به جمع مشترکان مگیران بپیوندید!

تنها با پرداخت 70 هزارتومان حق اشتراک سالانه به متن مقالات دسترسی داشته باشید و 100 مقاله را بدون هزینه دیگری دریافت کنید.

برای پرداخت حق اشتراک اگر عضو هستید وارد شوید در غیر این صورت حساب کاربری جدید ایجاد کنید

عضویت

جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "risk factors" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

  • Maryam Faramarzpour, Mohammadreza Mohammad Hosseiniazar, Laya Hooshmand Gharabagh*
    Background

    To date, the clinical implications of the long-lasting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) such as the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in the course of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are yet to be determined. The main aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between NAFLD and early LVDD progression along with demographic characteristics.

    Methods

    This cross-sectional study was performed on ninety consecutive diabetic outpatients referred to the endocrinology clinic. Demographic data were collected using a designed checklist. Ultrasound imaging was performed to assess the fatty liver condition. To assess LV diastolic function, echocardiography was performed, using a trans-thoracic tissue Doppler echocardiography.

    Results

    The results showed that the majority of participants were females (61.1%). The fasting blood glucose (FBG, mg/dl) level was 174.65 ±51.1. Also, the mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.92±4.19, which was significantly associated with NAFLD. It has been also estimated that 76.7% and 81.1% of diabetic patients had NAFLD and simultaneous LVDD, respectively. However, the statistical results did not show a significant association between non-progressive NAFLD and LVDD (p<0.05).

    Conclusion

    There was no correlation between NAFLD and LVDD progression. However, timely evaluation of LVDD in T2DM outpatients with NAFLD can strongly help to prevent possible cardiomyopathy in high-risk populations.

    Keywords: Early Diagnosis, Ventricular Dysfunction, Fatty Liver, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Risk Factors
  • Bishal Patangia*, Priyadarshini MS
    Background

    A prevalent occupational health issue that may have a detrimental effect on nurses' mental health and general well-being is musculoskeletal problems. This narrative review aimed to explore the social, economic, and personal implications of Musculoskeletal Disorder on nurses in India, and examine support, and intervention strategies available for them.

    Material & Methods

    A comprehensive literature search was conducted in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using relevant keywords related to Musculoskeletal Disorder, mental health, nurses, social, personal, support, and intervention. The inclusion criteria were articles published in English and focused the nursing workforce in India.

    Results

    A total of 15 articles were selected for review synthesis. According to the summary, nurses in India who suffer from musculoskeletal disorders deal with serious social and personal repercussions that impact their everyday life and general well-being. Musculoskeletal Disorder can lead to decreased social connections, reduced job satisfaction, and physical and emotional distress. However, limited interventions are available that address Musculoskeletal Disorder and the mental health of nurses in India.

    Conclusion

    There is a significant effect of Musculoskeletal Disorder on the mental health, quality of life, and economic well-being of nurses in India. However, limited scientific research exists exploring the prevalence and psychosocial implications of Musculoskeletal Disorder in the Indian nursing population. Consequently, additional research is essential to comprehend the scope and ramifications of this occupational health concern. To create interventions and support systems that are effective in the unique cultural and occupational context of nursing in India, it is imperative to engage in interdisciplinary collaboration.

    Keywords: Musculoskeletal Disorder, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Nurses, India
  • Kayvan Mirnia, Maryam Saeedi, Razieh Sangsari, Shadi Ghasemi Tehrani, Sepideh Rostami
    Background

    The global COVID-19 crisis has profoundly affected populations worldwide. While it is widely accepted that older individuals are at greater risk of severe illness, data indicate that in newborns and infants, the disease is generally not fatal.

    Objectives

    This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the roles of laboratory tests and clinical symptoms in determining the severity of COVID-19 infection in infants younger than three months.

    Methods

    This study included all infants less than three months old with positive PCR tests for COVID-19 admitted to the Children's Medical Center between October 2020 and March 2022. We analyzed the association between disease severity and clinical symptoms, as well as laboratory findings.

    Results

    Sixty-four neonates and infants under three months of age with COVID-19 participated in the study. Our findings suggest that lower birth weight and gestational age are associated with increased disease severity. Infants with underlying medical conditions were found to have a higher risk of reaching stage IIb or greater severity. Among laboratory and clinical findings, only white blood cell (WBC) count and cough symptoms showed a significant correlation with disease severity.

    Conclusions

    Clinical evaluations, along with factors such as birth weight, gestational age, and underlying conditions, appear more effective in guiding decision-making for COVID-19 severity in infants. Further studies are necessary to explore the influence of these factors on COVID-19 severity in this age group.

