Comparative Study of Aristotelian and Narrative Dramas with Reference to Oedipus Rex by Sophocles and Mother Courage and Her Children by Bertolt Brecht

The present work is a comparative study of Aristotelian and narrative dramas with reference to “Oedipus Rex” by Sophocles and “Mother Courage and Her Children” by Bertolt Brecht. The basics of Aristotelian drama come from Aristotle’s Poetics، which was considered as an undisputed tradition in drama until the eighteenth century. The aim of this dramatic tradition is catharsis، which is achieved through pity، fear and empathy in the audience. Among the other main principles of Aristotelian drama are the observance of the three units: dramatic climax and peripetia، and the first and the last moments of excitement. The narrative drama is based on Bertolt Brecht''s non-Aristotelian theories in drama. Brecht believes that we must create a critical distance from daily events through alienation so that the audience can reconsider them and develop a critical view. The duality of the actor''s role، the inconsistency between the actor''s thought and action، time leaps، musical interruptions of the story، strong lightening on the stage، a half-empty stage with a half open curtain، the use of titles at the beginning of the scenes، and putting placards that free the audience from illusions are some of the alienation techniques used in Mother Courage and Her Children. Aristotelian drama emphasizes the unity of sequences and coherence of events، and considers the play as a whole، which aims at involving the audience wholeheartedly and making the audience identifies himself with the hero of the play. In contrast، narrative drama is a montage of single scenes، which causes pauses in the play. In this type of drama، the audiences، because of frequent interruptions، does not get involved in the play، gets distance from the scenes، and is persuaded to critically view the play، present solutions، and make decisions. In sum، the fundamental difference between these two types of drama lies in the effect they have on the audience. In this work، an attempt has been made to discuss the major difference between Aristotelian and narrative dramas with a number of examples taken from Oedipus Rex and Mother Courage and Her Children.