Effect of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Heracleum persicum (Golpar) on Folliculogenesis in Female Wistar Rats

Medicinal plants are widely used throughout the world. Since these plants are known to have minimal side effects, many people embrace them. The golpar plant, scientifically known as Heracleum persicum (H. persicum), is a common Asian and Iranian medicinal plant. The use of golpar is recommended in traditional medicine as a contraceptive medication for females; however, no scientifically documented evidence has been reported. This study investigates the effects of the golpar plant on ovarian tissue and folliculogenesis. In this experimental study, H. persicum hydroalcoholic extract (HPHE) was used at 400 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg doses. Adult female rats were divided into three groups: control, sham, and experimental(I, II). The control group did not receive any injection, the sham group received saline solution, and the experimental group received IP injections of HPHE for 21 days, once every other day, during the sexual cycle. At the end of the injection period, ovarian samples were harvested for histological studies. The FSH assay was performed according to the chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method. Data were statistically analyzed by the Instat3 program and one-way ANOVA. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant. In the experimental group the numbers of primordial and primary follicles increased (p<0.001), while the number of preantral and antral follicles decreased (p<0.01). The atretic follicles decreased in the experimental group, but this decrease was not significant. There was no statistical difference in FSH concentration when compared with the control group. This report gives primary information on the in vivo effects of the HPHE on the ovarian follicles of the female Wistar rat. The results suggest that administration of HPHE may have inhibitory effects on folliculogenesis and cause infertility in females.