    Keywords: COVID-19, Risk Factors, Severity Of Illness Index, Patient Acuity
  • Rahem Khoshbakht, Mojtaba Khosravi*, Seyed Hani Mirzadeh, Amirmehdi Afshang, Mahsa Ashoori
    Background

    Augmenting the care of pets can have a significant effect on the transmission of microorganisms between humans and animals. Having pets creates a suitable environment for harmful microorganisms, such as intestinal pathogens, to transmit to humans in various ways. Pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Arcobacter species are of significant importance as they are the main intestinal pathogens in humans and inhabit the digestive system of various animals.

    Objective

    The purpose of this research was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Arcobacter and to explore the probable risk factors associated with bacterial infections in dogs residing in Amol.

    Materials and Methods

    In this study, 150 fresh stool samples were collected from the domestic dog population in Amol, northern Iran. To perform the test, DNA preparation and enrichment were first performed, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was then used to identify bacteria. Information about possible risk factors related to bacterial infection was collected using a questionnaire, and data analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0.

    Results

    None of the samples tested in the study were infected with Arcobacter. A total of 35 samples were positive for Salmonella, and 43 samples were positive for Campylobacter.

    Conclusion

    The study discovered the existence of harmful Campylobacter and Salmonella bacteria in the feces of dogs living with humans in Amol, northern Iran. Based on the results of the study, pet dogs can harbor harmful strains of Campylobacter and Salmonella that pose a risk to human health. Therefore, it can be stated that owning pet dogs poses a potential threat to humans and may present a health issue that requires control. 

    Keywords: Salmonella, Campylobacter, Arcobacter, Prevalence, Stool, Risk Factors
  • Najmieh Saadati, Roshan Nikbakht, Yalda Jefrideh, Shaghayegh Asadzadeh *
    Background & Objective

    Placenta accreta is a serious condition associated with abnormal placental attachment, leading to significant maternal and fetal complications. This study was performed with aim to explore the relationship between assisted reproductive technology (ART) related pregnancy and the incidence of placenta accreta, as well as to identify demographic characteristics and potential risk factors associated with this condition.

    Materials & Methods

    This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 22,413 women who underwent vaginal or cesarean delivery at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, from 2019 to 2022. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist, which included demographic information and details regarding current and previous pregnancies. The student t-test and chi-square tests were used for comparison of medical and demographic characteristics between patients with and without placenta accreta. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

    Results

    The rate of placenta accreta was significantly higher in IVF pregnancies (P=0.047). In patients with placenta accreta, 35.11% had a history of abortion compared to only 3.25% in the patients without accreta (P<0.001). Additionally, 80.85% of those with placenta accreta had placenta previa, whereas only 0.57% of those without this condition (P<0.001). Additionally, patients with placenta accreta had a higher mean number of previous cesarean deliveries (2.43 ± 1.001 vs. 0.71 ± 0.037, P<0.001) and the mean number of gestations (4.08 ± 1.33 vs. 2.16 ± 0.086, P<0.001).

    Conclusion

    The findings of the present study demonstrated that IVF pregnancies have a higher incidence of placenta accreta. Furthermore, advanced maternal age, higher number of gestations, history of abortion, presence of placenta previa, and previous cesarean deliveries were associated with placenta accreta.

    Keywords: Placenta Accreta, Assisted Reproductive Technology, In Vitro Fertilization, Cesarean Delivery, Risk Factors, Placenta Previa
  • کریم حاتم نهاوندی*، مصطفی رضائیان، احسان احمدپور، عبدالرضا ناروئی پور، داوود انوری
    سابقه و هدف

    هیمنولپیس نانا یکی از شایع ترین انگل های روده ای انسان به ویژه در کودکان بوده، و تهدیدی برای سلامت عمومی در جوامع فقیر در جنوب شرقی ایران قلمداد می شود. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین شیوع هیمنولپیازیس و عوامل خطر مرتبط در افراد بدون علامت و مبتلایان به گاستروانتریت در ایرانشهر، انجام پذیرفت.

    مواد و روش ها

    این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی، بر روی 17455 نفر بیماران سرپایی و بستری مبتلا به گاستروانتریت مراجعه کننده به مراکز درمانی وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایرانشهر، انجام شد. مطالعه بین فروردین ماه 1399 تا اسفند ماه 1400 طی پاندمی کرونا انجام گرفت و از روش گسترش مستقیم مرطوب میکروسکوپی برای تشخیص تخم انگل در نمونه های مدفوعی تازه استفاده گردید. شدت ارتباط بین هیمنولپیازیس و فاکتورهای خطر مرتبط توسط مدل رگرسیون لجستیک دو جمله ای مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.

