به جمع مشترکان مگیران بپیوندید!

تنها با پرداخت 70 هزارتومان حق اشتراک سالانه به متن مقالات دسترسی داشته باشید و 100 مقاله را بدون هزینه دیگری دریافت کنید.

برای پرداخت حق اشتراک اگر عضو هستید وارد شوید در غیر این صورت حساب کاربری جدید ایجاد کنید

عضویت

جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "Cardiovascular Diseases" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

  • محسن قیاسی*، عبدالرضا دیانی
    مقدمه

    بیماری های قلبی عروقی عامل اصلی مرگ و میر در جهان محسوب می شوند. بر اساس آمار سازمان بهداشت جهانی، در سال 2022 این بیماری ها موجب مرگ نزدیک به 8/19 میلیون نفر در سراسر جهان شده است. یکی از اصلی ترین چالش های پیش رو در مدیریت این بیماری ها تشخیص زود هنگام و درمان به موقع این بیماری ها است. به طور کلی برخی از نشانگرهای مورد استفاده در حال حاضر اختصاصیت چندانی ندارند، لذا نیاز به نشانگرهای اختصاصی تری در این بیماری ها به شدت احساس می گردد. اگزوزوم ها، به عنوان یکی از ویزیکول های خارج سلولی تقریبا در تمامی سلول های یوکاریوتی تولید می شوند. این میکرووزیکول ها با یک غشای دولایه فسفولیپیدی پوشیده شده اند و پروتئین ها، اسیدهای نوکلئیک، لیپیدها و... را حمل می کنند.

    مواد و روش ها

    مطالعات انجام شده در این زمینه از طریق یک مقاله مرور روایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و مقالات موجود در پایگاه های بین المللی PubMed، Scopus و Web of Science را در بر می گیرد.

    یافته ها

    عوامل متعددی از جمله استرس، آسیب سلولی، داروها و سموم بر تولید و ترشح اگزوزوم ها تاثیر می گذارند. اگزوزوم ها نقش مهمی در ارتباطات بین سلولی ایفا می کنند و می توانند به عنوان نشانگرهای زیستی برای استراتژی های تشخیصی و پیش آگهی عمل کنند. همچنین اگزوزوم ها دارای پتانسیل درمانی هستند و به عنوان ناقل های زیستی برای ارائه داروها به شیوه هدفمند به قلب عمل می کنند.

    بحث و نتیجه گیری

    استفاده از اگزوزوم ها در تشخیص و درمان بیماری های قلبی عروقی می تواند به مدیریت بهتر این بیماری ها کمک کند، اما این کاربرد با چالش هایی در زمینه بالینی مواجه است. این مقاله به بررسی پتانسیل اگزوزوم ها به عنوان ابزاری نوین در این زمینه می پردازد.

    کلید واژگان: بیماری های قلبی عروقی, اگزوزوم, نشانگر زیستی, درمان هدفمند
    Mohsen Ghiasi*, Abdolreza Dayani
    Background

    Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are considered the leading cause of mortality worldwide. According to World Health Organization statistics in 2022, these diseases resulted in the deaths of nearly 19.8 million people globally. The early diagnosis and timely treatment are among the main challenges in managing these diseases. Generally, since some of the currently used biomarkers lack specificity; therefore, a stronger need for more specific markers in this area is felt. Exosomes, as one of the extracellular vesicles, are produced in almost all eukaryotic cells. These microvesicles are covered with a bilayer phospholipid membrane and carry proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, etc.

    Materials and Methods

    The current narrative review research included studies available in the international databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.

    Results

    Various factors, including stress, cellular damage, medications, and toxins can influence the production and secretion of exosomes. Exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communications and can serve as biological markers for diagnostic and prognostic strategies. Additionally, exosomes have therapeutic potential and act as biological carriers for targeted drug delivery to the heart.

    Conclusion

    Based on the findings obtained, the use of the exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases could aid in the better management of these conditions; however, its application may be clinically challenging. Moreover, the present study explores the potential of using exosomes as a novel tool in the medical field.

    Keywords: Biomarker, Cardiovascular Diseases, Exosomes, Targeted Therapy
  • Priyanka Arya *, Vikram Sharma, Priyanka Singh, Surabhi Thapliyal, Manu Sharma

    Despite advancements in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatments, inflammation and its repercussions continue to pose a considerable challenge in medicine. Acute inflammation may cause life-threatening conditions like septic shock, while chronic inflammation leads to tissue degeneration and impaired function. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a well-known pathogenic trigger contributing to several dysfunctions, is a crucial part of the outer membrane of gr-negative bacteria. LPS are well-known for eliciting acute inflammatory responses by activating a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), which stimulates the innate immune system and triggers local or systemic inflammatory responses. LPS also activate numerous intracellular molecules that modulate the expression of a wide range of inflammatory mediators. These mediators subsequently initiate or exacerbate various inflammatory processes. Beyond immune cells, LPS can also activate non-immune cells, leading to inflammatory reactions. These excessive inflammatory responses are often detrimental and typically result in chronic and progressive inflammatory diseases, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review delves into the mechanisms by which the bacterial endotoxin LPS contribute to multiple inflammatory diseases. These insights into LPS signaling pathways could inform the design of new treatment strategies such as TLR4, NLRP3, HMGA1, MAPK, and NF-kB inhibitors. This enables precise targeting of inflammation-related processes in disease management.

