Islamophobia and Anti-Islamism: 10 Years after September 11‎

While Islamophobia and its different manifestations are deep-rooted back prior to September 11 and even a millennium ago, undoubtedly the September 11 incident and the mass political, security and propaganda movement resulted from it, left a dramatic implications on how Islam was viewed in the West and how Muslims were treated there. The extensive and engineered Islamophobia was emerged in different forms and frameworks and, while drawing a dark picture of Islam and Muslims, put mental and legal pressures and limitation on Muslim minorities in the Western countries. 10 years after September 11, the extensive Islamophobia which initially was viewed as a reaction to that incident has moved from its limited and informal form and emerged in an official and legal framework. This paper reviews the scope and the contexts in which these developments have taken place.