    یافته ها

    شیوع کلی هیمنولپیازیس 0/28 درصد برآورد گردید. بالاترین میزان آلودگی مربوط به مراجعه کنندگان به بیمارستان ایران (0/37 درصد)، آزمایشگاه مرجع بالینی (0/24 درصد) و بیمارستان خاتم الانبیاء (ص) (0/16 درصد) بود. داشتن اسهال به طور معنی داری با احتمال وجود هیمنولپیازیس مرتبط بود (نسبت شانس تعدیل شده: 31/3 ؛ 95 درصد فاصله اطمینان: 11/6 تا 84/4 ؛ 0/000=P). نرخ شیوع عفونت طی دوره 2021-2020 به طور معنی داری بیش تر بود (نسبت شانس تعدیل شده: 2/74 ؛ 95 درصد فاصله اطمینان: 1/49 تا 5/02 ؛ 0/001=P). هم چنین، بین نرخ شیوع عفونت و مرکز درمانی مورد مراجعه ارتباط معنی داری وجود داشت (نسبت شانس تعدیل شده: 0/17 ؛ 95 درصد فاصله اطمینان:0/08 تا 0/35 ؛ 0/000=P).

    استنتاج

    هیمنولپیازیس در ایرانشهر شایع است. داشتن اسهال و نیز نوع مرکز درمانی مورد مراجعه میزان شیوع هیمنولپیازیس را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهند. به علاوه، شیوع عفونت در طول دوره پاندمی کرونا سیر نزولی داشت که نشان می دهد اقداماتی نظیر خدمات مراقبت های بهداشتی، آموزش بهداشت، و بهداشت محیط، بر کاهش شیوع عفونت تاثیر دارند.

    کلید واژگان: هیمنولپیس نانا, شیوع, فاکتورهای خطر, ایرانشهر
    Kareem Hatam-Nahavandi*, Mostafa Rezaeian, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Abdolreza Narouiepour, Davood Anvari
    Background and purpose

    Hymenolepis nana is one of the most prevalent intestinal parasites infecting humans, particularly children. It poses a significant public health threat in underprivileged communities in southeastern Iran. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hymenolepiasis and identify the associated risk factors among asymptomatic individuals and patients with gastroenteritis in Iranshahr.

    Materials and methods

    A cross-sectional study was conducted among 17,455 outpatients and inpatients with gastrointestinal symptoms referred to the health centers affiliated with Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences. The study was carried out between April 2020 and March 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Direct wet mount microscopy was employed to detect Hymenolepis nana eggs in fresh stool samples. A binomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between hymenolepiasis and relevant risk factors.

    Results

    The overall prevalence of Hymenolepis nana infection was estimated at 0.28%. The higher infection rate was observed in patients from Iran Hospital (0.37%), followed by patients from Reference Laboratory (0.24%) and Khatam Hospital (0.16%). Having diarrhea was significantly associated with the likelihood of having hymenolepiasis (AOR: 31.3; 95% CI: 11.6-84.4; P=0.000).The infection prevalence was significantly higher during 2020-2021 (AOR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.49-5.02; P=0.001). There was also a significant relationship between the prevalence rate of infection and the health center visited (AOR: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.08-0.35; P=0.000).

    Conclusion

    Hymenolepiasis is common in Iranshahr. The prevalence of the infection is influenced by factors such as having diarrhea and the specific health center visited. Furthermore, a decreasing trend in the prevalence rate of Hymenolepis infection during the COVID-19 pandemic was observed, suggesting that measures like healthcare services, health education, and improvements in environmental hygiene are effectively contributing to the reduction of infection prevalence.

    Keywords: Hymenolepis Nana, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Iranshahr
  • Sailent Rizki Sari Simaremare*, Basuki Rachmat, Wahyu Pudji Nugraheni, Debri Rizki Faisal, Muhammad Nirwan, Mara Ipa, Tities Puspita, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Felly Philipus Senewe
    Background

    Despite the decrease in prevalence from 18.5% in 2013 to 12.3% in 2018, diarrhea presents a major public health challenge in Indonesia which leads to significant mortality. This study investigated factors influencing diarrhea among children under five years of age in underdeveloped regions of Indonesia, where disparities from other regions are significant.

    Study Design

     A cross-sectional study.

    Methods

    This study obtained data from National Basic Health Research conducted in 2018. Sixty underdeveloped regions of Indonesia, with a total of 9243 children aged 0-59 months, were included. Chi-square, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine factors influencing the prevalence of diarrhea in children under 5 years of age.

    Results

    Multivariate analysis revealed that the age categories of 12-23 months (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.48, 2.02) and 24-35 months (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.53), awareness of a nearby hospital (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.86), and history of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in the past month (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.66, 2.40) were associated with diarrhea in children under the age of five in underdeveloped regions of Indonesia. In contrast, the environmental factors analyzed further in the study were not significantly associated with the prevalence of diarrhea in children under five years of age in underdeveloped regions of Indonesia.

    Conclusion

    These findings suggest that the child’s age, the child’s history of ARI, and household awareness of nearby hospitals are critical factors associated with the child’s diarrhea in underdeveloped regions of Indonesia.