    Keywords: Alzheimer’S, Atherosclerosis, Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases, Lipopolysaccharide, Neuroinflammation, Toll-Like Receptors
  • پروشات شیروانی، بی نظیر نیکنام، ندا ایزدی، آرام حلیمی، مهدیه نیک نام*

    مقدمه عوامل مرتبط با رژیم غذایی، به ویژه چربی های دریافتی؛ از طرق مختلف بر بیماری های قلبی عروقی تاثیرگذار هستند. مطالعه حاضر از نوع مرور نقلی بوده که با هدف مرور شواهد موجود از تاثیر چربی های دریافتی بر بیماری های  قلبی عروقی و سازوکار های اثر آن، انجام شد. جستجو در پاب مد و وب آو ساینس و اسکوپوس با کلید واژه های مربوطه صورت گرفت و نتایج 16 مطالعه تا سال 2024، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته های این مطالعه نشان داد که تاثیر چربی های دریافتی بر ترکیب لیپوپروتئین های پلاسما و التهاب، دو سازوکار کلیدی در ایجاد بیماری های قلبی عروقی هستند. اسیدهای چرب اشباع و ترانس به دلیل افزایش LDL و تحریک مسیرهای التهابی، با افزایش خطر این بیماری ها مرتبط اند. از سوی دیگر، اسیدهای چرب امگا-3 با پاکسازی لیپوپروتئین های غنی از تری گلیسیرید و کاهش ایکوزانوئیدهای پیش التهابی، خطر بیماری های قلبی عروقی را کاهش می دهند. در مقابل، مصرف بیش از حد اسیدهای چرب امگا-6 و عدم تعادل بین امگا-3 و امگا-6 می تواند با ایجاد التهاب مزمن، خطر ابتلا به این بیماری ها را افزایش دهد. همچنین، اسیدهای چرب امگا-9 با القای مسیرهای آنتی اکسیدانی و کاهش تولید واسطه های پیش التهابی، به کاهش التهاب و خطر بیماری های قلبی عروقی کمک می کنند. در مجموع یافته های مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که بهبود نیمرخ لیپیدی و مدیریت التهاب از طریق تغییر در نوع اسیدهای چرب دریافتی می تواند با کاهش بار بیماری های قلبی عروقی و بهبود سلامت عمومی جامعه همراه باشد. این یافته ها می توانند به عنوان راهنمایی برای پزشکان و متخصصان تغذیه در طراحی رژیم های غذایی مناسب برای بیماران قلبی عروقی مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

    کلید واژگان: اسیدهای چرب, بیماری های قلبی عروقی, لیپوپروتئین ها, التهاب, سازوکارها, مرور نقلی
    P. Shirvani, B. Niknam, N. Izadi, A. Halimi, M. Niknam*

    Factors related to diet, particularly the intake of fats through various sources, significantly influence cardiovascular diseases. This review examined the existing evidence and the mechanisms by which dietary fats affect cardiovascular diseases. A search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using relevant keywords, and the results of 16 studies up to 2024 were analyzed. This study's findings indicated that dietary fats' impact on the composition of plasma lipoproteins and inflammation are two key mechanisms in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Saturated and trans fatty acids are associated with an increased risk of these diseases due to their role in raising LDL levels and stimulating inflammatory pathways. Conversely, omega-3 fatty acids reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases by clearing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and decreasing pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. On the other hand, excessive consumption of omega-6 fatty acids and an imbalance between omega-3 and omega-6 can increase the risk of these diseases by promoting chronic inflammation. Additionally, omega-9 fatty acids reduce inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk by inducing antioxidant pathways and decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that improving the lipid profile and managing inflammation through changes in the types of fatty acids consumed can be associated with a reduction in the burden of cardiovascular diseases and an improvement in the overall health of the community. These findings can guide physicians and nutritionists in designing appropriate dietary plans for patients with cardiovascular diseases.

    Keywords: Fatty Acids, Cardiovascular Diseases, Lipoproteins, Inflammation, Mechanism, Narrative Review
  • زهرا فرجیان زاده، محمدرضا خامی*، ارغوان تنکابنی، محمدجواد خرازی فرد، ادیبه رضایی
    مقدمه

    شیوع بالای بیماری های قلبی-عروقی در بین مراجعین دندان پزشکی لزوم آگاهی کافی در این مورد را می طلبد. هدف این مطالعه تدوین یک پرسشنامه روا و پایا برای سنجش آگاهی دانشجویان دندان پزشکی سال آخر درمورد بیماری های قلبی-عروقی بود.

