the other hand, female gender, having diabetes, high waist circumference, high triglyceride levels, and high ALT levels increase the probability of MAFLD in CAD patients.

Assessing the measurable chest computed tomography (CT) scan cardiac parameters can help us evaluate cardiovascular involvement and risk stratification in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

This study investigated the measurable chest cardiac CT indices and their association with predicting outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

Patients with confirmed COVID-19 were included in the study from March up to June 2020 and underwent chest CT scans on admission. The following parameters were analyzed: The extent and pattern of lung involvement, cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), pulmonary artery to aorta ratio (PA/A), pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter through low-dose CT scan. The association between cardiac indices and patients and the extent of lung involvement outcome was evaluated by logistic regression, Cox regression, and linear regression, respectively.

A total of 176 COVID-19 patients (51.1% men and 48.9% women) were enrolled in the study. Of them, 55 patients (31.25%) died, and 121 patients were discharged (68.75%). Themeanage of participants was 64.9 ± 15.09 years. CTR > 0.49 wasmorefrequentamong deceased patients (50.9% vs. 31.4%, P = 0.018) and was associated with non-significant increases in odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) (OR = 1.75, P = 0.11; HR= 1.43, P = 0.19). Moreover, PA/A> 1 was morecommonin deaths (52.7% vs. 32.2%; P = 0.012) and significantly increased OR but not HR (OR = 1.99; P = 0.04; HR = 1.36; P = 0.26). The moderate and severe pleural effusion was noticeably associated with prolonged hospitalization (HR = 4.09, P = 0.01; HR = 3.37, P = 0.02, respectively). The IVC diameter and pericardial effusion were not significantly correlated with outcomes.

Cardiac indices in chest CT of COVID-19 patients can be accounted for the prediction of patient outcomes in the clinic, such as PA/A > 1 ratio, which increases the likelihood of in-hospital deaths.

Disasters increase the incidence of infectious and contagious diseases, non-communicable diseases, and trauma. This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of man-made disasters on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

This is a systematic review conducted following the PRISMA protocol. The population, intervention, control, outcome (PICO) framework utilized for this research is as follows: P: people with CVDs; I: various manmade disasters; C: no intervention is being compared; O: prevalence, treatment, and management of the disease. In the present study, English-language articles published until November 9, 2022 that investigated CVDs in human-made disasters were included. We conducted an extensive search in Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and SCOPUS.

The primary search of the databases resulted in 1878 articles, from which 1219 non-duplicate records. Finally, 18 articles were included; 13 studies were in the area of nuclear and atomic accidents, four studies were related to the sulfur mustard gas, and one was related tomethyl chloride.

CVDs increased in prevalence after man-made disasters, particularly among high-risk individuals. The likelihood of developing CVDs is higher with increasing dose, intensity, and duration of exposure.

Due to the fact that cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important causes of death and disability worldwide, including Iran, and considering the importance of this issue, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the distribution of heart disease risk factors and related factors in Urmia city.

The study sample included 10,000 people over 30 years of age in Urmia city, who were examined in terms of the risk of cardiovascular diseases in 2023. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select the samples. Descriptive statistics, frequency, and percentage were used to describe the findings, and data analysis was performed using SPSS 22 software.

The average age of the subjects studied was 49.19 ± 13.21 years. Furthermore, 91.2% had a risk level of less than 10%, 8.2% had a risk level between 10% and 20%, and 0.3% had a risk level between 20% and 30%, and 0.3% had a risk level above 30%. The average levels of cholesterol and FBS of risk assessed people were 177.72 ± 32.6 and 99.3 ± 32, respectively. The prevalence of people with high blood pressure was 17.2%, and diabetes was 12.2%. The average waist circumference and body mass index were calculated as 91.36 ± 10.7 and 27.8 ± 4.3, respectively.

In this study, people who were at risk of heart diseases were reported to be less than 10%, which requires the use of up-to-date and efficient models to accelerate appropriate intervention for high-risk people.