    Keywords: Diarrhea, Child, Risk Factors, Rural Population, Indonesia
  • Adzkia Avisena Maghfiroh, Chandrayani Simanjorang*, Ulya Qoulan Karima
    Background

    Prediabetes is a golden period because the blood sugar levels can be lowered to normal levels, unlike diabetes mellitus. Studies on risk factors of prediabetes in Indonesia have never been conducted before, especially with cohort study design. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors associated with prediabetes in Indonesia based on a cohort study conducted in Bogor, Indonesia. Study Design: A retrospective cohort study.

    Methods

    This study was conducted using data from the Bogor Cohort Study done by the Ministry of Health of Indonesia, which included individuals aged more than 25 years. Individuals who had impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (100-125 mg/dL) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (140-199 mg/dL) at baseline screening were excluded from the study. Demographic characteristics, risk factors, and clinical observations were extracted using a questionnaire. Cox regression was used for data analysis.

    Results

    The cumulative incidence of prediabetes in Bogor was 50.3%. Factors associated with prediabetes were old age (RR: 1.33; 95% CI 1.19, 1.47), female gender (RR: 1.32; 95% CI 1.18, 1.48), overweight (RR: 1.17; 95% CI 1.01, 1.36), obesity (RR: 1.26; 95% CI 1.08, 1.46), central obesity (RR: 1.17; 95% CI 1.02, 1.34), high cholesterol levels (RR: 1.11; 95% CI 1.00, 1.22), and hypertension (RR: 1.27; 95% CI 1.14, 1.42).

    Conclusion

    Age is a dominant risk factor for prediabetes. Therefore, it is important to stick to a healthy lifestyle by doing more physical activities and maintaining a balanced diet since young age to prevent prediabetes.

    Keywords: Prediabetes, Cohort Study, Risk Factors, Indonesia, Cumulative Incidence
  • Kamal Sharma*, Iva Patel, Rujuta Parikh, Maulik Kalyani, Khamir Banker, Dixit Dhorajiya, Apoorva M
    Introduction

     Limited real-world data exist regarding cardiovascular outcomes in post-COVID-19 individuals following discharge, particularly within the Asian Indian population. This study aims to explore the association between prior COVID-19 history and in-hospital outcomes in acute myocardial infarction patients.

    Methods

     Hospital database was searched for the patients who were diagnosed with Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and were grouped according to absence (Group-A) or presence (Group-B) of history of severe COVID-19 hospitalization at least 3 months prior to the index event of AMI. Study primary endpoint was defined as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) comprising of Re-AMI, stroke, death (3P) and acute decompensated heart failure (4P), which were analyzed between these 2 study groups.

    Results

     Of 10,581 consecutive patients of AMI, 5.33% (n=564/10,581) patients had prior history of severe SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization beyond 3 months of index AMI. Past severe Covid-19 patients presenting with AMI were more likely to be younger (59.12+11.23 years vs. 52.01+10.05 years) and younger than 40 years of age. Patients in Group B demonstrated a notably higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, higher Killip class, and lower presenting LVEF compared to Group A. In-hospital cardiac arrest, stroke, heart failure and all-cause death were significantly higher in Group B patients. Higher unadjusted odds ratio for in hospital death OR=5.78 (2.56-10.23), 3-P MACE OR=2.33 (1.23-8.65) and 4-P MACE OR=2.58 (1.36-5.43) were found in patients with prior history of COVID-19. After adjusting for comorbidities, the ratio for in-hospital MACE was found to be non-significant.

    Conclusion

     Conventional risk factors and presence of comorbidities in individuals with prior history of COVID-19 hospitalization increased the risk of both 3P and 4P MACE during AMI.

    Keywords: Severe COVID-19, SARS-Cov-2, Risk Factors, Long COVID, MACE, AMI
  • Mahnaz Shakerian, Saeid Yazdanirad, Amirhossein Khoshakhlagh, Seyed Mahdi Mousav
    Aim

    This study aimed to identify, classify, and prioritize the factors affecting tolerance to shift work using Delphi and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) techniques.

    Methods

    This descriptive analytical study was conducted in 2023. First, the literature review and Delphi technique identified the factors affecting tolerance to shift work. Then, these factors were grouped into five categories. The FAHP was used to prioritize the factors. Finally, the data were analyzed using MATLAB software (version 2019a).

    Results

    Thirty‑two factors were identified and grouped into five categories. Based on the results of FAHP, the relative weights of individual factors, working conditions, working hours, family and living conditions, and social conditions were computed as 0.231, 0.211, 0.187, 0.186, and 0.182, respectively.

    Conclusion

    These results highlight the significance of factors influencing tolerance to shift work and can aid in planning preventive measures for the decrease of shiftwork disorders.