    روش بررسی

    پس از طراحی 38 سوال، چهار حوزه تعیین شد و برای تعیین روایی، 7 نفر متخصص از گروه های دندان پزشکی اجتماعی (2 نفر)، بیماری های دهان (2 نفر)، جراحی فک و صورت (2 نفر) و متخصص قلب (1 نفر)، شاخص های روایی را ارزیابی کردند و سپس برای سنجش پایایی، فرم نهایی با استفاده از روش test-retest به فاصله دو هفته بین 24 نفر دانشجوی سال آخر دندان پزشکی توزیع شد و آماره کاپا محاسبه گردید.  

    یافته ها

    برای تعیین روایی کل ابزار مقدار S-CVI از رویکرد توافق کلی برابر 94.73 درصد و در رویکرد میانگین برابر 87.84 درصد شد، همچنین مقادیر I-CVI هر سوال نیز بالای 0.70 بدست آمد. در نهایت از 38 سوال اولیه، 4 سوال به علت عدم سادگی حذف شد و ضریب کاپای 34 سوال باقیمانده به جز سه سوال مقادیری بالای 0.61 بدست آمد، میانه ضریب کاپای کل نیز برابر 0.77 شد.

    نتیجه گیری

    با توجه به حاصل شدن شاخص های روایی و پایایی در محدوده مطلوب، به نظر می رسد می توان این پرسشنامه را به عنوان ابزاری مفید برای سنجش میزان آگاهی دانشجویان دندان پزشکی از بیماری های قلبی-عروقی استفاده کرد.

    کلید واژگان: پرسشنامه, روایی, پایایی, آگاهی, بیماری های قلبی-عروقی
    Zahra Farajian Zadeh, Mohammadreza Khami*, Arghavan Tonkaboni, Mohammadjavad Kharazifard, Adibeh Rezaei
    Introduction

    The high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among dental clients requires sufficient knowledge in this regard. For this purpose, we aimed to develop a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess the awareness of cardiovascular diseases among final year dental students.

    Methods

    After designing 38 questions, four areas were identified and to determine the validity, 7 specialists from the departments of Community Oral Health (2 people), Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases (2 people), Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (2 people) and Cardiologist (n=1) evaluated the validity indicators and then to measure the reliability. The final form was distributed among 24 senior year dental students two weeks apart using the test-retest method and kappa statistics were calculated.

    Results

    To determine the total validity of the instrument, the S-CVI value of the general agreement approach was 94.73% and in the mean approach was 87.84%. Also, the I-CVI values ​​of each question were above 0.70. Finally, out of the first 38 questions, 4 questions were removed due to lack of simplicity and the kappa coefficient of the remaining 34 questions, except for three questions, was obtained above 0.61, the middle of the total kappa coefficient was equal to 0.77.

    Conclusion

    With regard to desirable validity and reliability indices, it seems that this questionnaire is a useful tool to assess the awareness of dental students about cardiovascular diseases.

    Keywords: Questionnaire, Validity, Reliability, Knowledge, Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, Gordon A Ferns, Majid Ghayour Mobarhan *

    Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of metabolic abnormalities and anthropometric factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. As the search for effective treatments intensifies, attention has turned towards natural substances with potential medicinal benefits. Among them, vanillic acid, a phenolic acid present in many plants, has attracted some attention due to its wide range of biological activities. This review aimed to provide an in-depth summary of the potential therapeutic use of vanillic acid in metabolic syndrome. The potential mechanisms of action of vanillic acid, including its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic properties, are discussed. The effect of vanillic acid on glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and adipocyte activity is also addressed. The effect of vanillic acid on lipid metabolism, including the control of lipid synthesis, breakdown, and transport, is also reviewed. The emerging evidence for the beneficial effects of vanillic acid in animal models, in vitro studies, and preliminary clinical studies is also highlighted. The data suggests that vanillic acid has the potential to ameliorate metabolic syndrome. However, further preclinical and clinical research is needed to determine the specific mechanisms of action, appropriate dose, and subsequent advantages of vanillic acid. A more comprehensive understanding of the therapeutic potential of vanillic acid could pave the way for developing innovative techniques for preventing and treating metabolic syndrome and its implications.

    Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Glucose, Insulin Resistance, Lipid Metabolism, Obesity, Phenolic Acid
  • Tanqi Chen, Shengsheng Cao, Lingzhi Shen, Zhong Liu

    Introduction. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between blood pressure variability (BPV), crystalloid osmotic pressure, and cardiovascular events (CEs) in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods. This retrospective analysis was conducted on 71 patients with end-stage kidney disease who underwent hemodialysis at Beilun District People’s Hospital from September 2021 to September 2022. The patients were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of CEs: a cardiovascular event group and a non-cardiovascular event group. Results. The 71 patients were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of CEs: the CEs group (25 patients who experienced CEs) and the non-CEs group (46 patients who did not experience CEs). The CEs group had significantly higher levels of crystalloid osmotic pressure, standard deviation of systolic BP (SBP-SD), coefficient of variation of SBP (SBP-CV), SD of diastolic BP (DBP-SD), and DBP-CV (P < .05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified crystalloid osmotic pressure, SBP-CV, and DBP-CV as independent risk factors for CEs. The ROC curve analysis indicated that the combined predictive value of crystalloid osmotic pressure, SBP-CV, and DBP-CV was significant, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.963. Conclusion. Elevated crystalloid osmotic pressure, SBP-CV, and DBP-CV are critical risk factors with strong predictive value for predicting CEs in MHD patients

    Keywords: Hemodialysis, Blood Pressure, Osmotic Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Ali Soleimani, Ozra Asham *

    Elevated blood lipid levels can lead to the deposition of lipids within the vascular walls, resulting in vessel constriction. Prompt and appropriate intervention for hyperlipidemia is crucial not only to prevent the onset of coronary artery narrowing but also to hinder its progression and potentially facilitate its reversal. Many plants, including vegetables and fruits, demonstrate cholesterol-lowering properties attributed to their fiber content. This study aims to identify medicinal plants within Iranian ethnobotanical knowledge that exhibit potential efficacy in managing hyperlipidemia. This review employed reputable databases to aggregate data on phytotherapeutic species with potential efficacy in managing hyperlipidemia. A comprehensive search strategy was implemented, utilizing specific keywords such as 'medicinal plants,' 'blood lipids,' 'hyperlipidemia,' 'phytotherapy,' and 'ethnobotany' in both English and their respective translations. The selected articles underwent a rigorous screening process, adhering to criteria such as publication date within the past twelve years, unrestricted access, and substantial information on the impact of botanical species on hyperlipidemia. Based on the obtained results, it was determined that the medicinal plant's Thymus vulgare, Apium graveolens, Cichorium intybus, Fumaria officinali, Cynodon dactylon, Heracleum rawianum, Anthemis altissima, Gundelia tourneforttii, Anthriscus sylvestris, Silybum marianum, Tragopogon aureus, Trigonella foenum-graecum , Solanum nigrum, Berberis vulgaris, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cichorium intybus, Arum elongatum, Rheum ribes, Mentha spicata, and several other medicinal plants are used in different regions of Ayaran for hyperlipidemia. The use of indigenous medicinal plants from Iran in the management of hyperlipidemia, grounded in ethnobotanical knowledge, is not only historically significant but also supported by contemporary scientific research. These botanical agents can effectively lower blood lipid levels through various mechanisms, including the inhibition of lipid absorption and the enhancement of metabolic rates. The growing interest in traditional medicine and the utilization of these botanical resources has gained popularity due to their inherent advantages and reduced side effects compared to synthetic pharmaceuticals. Continued scholarly investigation in this area holds promise for the development of innovative and effective therapeutic agents derived from these plants.

    Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, Cardiovascular Diseases, Medicinal Plants, Traditional Treatment
  • Mostafa Eghbalian, Hesam Akbari, Mojtaba Norozi, Habibeh Nasab, Mazyar Karamali, Mousa Imani, Hossein Zahiri, Mehdi Raei
    Background

    It is critical to precisely assess the presence of cardiovascular (CV) risk in military personnel, in order to avoid potentially CV-events. In Iran limited number of studies have been performed on military personnel and their CV-risk. We aimed to investigate correlation between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in military personnel.

    Methods

    The present cross-sectional analytical study, analyzed the data of 559 military personnel in Tehran, Iran in 2023. The dataset sourced from the registry system. The biochemical analysis of blood samples was performed by a biomedical analysis company. The univariate regression analyses were conducted through separate univariate linear regression within the obesity group.

    Results

    The mean age of personnel was 36.58 years. Among obese personel, there was an inverse relationship between age and cholesterol β=-0.11. Moreover, hemoglobin β=-0.68 and MCH β=-0.33 were significantly related to high cholesterol, MCH is associated with risk of metabolic syndrome (β=-0.57). Moreover among obese personnel, lower uric acid levels and higher ALT levels are correlated with an increased risk of Diabetes.

    Conclusion

    The prevalence of obesity in military personnel was the same as in the general population. Diabetes, hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, obesity, and metabolic syndrome were all linked to CVD risk factors among military personnel. Although the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in military personnel was lower than their peers in other countries, other risk factors of CVD were prevalent among military personnel.

    Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases, Military Personnel, Metabolic Syndrome
  • Mahdi Haghighatafshar *, Behnaz Shekasteband, Tahereh Firuzyar, Zahra Etemadi, Farinaz Farhoudi, Mesbah Shams
    Background
    The impact of low levels of vitamin D (Vit D) on the severity of cardiovascular diseases has become a significant challenge. This study aimed to assess this impact.
    Methods
    This pilot cross-sectional study enrolled two hundred patients referred to Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran for myocardial perfusion imaging in 2019. The assessment included myocardial perfusion imaging and Vit D level evaluation. Quantitative ischemia analysis utilized Estimated Summed Stress Scores (SSS), Summed Rest Scores (SRS), and Summed Difference Scores (SDS). Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) results were categorized into normal, mild ischemia, moderate ischemia, and severe ischemia based on estimated SSS. Ischemia severity was aligned with established criteria, designating severe quantitative ischemia as SSS>13. Vit D was categorized using cutoffs at 10, 20, and 30 ng/mL. Mann–Whitney U-test was used for quantitative variables and Chi Square test for qualitative variables. 
    Results
    Chi Square test revealed a significant association between categorized Vit D levels below 10 ng/mL and severe ischemia (SSS>13) (P<0.001). Total Vit D level and also categorized Vit D with cut-offs of 10, 20, and 30 ng/mL showed no association with abnormal MPI. SSS was notably higher in patients with Vit D levels below 10 ng/mL (P=0.026).
    Conclusion
    The findings of this study emphasize an association between Vit D level below 10 ng/mL and severe myocardial ischemia, as indicated by SSS.
    Keywords: Vitamin D, Myocardial Ischemia, Cardiovascular Diseases, Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
  • Solmaz Valizadeh, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

    Context: 

    Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of mortality globally, posing unique challenges for dental practitioners. Effective dental care for these patients requires careful planning and adherence to guidelines to prevent complications such as infective endocarditis (IE), excessive bleeding, or cardiovascular emergencies during procedures.

    Evidence Acquisition: 

    This review synthesizes evidence from clinical guidelines and peer-reviewed studies on managing patients with cardiovascular conditions in dental settings. Focus areas include antibiotic prophylaxis, anticoagulant management, stress reduction, and emergency preparedness.

    Results

    Key strategies include tailored antibiotic prophylaxis, cautious management of anticoagulants, and minimizing systemic risks through procedural modifications. Dentists must also be prepared to address stress-induced complications and manage emergencies like angina or arrhythmias during procedures.

    Conclusions

    Interdisciplinary collaboration between dentists and cardiologists is essential for optimizing the safety and outcomes of dental treatments for cardiovascular patients. By adhering to evidence-based protocols, dentists can significantly enhance both oral and systemic health in this patient population.

    Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases, Dental Care, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Anticoagulants, Emergency Treatment
  • Solmaz Valizadeh, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

    Context: 

    Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition resulting from bacterial infection, has systemic implications, with one of the most concerning associations being infective endocarditis (IE). The entry of oral pathogens into the bloodstream can lead to heart infections, especially in individuals with.

    Evidence Acquisition: 

    A thorough review of studies that examine the relationship between periodontal disease and infective endocarditis was conducted. This includes research on microbiological mechanisms, bacteremia, and the epidemiological association of oral infections with heart disease.

    Results

    The findings confirm that periodontal disease increases the risk of bacteremia, which can contribute to infective endocarditis. Studies showed that endocarditis cases may be linked to oral pathogens, particularly in patients with heart risk factors such as prosthetic heart valves or a history of endocarditis.

    Conclusions

    The link between periodontal disease and infective endocarditis underlines the importance of maintaining oral health, especially for individuals at increased cardiovascular risk. Effective prevention, including oral hygiene and prophylactic antibiotics, is essential to reduce the incidence of heart-related infections.

    Keywords: Periodontal Diseases, Endocarditis, Bacteremia, Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Shohreh Nazari, Mohammadjafar Tarokh*
    Purpose

    To develop a deep learning model to predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) events based on features found in fundus images.

    Materials and Methods

    We developed a predicting model for cardiovascular diseases based on retinal fundus images using the deep learning method. We trained our model using 2,091 retinal fundus images obtained from 211 patients. Our dataset included demographic information of each person, conventional CVD risk factors, CVD risk estimated number (calculated using the Framingham method), strokes and heart attack incidents during 5 years (patients who were referred to the ICU or CCU), and retinal fundus images for each person. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to assess the accuracy of our classification model.

    Results

    Our proposed algorithm was able to identify high-risk individuals from no-risk individuals with 83% accuracy and a high confidence level (AUC = 0.91, P value < 0.0001). The results also showed that our model could predict cardiovascular events such as stroke with a probability of 72% (AUC = 0.83, P value< 0.0001). In comparing our model’s ability to predict CVD risk with the Framingham risk score, the Framingham model’s accuracy was 65 % in our dataset (with a best AUC of 0.78).

