Management Challenges in Grand National Research Plans and Applying Epoch-Oriented Cell Programming to Confront Them.

The authors of the present research attempt to predict executing challenges of Grand National research plans confirmed by higher council and planning model of strategic programming to manage the mentioned projects. The method of the present research is content analyzes through interviews with scholars of science and technology strategists. Then a proper model is planned to manage the challenges and projects. The output of the first phase of the survey is a list of challenges in executing the research plans including 35 basic factors and 11 organizer factors which are analyzed in two dimensions:" technical-systematic skills" and" social-human skills". At the end of the study epoch-oriented cell programming is emphasized as a management model to confront predicted challenges. The results of the first phase of the research indicate the necessity of a system which develops flexibility in selection and performance of programs. The mentioned system could consider different steps of the function separately and avoid malfunctions. therefore the possibility of using epoch-oriented cell programming system in Grand research plans is emphasized. The system through analyzing grand projects in the form of subprojects and sub cell programs will provide an independent approach toward planning and performing the projects and organizing the projects in vertical (through times and consecutive epochs) and horizontal (in a particular epoch and specified time) packages.