    Keywords: Delphi Method, Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process, Risk Factors, Shift Work
  • Elham Askary *, Saeed Alborzi, Kefayat Chamanara, Alimohammad Keshtvarz Hesam Abadi
    Background

    Endometriosis experts recommend monitoring patients until menopause before considering surgery, with concerns about lesion malignancy. This meta-analysis aims to assess the prevalence and prognosis of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) in various types of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and compare risk factors with the non-EAOC group to improve disease management.

    Method

    In this review, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases were searched for "endometriosis" and "ovarian cancer risk factor" from 2010 to 2023. Papers not reporting cancer prevalence or without a specified sample size were excluded. The study used statistical Cochran's Q and I2 index tests to evaluate heterogeneity and estimate ovarian cancer prevalence. Odds ratio was used to explore risk factors for cancer development.

    Results

    In our meta-analysis of 20 studies, 31,667 women with Non-EAOC were compared with 2826 women with EAOC across various factors: EOC subtypes, age, parity, menopausal status, FIGO stage, 5-year survival rate, and Ca125 levels. In our study, EAOC exhibited a 7.34% cancer incidence. While clear cell and endometrioid types were more common in EAOC than in the non-EAOC group, the low-grade serous type was the most prevalent malignancy.Patients with early-stage EAOC have a 1.7 times higher 5-year survival rate compared with non-EAOC groups. EAOC is more common in nulliparous (2.243 times) and premenopausal women (2.169 times), but the CA125 levels are not significantly different between the groups.

    Conclusion

    Based on data and positive outlook, careful monitoring, considering medical history, and avoiding early surgery are highly recommended in endometriotic patients.

    Keywords: Endometriosis, Ovarian Neoplasms, Risk Factors
  • Ali Hamidi Madani, Fardin Mirbolouk, Mona Naghshbandi, Tolou Hasandokht, Mahboobe Gholipour, Mohammad Sajjad Zabihi, Mohammad Hamidi Madani *
    Background

    Erectile dysfunction (ED) is associated with cardiovascular events, and a significant proportion of men with coronary artery disease (CAD) exhibit early signs of ED. Moreover, both of these disorders shared common risk factors in previous studies. This study was conducted to determine which risk factors and conditions in CAD patients might contribute to the occurrence of ED.

    Methods

    This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the North of Iran from October 2016 to September 2017. 316 patients with coronary artery disease were enrolled. Demographic information were collected using a checklist, and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) questionnaire  was used to determine the participant’s ED status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate associated factors.

    Results

    The mean age of the participants was 56.51±9.88 years. About 55.1% of the patients had ED. Moreover, the severity of CAD was independently associated with an increased risk of ED (OR=4.11, 95%CI=1.69-9.97), with patients having more than one involved coronary artery and greater coronary artery stenosis had a higher risk of developing ED occurrence (OR=3.74, 95%CI=1.72-8.09). Besides, age (OR=1.23, 95%CI=1.18-1.29) and BMI (OR=1.26, 95%CI=1.13-1.41) were independent predictors of ED occurrence in CAD patients. 

    Conclusion

    Higher CAD severity, older age, and higher BMI were all independent predictors of ED occurrence in CAD patients. While, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and smoking were not independent risk factors, they could contribute to the development of ED when combined with other risk factors.

    Keywords: Coronary Artery Disease, Erectile Dysfunction, Risk Factors, Coronary Angiography
  • Alireza Maleki, Meisam Sargazi, Ali Yousefian*, Saeedeh Sarhadi, Maryam Mollaei, Seyed Omid Mohammadi
    Background

     Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of preventable premature infant vision loss. Many studies have reported different risk factors depending on the region. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of ROP and associated risk factors in a referral eye hospital in southeastern Iran.

    Methods

     This was a retrospective cohort study of preterm infants with birth weight (BW)≤2000 g or gestational age (GA)≤34 weeks and infants with GA between 34-37 weeks or GA<37 weeks and BW>2000 g referred by their pediatricians to our center from March 2022 until March 2023.

    Results

     Totally, 920 infants met the inclusion criteria for the study. The incidence of ROP and ROP requiring treatment was 20.2% and 3.58% respectively. Results of logistic regression analysis showed higher GA and BW as protective factors against ROP occurrence. History of blood transfusion and phototherapy increased ROP development.

    Conclusion

     Lower GA, lower BW, history of blood transfusion, and phototherapy were associated with ROP development. Phototherapy decreased the need for treatment among ROP patients.

    Keywords: Bevacizumab, Phototherapy, Retinal Neovascularization, Retinopathy Of Prematurity, Risk Factors
  • Laween Hashim Dawood, Ibrahim Naqid, Nawfal R Hussein
    Background

    Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a multifactorial disease whose global prevalence has reduced over the past years.

    Objectives

    This study aimed to determine PUD's prevalence and risk factors and the associated risk factors behind this disease.