    Conclusion

    Our deep learning prediction model developed based on retinal fundus image findings to predict the risk of CVD, showed a relatively high accuracy. Its accuracy was higher than traditional prediction models like the Framingham model and comparable to other models based on fundus images for predicting CVD.

    Keywords: Prediction, Cardiovascular Diseases, Retina, Fundus Image, Deep Learning
  • Milos Stepovic, Kristijan Jovanovic, Jovana Milosavljevic, Melanija Tepavcevic, Jovana Radovanovic, Viktor Selakovic, Milena Maricic, Stefan Vekic, Marija Sekulic, Nemanja Rancic *
    Background

    According to World Health Organisation data, on the top ten causes of death in the world in 2019, ischemic heart diseases ranked first, followed by stroke and chronic respiratory diseases. This study aimed to make cross-section of the current mortality rates of indicators of circulatory diseases, ischemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, access the trends of indicators in Serbia more than two decades and to find the correlation of these observed indicators between males and females.

    Methods

    Medical indicators were taken from the publicly available Health for all databases that deals with long-term evaluation and monitoring of indicators obtained from national authorities. In this epidemiological study, following indicators were analysed: indicator of standardized circulatory diseases, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular diseases. SPSS was used for statistical analysis.

    Results

    Between 1998 and 2021 all of the mortality indicators were decreasing in Serbia. Between 2002 and 2005 observed indicators had almost constant decreasing trend. The standardized mortality for circulatory disease along with indicators for mortality from ischemic diseases and cerebrovascular disease was more prevalent among males than females,

    Conclusion

    Continuing the follow of indicators is of the great importance for public health and macroeconomic of countries. This decreasing trend in Serbia must remain constant and that can be effectively done through continuous improvement of health systems, focusing on the primary health care and conducting pharmacoeconomic studies and epidemiological studies.

    Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases, Mortality, Epidemiology, Medical Indicators, Serbia
  • Sidhi Laksono *, Hillary Kusharsamita

    Carotid atherosclerosis disease assessment can predict the patient’s risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive review of carotid atherosclerosis disease’s pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, imaging applications, and treatment strategies. Carotid atherosclerosis is diagnosed using a variety of techniques, including transcranial Doppler imaging (TCD), computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA), with duplex ultrasound (DUS) as the primary screening. Measurements of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) have drawn attention recently as a marker of early-stage carotid atherosclerosis or CVD risk prediction. The classification of cardiovascular risk may be enhanced by the expanding fields of stress testing and carotid plaque screening.

    Keywords: Carotid Atherosclerosis Disease, Carotid Stenosis, Cardiovascular Diseases, Duplex Ultrasound, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
  • Toktam Dehghani, Mojtaba Najafi Deloui, Ehsan Aryan, Zahra Meshkat, Amin Hooshyar Chechaklou, Shima Tavalaie, Naeim Haghighatdoost, Mojtaba Meshkat, Mahdieh Khoshakhlagh, Samaneh Abolbashari, Aida Gholoobi*
    Background

    Viral infections may play a significant role in the development of heart failure, especially in people with related cardiac conditions such as myocarditis. Hepatitis B and D viruses (HBV-HDV) are potentially fatal liver infections. This study examined the influence of metabolic syndrome and its associated disorders.

    Materials & Methods

    This cross-sectional study investigated hepatitis D antibody and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 239 people aged 35 to 65 years in Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran in 2018-2019. There were two study groups: those with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and healthy individuals. Serum samples of all subjects in both groups were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    Findings

    HDV infection was detected in none of the study groups. Only one patient (0.8%) in the case group tested positive for HBsAg. The average LDL (low-density lipoprotein) (p= .8) and cholesterol (p= .3) levels in terms of lipid profiles were similar in both groups. Although the mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level in the patient group was lower, the mean triglyceride level in this group was higher than in the control group. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) (p= .009) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were significantly higher in CVD patients, while 59.3% of them exhibited metabolic syndrome.

    Conclusion

    This study results demonstrate no connection between HBV/HDV infection and cardiovascular diseases. The findings confirm that metabolic syndrome and hyperglycemia are underlying factors in cardiovascular diseases. Changes in HDL and triglyceride levels could impact cardiovascular diseases more than other lipids.

    Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis D, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens, Metabolic Syndromes
  • پریسا جانجانی، مینا آقائی، ناهید صالحی، حسنا جانجانی*

    بیماری های قلبی-عروقی  به عنوان اصلی ترین عامل مرگ و میر در سطح جهان شناخته شده اند و سهم قابل توجهی از مرگ و میرها و ناتوانی ها در سراسرجهان به این گروه از بیماری ها نسبت داده می شود. با توجه به اینکه یکی از عوامل خطر بیماری های قلبی- عروقی مواجهه با دود دست دوم می باشد، در این خلاصه سیاستی راه کارهای کاهش مواجهه با دود دست دوم در جمعیت سالم و بیماران قلبی عروقی ارائه شده است. کاهش بار بیماری های قلبی-عروقی که توسط دود دست دوم ایجاد و یا تشدید می شود، و ارتقا سطح سلامت نیازمند رویکردی چندوجهی است.

