The Comparison of Attribution Retraining, Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategies on Math Problem-Solving in Intellectually Disabled Students

Attribution retraining is a training intervention that aimed to remove motivational problems for learning in students and modify their thinking about causal attributions. Consequently, it increases their self-esteem and expectation level for success. On other hand, cognitive strategies are learning instruments which aimed to help students for acquisition, organization, saving knowledge and skill, and facilitate to use them in future time. Meta-cognition strategies mean some instruments for guiding and supervising cognitive strategies. Successful learners can replace ineffective cognitive strategies with effective ones. It is important to evaluate problem-solving methods and their outcomes before applying them. The students who master on learning strategies are more successful during problem-solving process. The present paper discusses how attribution retraining, cognitive and metacognitive strategies can help intellectually disabled students to use their thinking and behaviors for problem-solving.