    Methods

    A cross-sectional study was conducted in Duhok, Kurdistan, Iraq, between August 11 and December 17, 2022. A total of 218 patients (116 males and 102 females) who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy by specialists at Azadi Teaching Hospital were interviewed face-to-face. The participants' ages ranged between 18 and 81. The upper GIT endoscopy was performed using a PENTAXI-scan 5000-type endoscopy.

    Results

    The prevalence of peptic ulcers among the participants was 30 (13.8%), 27 (12.4%) duodenal ulcers and 3 (1.4%) gastric ulcers. Abdominal pain was the primary complaint, reported by (39%) of the participants, followed by heartburn (28.4%) and vomiting (6.9%). Regarding the risk factors for developing peptic ulcer among the studied cases, NSAID use was the highest risk factor (25.7%), followed by spicy food (21.6%), smoking (20.6%), family history (17%), and Helicobacter pylori infection (12.4%). A significant association was observed between H. pylori (P = 0.001) and gender (P = 0.001) with peptic ulcer. Additionally, (5%) of the participants reported melena as a complication, while only (2.3%) reported hematemesis.

    Conclusions

    This study found that 13.8% of individuals undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy exhibit peptic ulcers, with 12.4% manifesting duodenal ulcers and 1.4% exhibiting gastric ulcers. Identified risk factors for peptic ulcer disease include sex and H. pylori infection. Further research is crucial to thoroughly explore the impact of various factors on the development of PUD.

    Keywords: Peptic Ulcer, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Upper GIT Endoscopy, Duhok City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
  • Lucy Grace Luna Muñoz, Silvia Revoredo Llanos, Karina Ordaya-Gonzales, Liliana Arriola-Montenegro, Andres Chaponan-Lavalle, Jose Arriola-Montenegro
    Objective

    To evaluate the risk factors associated with asthma in children hospitalized at Hospital Belen de Trujillo.

    Materials and methods

    An analytical study of retrospective cases and controls was carried out in which 258 clinical histories of children between 5 to 14 years of age who were hospitalized in the Hospital Belen de Trujillo (HBT) during the period 2015-2019 were included, which were grouped into 129 histories of children who had been hospitalized for asthma (cases) and 129 histories of children hospitalized for a different cause (controls). The frequency distribution will be calculated, the Chi-square statistical test will be used, the odds ratio will be obtained and the 95% confidence interval will be calculated; finally, a multivariate analysis will be performed by means of logistic regression to determine whether the influence of other variables generates a greater risk of developing asthma in children.

    Results

    The multivariate analysis showed that the factors: cesarean delivery, non-exclusive breastfeeding, history of bronchiolitis, obesity and maternal age together predict 92. 0% of the cases of asthma; however, taking the influence of all the factors at the same time, it was found that the cesarean delivery route, non-exclusive breastfeeding, obesity and maternal age are significant for the regression (p<0.05), while the factor history of bronchiolitis is not significant (p>0.05). Likewise, when the bivariate analysis of the five variables studied was performed and the Chi-square test was applied, it was found that all five factors were significant (p<0.05) for asthma in children at Hospital Belen de Trujillo.

    Conclusion

    The factors cesarean delivery route, non-exclusive breastfeeding, history of bronchiolitis, obesity and maternal age are associated with asthma in children hospitalized at HBT.

    Keywords: Asthma, Risk Factors, Child
  • مریم چناقلو، هاله بوداغ، مینا، ولیزاده خوشمهر، فاطمه عابدی محزون، میرسعید عبدالهی، راضیه پریزاد*
    مقدمه

    نارسایی قلبی، یک مساله ی جهانی از نظر بهداشت عمومی است. اگرچه پژوهش های متعددی در مناطق مختلف جهان مانند اروپا و آمریکا صورت گرفته است، اما اطلاعات محدودی درباره ی ویژگی های این بیماری در مناطق آسیایی به ویژه ایران وجود دارد.

    روش ها

    این مطالعه یک پژوهش توصیفی- تحلیلی گذشته نگر است که بیماران بالای 16 سالی که از فروردین ماه 1400 تا مرداد ماه 1401 با تشخیص نارسایی قلب در مرکز قلب و عروق شهید مدنی تبریز بستری شده بودند، جهت مطالعه انتخاب شدند. معیار خروج از مطالعه شامل بیمارانی بود که عملکرد سیستولیک بطن چپ حفظ شده بود. متغیرهای مورد مطالعه، ویژگی های دموگرافیک، بیماری های همراه نوع نارسایی قلبی (ایسکمیک یا غیر ایسکمیک) یافته های نوار قلب و اکوکاردیوگرافی بودند.

    یافته ها

    از 519 بیمار مورد مطالعه، 66/9 درصد مرد و 33/1 درصد زن بودند. میانگین سنی بیماران 13/6 ± 64/08 سال بود. شایع ترین عوامل خطر شامل فشارخون بالا (57 درصد)، بیماری عروق کرونر (52 درصد) و دیابت (36/2 درصد) بود. شایع ترین علائم بالینی، تنگی نفس (88 درصد)، ارتوپنه (36/1 درصد) و علائم گوارشی (20 درصد) بود. میزان مرگ ومیر بیماران نیز 1/54 درصد بود.

