Toxicity and Risks of Nano Materials and Future Needs

With the expanding of using nano materials and determining the risks, concerns have been raised about the safety of this technology for human health and the environment. A number of nano-materials without determining the environmental problems are now available for users without an appropriate safety assessment that may have harmful effects for human and environment in long time. The effects of these materials strongly depend on their shape, dimensions, size and the amount of using or exposure time. Nano materials are used in a wide range of areas such as using in monoclonal antibodies, peptides and or drugs. One of the most common application of these materials is in to combating microbes. A number of nanomaterials toxicity and their effects on DNA and the immune system are proven. With the recognition of the toxicity effects of some of the nano materials, scientist decided to determine the permissive levels of using these materials to prevent the environmental pollution.