Recombinant Antibodies and Their Biotechnological Applications

In the late 1980s، it was shown that by using vectors in bacterial expression systems، recombinant antibody fragments with correct folding could be produced. Before that، antibody fragments were produced by proteolytic cleavage in format of Fab and F (ab'') 2. By progress in recombinant antibody technology، these antibodies were produced in bacterial systems، mammalian cells، insects، yeasts، plants and free cell systems. The basis of this technology is the ability to produce these fragments with conserved stability and specificity. By the development of recombinant technologies، monoclonal antibodies were dissected into minimal binding fragments and were rebuilt into multivalent high avidity reagents and fused with a range of molecules including enzymes for prodrug therapy، toxins for cancer treatment، viruses for gene therapy، cationic tails for DNA delivery، liposomes for improved drug delivery and biosensors for real-time detection of target molecules The following review will discuss the different types of recombinant fragments and their applications in various fields of science such as biology and medicine.