    نتیجه گیری

    یافته های این مطالعه نشان داد که بیماران HF در ایران در مقایسه با کشورهای غربی به طور متوسط جوان تر هستند و علل غیر ایسکمیک شایع تر است. این تفاوت ها ممکن است به دلیل عواملی ازجمله فرهنگی، نژادی و سبک زندگی در ایران باشد. اهمیت جمع آوری این داده ها در شناسایی گروه های پرخطر و برنامه ریزی استراتژی های درمانی بهینه، نهفته است.

    کلید واژگان: نارسایی قلبی, جمعیت شناختی, عوامل خطر, تظاهرات بالینی
    Maryam Chenaghlou, Haleh Bodagh, Mina Valizadeh Khoshmehr, Fatemeh Abedi Mahson, Mirsaeed Abdollahi, Razieh Parizad *
    Background

     Heart failure (HF) is a global public health issue. Although numerous studies have been conducted in various regions, such as Europe and the United States, there is limited information about the characteristics of this disease in Asian regions, particularly in Iran.

    Methods

    This study is retrospective descriptive-analytical research. Patients over 16 years old who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of HF at the Shahid Madani Cardiovascular Center, Tabriz, Iran, from April 2021 to August 2022 were selected for the study. The exclusion criteria included patients with preserved systolic function. The variables studied included demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and the type of HF (ischemic or non-ischemic), which were collected through a researcher-designed questionnaire.

    Findings

    Of the 519 patients studied, 66.9% were male and 33.1% were female. The mean age of the patients was 64.08 ± 13.6 years. The most common risk factors included hypertension (57%), coronary artery disease (CAD) (52%), and diabetes mellitus (DM) (36.2%). The most common clinical symptoms were shortness of breath (88%), orthopnea (36.1%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (20%). The mortality rate of the patients was 1.54%.

    Conclusion

    This study indicates that HF patients in Iran are younger on average than those in Western countries, with non-ischemic causes being more prevalent. These differences may be due to cultural, racial, and lifestyle-related risk factors in Iran. The significance of collecting this data lies in identifying high-risk groups and planning optimal treatment strategies.

    Keywords: Heart Failure, Demography, Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations
  • Seyede Solmaz Taheri, Mohammadesmaeil Akbari, Aliakbar Khadem Maboudi, Ahmadreza Baghestani
    Background

    The analysis methods for breast cancer (BC) data have also advanced alongside medical advancements in the treatment of the disease.

    Objectives

    This study tried to investigate the factors affecting the survival rate of BC patients using the cured model based on Kumaraswamy's defective distribution.

    Methods

    A retrospective study collected data on 2 574 BC patients between September 2013 and September 2020, including demographic, clinicopathological, and biological characteristics. The best model for predicting cure was chosen based on AIC.

    Results

    The selected cure model revealed that age (P = 0.046), tumor histologic grade (P = 0.0.38), tumor size (P = 0.0.41), HER2 status (P = 0.001), KI67 levels (P = 0.027), P53 status (P = 0.029), and hormone therapy (P = 0.039) were significant variables. The estimated cured rate of this data was 0.82.

    Conclusions

    Considering that the advanced cured model has the highest accuracy in identifying the factors affecting the survival rate of BC patients and more risk factors have become significant in this model, it is recommended to pay special attention to patients aged over 60 with poorly differentiated historical grade, T3 tumor size, HER2 positive status, KI67 levels below 20%, negative P53 status, and no hormone therapy received in the process of disease prognosis.

    Keywords: Biological, Breast Cancer, Clinicopathology, Risk Factors, Survival
  • Mandana Haghshenas, Behnoosh Shahsavaripoor, Masoud Ahmadzadasl*, Maryam Kheiry, Behnam Shariati, Farnoush Davoudi, Morteza Naserbakht
    Introduction

    Readmission is an important indicator of poor post-discharge management for psychiatric patients. This study explores the factors influencing psychiatric patient readmission, with a focus on post-discharge follow-up visits.

    Materials & Methods

    This retrospective cohort study analyzed the clinical records of psychiatric inpatients over an eight-year period up to 2019. The relationship between various clinical factors during hospitalization (e.g., length of stay, diagnosis, treatment adherence) and post-discharge follow-up leading to readmission was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Log-rank test, and Cox regression analysis.

    Results

     The study revealed a 23% readmission rate. Gender, education, length of hospital stay, number of previous hospitalizations, and restraint during hospitalization showed significant associations with post-discharge visits (P < 0.05). Gender, place of hospitalization, and type of discharge were related to the timing of the first post-discharge visit (P < 0.05). Scheduling follow-up visits at discharge was significantly associated with post-discharge follow-up (p = 0.001).