    کلید واژگان: دود دست دوم, دود محیطی تنباکو, بیماری های قلبی-عروقی
    Parisa Janjani, Mina Aghaei, Nahid Salehi, Hosna Janjani*

    Cardiovascular diseases are recognized as the leading cause of death globally, accounting for a substantial proportion of mortality and disabilities worldwide.
    Given that exposure to secondhand smoke is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, this policy brief presents strategies for reducing exposure to secondhand smoke in the healthy population and cardiovascular patients.
    Reducing the burden of cardiovascular diseases caused or aggravated by secondhand smoke exposure and improving health levels requires a multifaceted approach.

    Keywords: Secondhand Smoke, Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Ceaser Wankumbu Silumbwe *, Xiaoman Ji, Wang Jin, Chernor Sulaiman Bah, Julius Mulumba, Lukundo Siame, Ming Xu

    Human group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein critical in various cellular processes. It is released in response to stress, infection, or tissue damage and acts as a danger signal, triggering immunological responses. Elevated HMGB1 levels are linked to various diseases, including atherosclerosis. This review investigated the role of HMGB1 in atherosclerosis and assessed the effectiveness of current and emerging treatment approaches that target HMGB1. Data was obtained from various indexed scientific databases. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were based on the relevance to atherosclerosis and HMGB1, the types of intervention (herbal, synthetic, and experimental compounds), the mechanism of action, and the outcome measured (inflammatory markers, cellular responses, and atherosclerotic plaque evolution). The findings present a promising future for atherosclerosis treatment, with herbal extracts, and experimental and synthetic compounds showing significant potential in preclinical studies. Herbal compounds like glycyrrhizin, ginsenosides, and mogrosides demonstrate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Synthetic drugs like metformin, statins, and sodium-glucose transporter inhibitors (SGLT2) show significant promise by modulating HMGB1 activity and related pathways. Additionally, monoclonal antibodies and specific inhibitors targeting toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and receptors of advanced glycated endpoints (RAGE) show potential for reducing vascular inflammation. Atherosclerosis is a multifaceted condition that requires a comprehensive approach, including cholesterol-lowering therapy. However, to fully harness the potential of HMGB1-targeted treatments, further research and clinical trials are necessary. These trials will be crucial in developing HMGB1-targeted therapies as effective adjuvants to cholesterol-targeting compounds in managing cardiovascular diseases.

    Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Diseases, Herbal Extracts, HMGB1, Synthetic Drugs
  • مرضیه ساعی قره ناز، مریم موسوی، شباهنگ امیرشکاری، فریدون عزیزی، فهیمه رمضانی تهرانی*
    مقدمه

    بیماری های قلبی-عروقی از مشکلات رایج سلامتی زنان به شمار می آید. شواهد نشان می دهد که میزان پرولاکتین سرم می تواند با بروز بیماری های قلبی-عروقی ارتباط داشته باشد. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین ارتباط سطح پرولاکتین با خطر بروز بیماری های قلبی-عروقی در زنان؛ انجام شد.

    مواد و روش ها

    در این مطالعه مبتنی بر جمعیت، زنان واجد شرایط از بین شرکت کنندگان مطالعه قند و لیپید تهران انتخاب شدند. برای ارزیابی ارتباط پرولاکتین و خطر بیماری قلبی-عروقی از مدل کاکس استفاده شد.

    یافته ها

    شرکت کنندگان در این مطالعه شامل 1279 زن بودند. میزان پرولاکتین تفاوت معناداری بین دو گروه مبتلا و غیرمبتلا به بیماری قلبی-عروقی نداشت (0/98=p). سن (گروه مبتلا: 7/24±36/97 سال و گروه غیرمبتلا: 7/26±31/68 سال: (0/001>p) و شاخص توده بدنی  گروه مبتلا: 4/52±28/07 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع، گروه غیرمبتلا: 4/46±26/01 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع: (0/001>p) در گروه مبتلا به بیماری قلبی-عرروقی به طور معناداری بالاتر از گروه غیرمبتلا بود. پرولاکتین با افزایش خطر بیماری قلبی-عروقی در کل جمعیت و در گروه یائسه و غیریائسه همراه نبود. در مدل تعدیل شده نیز افزایش خطر مشاهده نشد. با این حال در مدل تعدیل شده؛ در کل زنان به ازای هر واحد افزایش سن و شاخص توده بدنی به ترتیب حدود 7 درصد و 12 درصد خطر بیماری قلبی-عروقی افزایش یافت. همچنین در زنان یائسه؛ به ازای هر واحد افزایش سن و شاخص توده بدنی، خطر بیماری قلبی-عروقی به ترتیب 10 و 11 درصد افزایش یافت. تعداد زایمان در کل جمعیت نیز خطر بیماری قلبی-عروقی را 25 درصد و در زنان سنین باروری 79 درصد افزایش داد.

