Religion and State in Pursuit of Authority and Legitimacy (An Inquiry Concerning Relation between State and Religion in Christianity and Judaism)

Discussion about relation between Religion and politics or State has been proposed for long time in east and west. So it is not limited to our nation and or period. In this paper we will show that: A) in throughout of the history of western thought from one side political governors (Kaiser) for surviving their domain and authorities need to protect by legitimacy of religion; on the other hand, all the popes and bishops of Church were in pursuit of authority that belong to Kaiser. Although there were times that they tried to conquer to each other. B) We must distinguish between the nature of religion, as a heavenly and sacred object, and the managers of church (pope or bishop) and their actions. Because their disability in establishing a real society and formulating good rules