Identification of chromosomes carrying genes controlling yield related to stomatal and flag leaf characteristics in wheat under non-stress and drought stress conditions, using chromosomal substitution lines

Identification of chromosomes carrying genes controlling yield production in bread wheat which are related to stomatal and flag leaf characteristics under non-stress and drought stress conditions، this experiment was executed using chromosome substitution lines series which chromosomes of Timstein variety were substituted with homologues chromosomes of Chinese Spring. Twenty one substitution lines were examined within a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications under two irrigated and drought stress conditions in the greenhouse، Shahrekord University. Stress condition was started at booting stage. In non-stress condition plants were irrigated in a period of 2-4 days. In stress condition plants were irrigated like non-stress condition before booting stage and afterwards in a period of 4-6 days. Irrigation periods was done based on air temperature and growth degree day (GDD). The results showed that substitution lines significantly differed for all traits. Mean comparison of lines displayed that، chromosomes 3A، 7B and chromosomes 7A and 7B had the most effective genes expressing yield productivity in irrigated and stress conditions، respectively. Significant differences were found among substitution lines in terms of flag leaf size، stomatal frequency، stomatal size and yield. Positive but not significant correlation were found between stomatal size، flag leaf size and yield in stress condition while positive but not significant correlation were observed between stomatal frequency and yield in irrigated conditions. The results also showed that the chromosomes of D genome had the most effectiveness on flag leaf size in stress condition while chromosomes of A genome appeared with the most effects on the stomatal size.