Communicative Action Methodology in Defining the Concept of Citizenship

This paper aimed to study the role of communicative action methodology in defining the concept of citizenship. Accordingly, the following hypotheses were proposed: (a) non-governmental organization's managers believe that they have not achieved their targets because of the governmental organization's impacts. (b) non-governmental organization's managers believe that due to the media's supervision, their organizations show to be more responsible towards public opinion. (c) non-governmental organization's managers believe that there is an affiliation between the civilization rights and social capital. According to this research, we learned that the public sphere was in need of voluntary and independent societies of citizens. Hence, active non-governmental organization's target groups were formed across Tehran city in order to test the abovementioned hypotheses. After the reviewing of the sources, now, we study the concept of communication and the media and its impacts, social and communicative theories in connection to the citizenship and mass media, critical theory of Frankfurt and learn about Jurgen Haberma's opinions, the emergence of citizenship concept in the World and Iran (before Mashrouteh) and finally the definition and types of non- governmental organizations. Finally the researchers, due to the Hagerman' communicative action, offer a communicative paradigm. In this paradigm, the level of communication has been divided into small, medium and large ones and their specifications together with their samples have been presented. On the basis of this research, the medium level enjoys some features as like: communicative mean's pluralism, to be small and simple, local media, non-governmental media, interaction between the sender and receiver (bilateral). Therefore, the medium level will have the most impact on setting up the communicative action among non-governmental organizations as well as the citizens.