Past Shemiran, and present destroyed Shemiran by Tehran

Shemiran-or according to Qajar Geographers “Shemiran village” - was a pleasant countryside for overheated Tehran. During hot summers, people, whether rich or poor, moved to Shemiran for days or months and were welcomed according to their wealth. This process continued for years, or even centuries, without overlapping the roles of Tehran and Shemiran as city and countryside. From 1310 SH, following the moats around Tehran were filled in, the villages were swallowed up as city - Tehran - expanded into the countryside of Tehran and later Shemiran. Consequently it replaced clean air of Tochal with toxic and hazardous air, and resulted in cutting shadowy and fruit trees for building ugly apartments. This article aims to describe how modernity destroyed the villages of Shemiran.