    نتیجه گیری

    نتایج این مطالعه ارتباط آماری معنی داری بین خطر ابتلا به بیماری قلبی-عروقی با سطح پرولاکتین سرم زنان نشان نداد.

    کلید واژگان: پرولاکتین, بیماری قلبی- عروقی, زنان
    M .Saei Ghare Naz, M. Mousavi, Sh. Amirshekari, F. Azizi, F .Ramezani Tehrani*
    Introduction

    Cardiovascular diseases are common health problems in women. Evidence shows that serum prolactin levels can be related to the development of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to determine the association between prolactin levels and cardiovascular diseases in women.

    Materials and Methods

    In this population-based study, eligible women were chosen from the participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Cox model was used to evaluate the relationship between prolactin levels and the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

    Results

    A total of 1279 women participated in this study. There was no significant difference in the prolactin levels between the two groups with and without cardiovascular diseases (p=0.98). Age (affected group: 36.97±7.24 years Vs. non-affected group: 31.68±7.26 years; p<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (affected group: 28.07±4.52 kg/m2 Vs. non-affected group: 26.01±4.46 kg/m2; p<0.001) was significantly higher in the affected group than the non-affected group. Prolactin was not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in the whole population and in the menopausal and non-menopausal groups. There was no association in unadjusted model. However, in the adjusted model, the risk of cardiovascular diseases increased by 7% and 12% for each unit of increase in age and BMI, respectively. Moreover, in postmenopausal women, the risk increased by 10 and 11% for each unit of increase in age and BMI, respectively. Also, the number of births increased the risk of cardiovascular diseases by 25% in the whole population and by 79% in women of reproductive age.

    Conclusion

    The results of this study did not show a statistically significant association between the risk of cardiovascular diseases and the serum prolactin levels in women.

    Keywords: Prolactin, Cardiovascular Diseases, Women
  • Habibollah Afshang, Reza Bidaki *

    Varenicline is a medication used to help people quit smoking when used in conjunction with education and counseling. It is the first-line treatment for smoking cessation and is available in 0.5 mg and 1 mg strength oral tablets. Varenicline is primarily eliminated via the kidney through glomerular filtration, and its excretion is via the renal route, so it is important to monitor renal function before and during treatment. Varenicline has been associated with an increased risk of new psychiatric conditions, anxiety, and mood disorders in some individuals. The use of Varenicline should be accompanied by close monitoring and careful consideration of individual patient factors. While Varenicline can be used in a wide range of patients, its use should be carefully considered in patients with heart or blood vessel disease, renal impairment, psychiatric disorder, or seizure.

    Keywords: Varenicline, Smoking Cessation, Psychiatric, Renal Failure, Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Alireza Pouramini, Fatemeh Kafi, Reza Khadivi*
    Introduction

     The Package of Essential Non-Communicable (PEN) Disease Control was implemented in the primary healthcare system to manage cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Iran. This study aimed to evaluate the status of CVD risk factor control following the implementation of the PEN.

    Methods

     This historical cohort study was conducted among 60-65-year-old residents to compare hypertension (HTN) control via mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), diabetes mellitus (DM) control via fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1C tests, hyperlipidemia control via serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and overweight and obesity via body mass index (BMI) measurement in 2016 (before the implementation of the PEN project) and 2021 (after 5 years).

    Results

     A total of 1,583 residents with a mean age of 62.32±1.70 years were included in the study. In 2021, compared to 2016, there was a significant decrease in the relative frequency of residents with high SBP from 13.7% to 9.3%, high DBP from 11.3% to 3.4%, FBS≥126 mg/dL from 25.6% to 19.7%, and BMI≥30 from 25.7% to 23.4%. Additionally, the mean DBP and the mean serum levels of FBS among all participants decreased significantly. However, the relative frequency of residents with total cholesterol≥200 mg/dL increased significantly from 11.5% to 14.2%.

    Conclusion

     Following the implementation of the PEN, the control of HTN, DM, and obesity improved among 60-65-year-old residents. However, the control of hypercholesterolemia did not improve.

    Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperlipidemias, Hypertension, Obesity
نکته
  • نتایج بر اساس تاریخ انتشار مرتب شده‌اند.
  • کلیدواژه مورد نظر شما تنها در فیلد کلیدواژگان مقالات جستجو شده‌است. به منظور حذف نتایج غیر مرتبط، جستجو تنها در مقالات مجلاتی انجام شده که با مجله ماخذ هم موضوع هستند.
  • در صورتی که می‌خواهید جستجو را در همه موضوعات و با شرایط دیگر تکرار کنید به صفحه جستجوی پیشرفته مجلات مراجعه کنید.
درخواست پشتیبانی - گزارش اشکال