    Conclusion

     To reduce or delay readmissions, the study recommends increasing post-discharge visits, minimizing treating psychiatrists, scheduling outpatient follow-up upon discharge, providing psycho-education at discharge (particularly for women and individuals with higher education), addressing patients who leave against medical advice, and conducting telephone follow-up for high-risk patients.

    Keywords: Patient Readmission, Psychiatry, Risk Factors, Outpatient
  • Shokoufeh Abbasi, Masoud Amini, Sahar Vahdat, Ashraf Aminorroaya, Mojgan Mortazavi, Fatemeh Azimi
    Background

    Nephropathy, a vascular complication of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes, is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease.

    Objectives

    This study aimed to investigate the incidence and prevalence of nephropathy and its risk factors in patients with prediabetes, with a particular focus on exploring the association between a family history (FH) of DM and nephropathy.

    Methods

    In this retrospective study, we examined the medical records of 819 patients with prediabetes referred to the Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center in 2004. We compared the prevalence of nephropathy in 2019 to baseline levels and assessed factors such as FH of DM in first-degree relatives and other nephropathy-related factors among patients with and without nephropathy.

    Results

    The prevalence of nephropathy increased from 39% to 60.6% over 15 years, with a cumulative incidence of 21.6% and a mean annual incidence of 2.4%. There were differences in diastolic and systolic blood pressure, lipid markers, fasting and postprandial glucose levels, and glomerular filtration rate between patients with and without nephropathy; however, these differences were not statistically significant (P-value ≥ 0.05). Male sex (Odds ratio [OR]: 1.8), age (OR: 1.02), and Body Mass Index (BMI) (OR: 1.05) were significantly associated with nephropathy (P-value < 0.05). No significant association was found between a positive FH of DM and nephropathy (P-value = 0.638).

    Conclusions

    Our findings indicate that a FH of DM is not associated with an increased risk of nephropathy in patients with prediabetes. Instead, sex, age, and BMI play a more significant role. Therefore, these factors may be more critical in guiding preventive and treatment measures.

    Keywords: Diabetic Nephropathies, Prediabetic State, Hyperglycemia, Incidence, Prevalence, Medical History Taking, Risk Factors
  • Orchideh Amoie Foumani, Yasaman Asri, Mirsaeed Attarchi, Samaneh Esmaeili, Reza Shahrokhi Damavand, Gholamreza Sadeghi, Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli, Majid Marefati
    Background

    Occupational settings expose workers to various substances linked to cancer risk, influenced by exposure intensity and duration. Considering the diverse work conditions across Iranian cities and the unexplored link between occupation and bladder cancer (BC) in Guilan Province, identifying high-risk occupations and industries is imperative for implementing preventive measures in the region.

    Objectives

    To investigate the effect of people's occupations on bladder cancer in Guilan Province.

    Methods

    The study encompassed 266 diagnosed BC patients in Guilan Province who received treatment at local healthcare centers, along with 191 control individuals aged 18 and over. Data for the cases were meticulously recorded in medical records at the Guilan Cancer Registry. The same checklists, including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, addiction status, water consumption habits, environmental exposures, current and previous occupation, previous history of cancer, and family history of cancer, were recorded for the controls. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated using adjusted logistic regression (LR).

    Results

    The study found that the odds ratio of bladder cancer was 2.80 (95% CI: 1.26 - 6.21) for the age group 60 - 70 years and 18.2 (95% CI: 7.31 - 45.6) for individuals above 70 years. Rural dwelling increased the risk by 5.06-fold, while well water consumption and regular opium use amplified it by 6.12-fold and 2.58-fold, respectively. Exposure to tar and carbon derivatives led to a 3.53-fold increase in risk, and exposure to combustion/greenhouse gases showed a 10.72-fold increase. Chemical-related occupations, tar, carbon derivatives, smoking, and opium consumption were significant risk factors.

    Conclusions

    Occupations involving chemical substances such as greenhouse gases, tar, and carbon derivatives are associated with a higher risk of bladder cancer. Furthermore, smoking, opium use, and well water consumption significantly elevate the risk of this cancer.

    Keywords: Bladder Cancer, Occupational Exposures, Hazardous Chemicals, Risk Factors
نکته
  • نتایج بر اساس تاریخ انتشار مرتب شده‌اند.
  • کلیدواژه مورد نظر شما تنها در فیلد کلیدواژگان مقالات جستجو شده‌است. به منظور حذف نتایج غیر مرتبط، جستجو تنها در مقالات مجلاتی انجام شده که با مجله ماخذ هم موضوع هستند.
  • در صورتی که می‌خواهید جستجو را در همه موضوعات و با شرایط دیگر تکرار کنید به صفحه جستجوی پیشرفته مجلات مراجعه کنید.
درخواست پشتیبانی - گزارش اشکال