Medical Genetics, Criteria of Miscarriage and Ethical Challenges of Genetic Tests

Genetic diseases have caused lots of mortality and morbidity so far. In recent decades، with the completion of the Human Genome Project، a great part of genome data has been collected and the diagnosis and treatment of some genetic diseases has become available. The progress of the science of medical genetics will cause some problems and ethical questions whose answers will challenge the future of the mankind. This literature review will discuss genetic diagnosis of the diseases، ethical issures، probable challenges، and their solution using remarkable medical genetic references without bias and prejudgment. The experts of medical genetics have developed a set of criteria for ethical issues. These rules have made a functional and behavioral pattern in genetic consultation، diagnosis، treatment، and management of genetic diseases. The most important principles are the patient’s priorities، benefit، autonomy، informed choice، informed agreement، confidentiality، and justice. Ignoring or deviating from any of these principles will harm the patients. Some examples are prenatal diagnosis and ethical difficulties، legal abortion، involvement of other family members، insurance، screening of genetic diseases، and social laws. The way these problems are addressed in the contex of medical genetics ethics depends on the cultural، social، and religious characteristics of different societies. The members of the medical genetic society play a key role in balancing the needs of the patients and their families and can help to increase the safety of genetic tests and confidentiality of patient information through teamwork with related sciences.