The present study was conducted to investigate the scientific contributions of Iranians in the field of cardiovascular research, as indexed in the Scopus database, using bibliometric and altmetric methods. This applied study was conducted with a scientometric approach, utilizing bibliometric and altmetric indicators. The research population consisted of the scientific works of Iranian researchers in the field of cardiovascular diseases, indexed in the Scopus database over a period of 47 years. For bibliometric analysis and the generation of co-citation, co-occurrence, and co-authorship maps, the authors employed VOS Viewer software and the bibliometrix package in the R programming language. In the final stage, articles mentioned on social media were analyzed and evaluated using an altmetric approach. The results indicated that the commencement point for the publication of documents was 1975, and there has been a steep increase in recent years. Moreover, the documents were primarily research articles out of 6853 retrieved documents, and a limited number of documents were single-authored. Other findings also revealed the co-authorship map of authors and the co-occurrence of words, highly cited authors and institutions, and highly frequent keywords, signifying the scientific collaboration of Iranian researchers with the United States and England. Altmetric analysis also demonstrated that 43.41% of documents were shared at least once on social media and had an Altmetric Attention score. Furthermore, the analysis of altmetric indices showed that Mendeley, Twitter, and News had the highest share of document mentions on social media, respectively. The findings of the study can offer valuable information to researchers, managers, and policy makers to become aware of the current state of research in the field of cardiovascular diseases and implement the necessary policies to inform society and enhance public health status.

According to availability of natural products, lower cost and less toxic effects compared to synthetic drugs make them an easy and excellent choice in the treatment of diseases. Silymarin “milk thistle” has been used for many years. Silymarin has antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. These effects are due to the addition of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, inhibition of neutrophil infiltration, and a reduction in serum malondialdehyde as an end product of myocardial lipid peroxide. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of silymarin may also have a protective role against carcinogens. Studies have shown that Silymaran can have protective effects against hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity caused by chemical agents. A notable feature is the prowess of silymarin in shielding against reperfusion injury and inflammation, sustained by its unwavering support of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions .This review provides a comprehensive survey of the potentials of silymarin in cardio-protection, nephroprotection, and hepatoprotection.

Myocardial infarction (MI) can lead to higher cellular damage, making cell‑free DNA (cfDNA) a potential biomarker for assessing disease severity. The aim of this study is to evaluate survival predictions using cfDNA measurements and assess its correlation with MI.

A direct fluorescence assay was employed to measure cfDNA content in the blood samples of participants. The inclusion criteria included patients who gave informed consent, suffering from ST‑elevation myocardial infraction (STEMI) based on established diagnostic criteria (joint ESC/ACC guidelines), between the age of 18 and 80 years old, and had elevated troponin biomarker levels. The study included 150 patients diagnosed with STEMI and 50 healthy volunteers as controls. Serial monitoring of patients was conducted to track their postdisease status. The rate of change of cfDNA was calculated and daily measurements for 7 days were recorded.

Mean levels of cfDNA were found to be 5.93 times higher in patients with STEMI compared to healthy controls, providing clear evidence of a clinical correlation between cfDNA and STEMI. Patients were further categorized based on their survival status within a 90‑day period. The study observed a strong predictive relationship between the rate of change of cfDNA during daily measurements and survival outcomes. To assess its predictive capability, a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed. The ROC analysis identified an optimal cutoff value of 2.50 for cfDNA, with a sensitivity of 81.5% and specificity of 74.0% in predicting disease outcomes.

This study demonstrates a robust association between cfDNA and STEMI, indicating that cfDNA levels can be a valuable early prognostic factor for patients. Serial measurements of cfDNA during early disease onset hold promise as an effective approach for predicting survival outcomes in MI patients.

There is a concern regarding the relationship between biodemographic parameters at different ages and the size of inferior vena cava (IVC) and the collapsibility index (CI). Due to the lack of normative data on these parameters in children, we aimed to use ultrasound to determine the mean sizes of IVC in healthy children and calculate the CI.

In this analytical cross-sectional study, we measured the IVC diameter in euvolemic children aged four weeks to 12 years. The maximum IVC diameter was recorded during the exhalation phase of the respiratory cycle, while the minimum diameter was recorded during the inhalation phase using M-mode. Additionally, we calculated the CI by dividing the difference between the maximum and minimum IVC diameters by the maximum diameter.

In this study, 534 euvolemic healthy children with a mean age of 6.77±3.22 years were assessed. The mean diameter of the maximum IVC during exhalation was 5.26±4.70 and the mean diameter of the minimum IVC during inspiration was 2.96±2.89 mm. The mean CI in the present study was 0.5±0.13. Ultrasound measurements of IVC diameter during exhalation, unlike IVC diameter during inhalation, were positively correlated with age, weight, and height. The mean IVC and CI had a direct and significant correlation with biodemographic parameters, such as age, height, weight, and body mass index.

Evaluating intravascular volume status holds significant clinical relevance, particularly in pediatric patients. Utilizing ultrasound to assess the IVC allows for swift and noninvasive analysis of an individual’s hemodynamics, impacting clinical decision-making positively. Establishing normative IVC measurements in healthy and euvolemic children can serve as valuable reference data for clinicians and help them accurately assess fluid status in unwell pediatric patients.

We aimed to study the rate and trends of the incidence of chronic cardiovascular diseases in urban and rural areas of the northern regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) from 2015 to 2020.

The retrospective data were analyzed using modern methods of biomedical statistics. We used the Electronic Register of Dispensary Patients (2015-2020), where we conducted a retrospective study and trend calculations. The study included patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (according to the International Classifier of Diseases-10, the following nosologies were identified: I25 chronic coronary heart disease and its nosological forms (I25.0-I25.9), and patients by age categories, consisting of dispensary registration in polyclinics of the northern region of the RK.

For 2015 - 2020 in the northern region (urban and rural) of RK, 12,315 patients were registered, who were on dispensary records for the chronic CVD. This amounted to 87.3% of urban residents, and 12.7% of rural residents. The share of patients with chronic CVD in the northern region of the republic by age groups had a bimodal growth pattern with the first peak at the age of 60-74 (40.4%) and the second - at the age of 45-59 (37.7%).

This study notes an increase in chronic CVD, both in urban and rural areas of the northern region of the RK. This once again proves the need for the development, implementation and use of modern tools in the provision of medical services to cardiological patients at the outpatient level, taking into account the characteristics of the northern regions of our country.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Vitamin D levels and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) such as myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and angina. Data for this cross-sectional study were collected as part of the Neyshabur Longitudinal Study on Ageing (NeLSA) between 2016 and 2018. The effect of Vitamin D on CVDs was analyzed in conjunction with socioeconomic and medical history variables. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test and logistic regression in the R. Vitamin D levels were evaluated in 3414 participants (1527 men and 1889 women), with over two-thirds of participants showing insufficiency or deficiency of Vitamin D. Among them, 362 participants had self-reported diagnosed CADs. The study did not find a significant association between serum 25OH Vitamin D levels and the risk of CADs. Adjusted logistic regression revealed that male gender was a risk factor for MI (OR=4.7; 95% CI: 3.125-6), stroke (OR=1.75; 95% CI: 1.08-2.85), and angina (OR=1.6; 95% CI: 1.03-2.7). Additionally, having one or more medical conditions other than hypertension and diabetes was associated with angina (OR=7.14; 95% CI: 3.7-14.7), MI (OR=5; 95% CI: 2.97-8.3), and stroke (OR=2.7; 95% CI: 1.2-4.7). Participants aged over 70 years were more likely to experience angina (OR=2.43; 95% CI: 1.36-4.5) and stroke (OR=2.5; 95% CI: 1.35-4.5). The study revealed a high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. While the protective role of Vitamin D against CADs was not supported in this study, it does not discount the potential benefits of Vitamin D supplementation for overall health in older individuals.

Although several studies have attempted to identify coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, few have explored the association between lifestyle-related factors and the severity of coronary artery stenosis. The present study was designed to assess the association between a combination of lifestyle, dietary, cardiometabolic, psychological, and mental factors, and CAD severity in adults undergoing angiography. This cross-sectional study aimed to recruit a total of 700 patients (aged 35 to 75 years) who met the inclusion criteria and were referred for angiography between July 2020 and November 2021 to Afshar Hospital, a central heart disease hospital in Yazd city, Iran. To assess the presence and intensity of CAD, we used the Gensini and SYNTAX scores. Biochemical factors were measured using standard kits from serum samples, and extra serum and whole blood samples were retained for further analyses. Data on general information, dietary food and supplement intake, eating habits, medicinal herbs consumption, psychological and mental state, sleep quality, and other variables were gathered by trained interviewers using specific questionnaires. In total, 720 participants (444 males and 276 females) aged 56.57±9.78 years were included in the current study. Moderate to severe coronary artery stenosis was prevalent in 47.0% and 17.9% of participants based on Gensini and SYNTAX scores, respectively. The results of this study will enhance our understanding of the association between different risk factors and the severity of coronary artery stenosis.